Hippocampus trimaculatus, Leach 1814
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:35E0DECB-20CE-4295-AE8E-CB3CAB226C70 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090999 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F37-0C45-733B-FF66-C9B8B944DECF |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Hippocampus trimaculatus |
status |
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H. trimaculatus Leach 1814 View in CoL
English common names. Three-spot Seahorse, flat-faced seahorse, longnose seahorse, low-crowned seahorse, smooth seahorse, three-spotted seahorse.
Synonyms. H. kampylotrachelos Bleeker 1854 , H. manadensis Bleeker 1856 , H. mannulus Cantor 1849 , H. takakurae Tanaka 1916 .
Syntypes. BMNH 1982.6.17.42, BMNH 1982.6.17.43 (designated here as lectotype), BMNH 1982.6.17.44-45 (2), BMNH 1982.6.17.46-47 (2).
Type locality. China Seas.
Distribution. Cambodia, China ( Hong Kong SAR and Province of Taiwan), France (Tahiti), India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam.
Notes. The syntype series labeled as H. trimaculatus is actually a mixture of species: BMNH 1982.6.17.42 is H. barbouri (larger specimen) and H. mohnikei (smaller specimen); BMNH 1982.6.17.43 is H. trimaculatus , and is hereby designated as a lectotype; BMNH 1982.6.17. 44–45 are H. trimaculatus ; BMNH 1982.6.17.46–47 are H. spinosissimus . The type specimen of H. kampylotrachelos matches H. trimaculatus morphologically and meristically, as does the single specimen, which is in poor condition and was found among nesting birds that Kuiter (2001) used to resurrect the species name. Both H. mannulus and H. manadensis are considered synonyms based on their type descriptions, and for H. manadensis examination of the holotype. Genetic data suggest there is a deep division between H. trimaculatus specimens from west and east of Wallace’s Line (2.9%, K2P distance, 696 bp cyt b, Lourie & Vincent 2004a; 1.93%, 648 bp, CO1, BOLD 2016). There is some morphological evidence (slight difference in modal counts of tail rings and pectoral fin rays) to support this division as well (Appendix D). However, the difference is only retained for pectoral fin rays when Australian specimens are included and may not represent species distinctions. That said, we are currently treating Australian specimens in this group as a separate species, H. dahli (see above). Further research is needed to understand exactly where the changeover occurs and if there is a zone of overlap. Some specimens of H. trimaculatus have a zebra-striped pattern. Morphology, meristics and genetics identify these specimens as an unusual colour-morph of H. trimaculatus and not a separate species.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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