Cacopsylla hederae (Miyatake, 1964)

Cho, Geonho, Burckhardt, Daniel & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, Check list of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Korean Peninsula, Zootaxa 5177 (1), pp. 1-91 : 45-46

Cacopsylla hederae (Miyatake, 1964)

( Figs. 96–97 )

Psylla hederae Miyatake, 1964a: 16 .

Psylla toroenensis sensu Miyatake, 1964a: 14 , nec Kuwayama, 1908: 172.

Psylla (Hepatopsylla) hederae ; Kwon (1983: 68).

Cacopsylla hederae ; Park (1996: 271).

Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) hederae ; Kwon & Kwon (2020: 153).

Distribution in Korea. GB, GN, JJ, JN ( Kwon 1983, as Psylla (Hepatopsylla) hederae ; Anonymous 1994, as P. hederae ; Kwon et al. 1996c, as P. hederae ; Park 1996; Paek et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2014; Kwon et al. 2016; Kwon & Kwon 2020, as Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) hederae ) (KNA, SNU).

Host plant. Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Siebold ex Bean (Araliaceae) ( Kwon 1983).

Comments. Five nominal species have been reported from Hedera L.: Cacopsylla hederae (from Japan and Korea), C. hederisuga Li & Yang, 1991 ( China) , C. guangxihederae Li & Yang, 1991 ( China) , C. toroenensis ( Kuwayama, 1908) ( Japan, Taiwan) and Psylla formosana Yang, 1984 (Taiwan) . Kuwayama (1908) described Psylla toroenensis from Taiwan on the basis of a single female. Miyatake (1964a), who studied the damaged holotype of P. toroenensis , reported the species also from Japan. In the same paper, Miyatake described P. hederae from Japan. According to this author, P. hederae and Japanese specimens referred to P. toroenensis differ in the forewing colour (flavescent in the former and transparent in the latter) and body size, although the terminalia are similar. Inoue (2003) observed in Japan that the two taxa, in the mean time transferred to Cacopsylla , coexist in the same locality but at different seasons, indicating that the two are seasonal forms: C. hederae in spring and summer, and C. toroenensis sensu Miyatake in autumn and winter. The presence of seasonal dimorphism is supported by our observations from Korea. We therefore consider the two forms conspecific following Inoue (2003). Inoue (2010) further suggested that the Taiwanese Psylla formosana is perhaps a synonym of C. toroenensis . We have examined paratypes of the former (NHMB) which differ from Korean material of C. hederae in the length and shape of the genal processes, the presence of a dark apex of the clavus, the less densely spaced surface spinules on the forewing and, in the immatures, in the multilayered outer circumanal ring rather than consisting of a single row as in the Korean material. We conclude that there are two species involved, one in Japan and Korea with seasonal dimorphism, and one in Taiwan. We consider the report of C. toroenensis from Japan by Miyatake (1964a) a misidentification of C. hederae . We have not seen the damaged holotype of C. toroenensis but assume that it is a senior synonym of P. formosana .

Cacopsylla hederisuga and C. quangxihederae were described from the same locality, collected at the same date and on the same host ( China, Guangzhou, Jinxiudayaoshan, 800 m, 13.vi.1982, Hedera sinensis (Tobler) Hand. - Mazz. [F. Li]). According to the original description, the two species differ from each other in body size and colour, and differ from C. hederae in body size and the length of the genal process suggesting they may be similar to the Taiwanese C. toroenensis and P. formosana . For elucidating the identity of the Chinese and Taiwanese taxa more material including relevant types should be examined.

Figures

FIGURES 94‒101. Habitus. 94. Cacopsylla fulguralis, adult male. 95. Cacopsylla fulguralis, adult female. 96. Cacopsylla hederae, adult male. 97. Cacopsylla hederae, adult female. 98. Cacopsylla jukyungi, adult male winter form. 99. Cacopsylla jukyungi, adult female summer form. 100. Cacopsylla jukyungi, fifth instar immature. 101. Cacopsylla lineaticeps, teneral adult female. (Photos 98–99 from Cho et al. (2017b), 101 from Cho et al. (2017a))