Homoneura (Homoneura) henanensis, Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

Gao, Xuefeng & Shi, Li, 2019, Nine new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling mountains in China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), Zootaxa 4608 (3), pp. 401-432 : 402-404

Key to separate forty species in the Homoneura (Homoneura) henanensis group

[Modified from Shi et al., 2017, inserting the nine new species into the key]

1. Wing with brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 slightly elongating to costal margin (see Shatalkin, 2000: fig. 28); surstylus claviform with 3 long setulae, postgonite long coniform with 5 short setulae (see Sasakawa, 1982: fig. 4)................................................................................................... H. (H.) hirayamae (Matsumura)

- Wing without brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 ................................................................ 2

2. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu ( Fig. 7 )............................ 3

- Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu ( Fig. 40 )........................... 9

3. Palpus yellow except for black at tip; surstylus broad, sheet-like with short apical setulae in lateral view and curved apically in posterior view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 92, 94)................................ H. (H.) dadongshanica Shi & Yang

- Palpus entirely yellow; surstylus not as above............................................................... 4

4. Subcostal cell hyaline or pale yellow...................................................................... 5

- Subcostal cell brown apically............................................................................ 6

5. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; ctenidium with 14 short setae on fore femur; surstylus with a small acute teethlike process in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2004a: Fig. 8 )............................... H. (H.) brevis Gao & Yang

- Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 10 rows ( Fig. 4 ); ctenidium with 17 short setae on fore femur; surstylus long and furcated in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ).................................................. H. (H.) anadequata sp. nov.

6. Arista with longest ray slightly shorter than 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere ( Fig. 26 ); mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 6 rows ( Fig. 27 ); surstylus with a small triangluar process with several setulae in lateral view ( Fig. 30 )....................................................................................... H. (H.) dagupingensis sp. nov.

- Arista with longest ray almost as long as height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 8−10 rows; surstylus not as above.................................................................................. 7

7. Arista with longest ray shorter than height of 1st flagellomere; ctenidium with 19 short setae on fore femur; surstylus consisting of a wide knife-like process with many short ventral hairs and a triangular process, incurved apically ( Shi et al., 2017: figs 35, 39)....................................................................... H. (H.) stepheni Shi, Gao & Shen

- Arista with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere; ctenidium with 11−16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus not as above............................................................................................... 8

8. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 10 rows; ctenidium with 13−16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus short and broad, with a row of long apical setulae ( Shi et al., 2017: figs 5, 9)................. H. (H.) jiangxiensis Shi, Gao & Shen

- Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 8 rows ( Fig. 82 ); ctenidium with 10−11 short setae on fore femur; surstylus with a short bar-like process in lateral view and a subapical concavity ( Fig. 87 )............. H. (H.) similicurvata sp. nov.

9. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of apical spot on R 4+5; apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu or at least 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ................................................ 10

- Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 4+5 behind vertical level of apical spot on R 2+3; apical spot on R 4+5 far from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu and shorter than 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ........................................... 13

10. Apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus acute apically in lateral view; pregonite absent; postgonite consisting of a bifurcated process and a subuliform process in ventral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 102, 105)............................................. H. (H.) denticulata Shi & Yang

- Apical spot on R 4+5 about 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1, not close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 12- 14 short setae on fore femur; surstylus blunt apically in lateral view, pregonite with a reverse U-shaped process and postgonite consisting a pair of subuliform processes in ventral view..................................................... 11

11. Hypandrium with a short ventral process; pregonite with a pair of reverse U-shaped process in ventral view; postgonite short subuliform, but pregonite longer than postgonite in ventral view............................................... 12

- Hypandrium with a long ventral process; shape of pregonite and postgonite as above, but pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 198, 199)............................. H. (H.) pseudograndis Papp & Gaimari

12. Phallus with a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite asymmetrical distinctly (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 258, 259)............................................. H. (H.) simigrandis Shi & Yang

- Phallus without a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite almost symmetrical in length (see Papp & Gaimari, 2013: fig. 14)............................................ H. (H.) grandis (Kertész)

13. Wing with brown string-like spot on R 2+3 and apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1; epandrium slender and surstylus acute apically with a long seta in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2003: figs 6, 7)........................... H. (H.) curvispina Gao & Yang

- Wing with round, elliptical or quadrate spot on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1, not as above; epandrium and surstylus not as above..... 14

14. Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely confluent, or slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 .............................................................. 15

- Wing with brown apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1 confluent, separated from apical spot on R 2+3, or apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated.................................................................................... 18

15. Brown medial spot on R 4+5 separated from brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 16

- Brown medial spot on R 4+5 confluent with brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 17

16. Body length 8.6 mm; basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; a large rectangular spot on R 4+5, at middle point of distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu (see Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2001: fig. 13); only female known...................................................................... H. (H.) yaromi Yang, Hu & Zhu

- Body length 5.7–6.3 mm; basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; a small round or quadrate spot on R 4+5, slightly beyond middle point of distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu ( Shi, Gao & Shen, 2017: figs 13, 14); both female and male known............................................ H. (H.) martini Shi, Gao & Shen

17. Antennal 1st flagellomere brown except for yellow base; fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; hypandrium circular; surstylus wide claviform with two apical setulae in posterior view (see Gao & Yang, 2002: fig. 4)....................................................................................................... H. (H.) guizhouensis Gao & Yang

- Antennal 1st flagellomere entirely yellow; fore femur with 6 posteroventral setae; hypandrium semicircular; surstylus consisting of a triangular outer process and a short claviform inner process in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2005a: fig. 20). H. (H.) yangi Gao & Yang

18. Wing with brown apical spot on R 4+5 and M 1 slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between two apical spots; apical spot on R 2+3 distinctly separated from apical spot on R 4+5 ........................................... 19

- Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated............................................ 30

19. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows............................................................. 20

- Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6–8 rows............................................................ 22

20. Subcostal cell brown apically; abdominal tergites 2–5 without pale brown posterior margin; surstylus not as above....... 21

- Subcostal cell hyaline; abdominal tergites 2–5 with pale brown posterior margin; postgonite not extending to apical tip of phallus in ventral view; surstylus bulged claviform, with long setulae in lateral view (see Yang et al, 2001: figs 7–9)................................................................................... H. (H.) bispinalis Yang, Hu & Zhu

21. Surstylus T-shaped and rounded apically in lateral view (see Yang et al, 2003: fig. 29-801B).................................................................................................. H. (H.) fujianensis Yang, Zhu & Hu

- Surstylus short claviform in lateral view and curved upward apically in posterior view (see Gao & Yang, 2004a: figs 38, 40)............................................................................ H. (H.) tianeensis Gao & Yang

22. Abdomen yellow or pale brown, at least tergites 2–5 with black or brown posterior margin.......................... 23

- Abdomen yellow, tergites 1–6 without brown posterior margin................................................ 24

23. Arista with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere; abdomen pale brown; surstylus straight claviform in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2002: fig. 14)..................................................... H. (H.) serrata Gao & Yang

- Arista with longest ray as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere ( Fig. 37 ); abdomen yellow ( Fig. 39 ); surstylus long subuliform in posteror view ( Fig. 41 )......................................................... H. (H.) longiacutata sp. nov.

24. Mid femur with 5 anterior setae......................................................................... 25

- Mid femur with 4 anterior setae......................................................................... 27

25. Arista with longest ray as long as 4/5 height of 1st flagellomere ( Fig. 48 ); mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6 rows ( Fig. 49 ); surstylus long and curved at apex in lateral view ( Fig. 52 )............................ H. (H.) longicurva sp. nov.

- Arista with longest ray as long as or slightly shorter than height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; surstylus not as above............................................................................ 26

26. Ctenidium with 12 short setae on fore femur; surstylus consisting of a small acute apical process, directed downward and a slender knife-like process with dense setulae on dorsal margin in lateral view (see Yang et al., 1999: fig. 2)....................................................................................... H. (H.) henanensis Yang, Zhu & Hu

- Ctenidium with 15−17 short setae on fore femur; surstylus long claviform in lateral view with1–2 long setulae and a few of short hairs (see Shi et al., 2017: fig. 24)........................................... H. (H.) pangae Shi, Gao & Shen

27. Wing with a brown spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 distinctly or slightly confluent with brown spot on crossvein dmcu; surstylus claviform or digitiform..................................................................... 28

- Wing with a brown quadrate spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 separated from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; surstylus not as above........................................................................................ 29

28. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus absent; pregonite short, broad and acute apically in ventral view; postgonite consisting of a furcated process and a slender subuliform process in ventral view (see Yang et al., 2001: fig. 12)................................................................ H. (H.) curvispinosa Yang, Hu & Zhu

- Ctenidium with 13 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus digitiform with long setulae in lateral view; pregonite and postgonite furcated apically, pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view (see Yang et al., 1999: fig. 15).................................................................................... H. (H.) zonalis Yang, Zhu & Hu

29. Fore femur with 3 posteroventral setae; epandrium blunt triangular apically; surstylus separated from epandrium and originated from anterior ventral corner of epandrium, with dense tiny setulae on apical 2/3 (see Shi & Yang, 2014: fig. 300).................................................................................. H. (H.) tianjingshanica Shi & Yang

- Fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; epandrium and surstylus fused, blunt round apically (see Yang et al., 2001: fig. 2)......................................................................... H. (H.) tianmushana Yang, Hu & Zhu

30. Ctenidium with 17–19 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur............................................. 31

- Ctenidium with 11–16 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur.............................................. 32

31. The 1st flagellomere about 1.8 times longer than high; surstylus narrow columnar in lateral view and broad with tiny setulae in posterior view; postgonites triangular with sharp apex in lateral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 327, 329)....................................................................................... H. (H.) zhangjiajiensis Shi & Yang

- The 1st flagellomere about 2.3 times longer than high ( Fig. 15 ); surstylus light color and narrow at base while dark yellow and broad at apex, nearly trapeziform with two long setulae in lateral view; postgonite hook-like in lateral view ( Fig. 19 )...................................................................................... H. (H.) bicolorata sp. nov.

32. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; pregonite and postgonite long subuliform in ventral view, if ctenidium with 16 short setae, pregonite and postgonite short triangular in lateral view............................. 33

- Ctenidium with 11–14 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; pregonite and postgonite not as above.............. 35

33. Surstylus without a sharp or triangular process, but blunt round at apex and slightly rolled up with several setulae in lateral view ( Fig. 63 )..................................................................... H. (H.) miaoae sp. nov. (Part)

- Surstylus with a sharp or triangular process and not as above in lateral view...................................... 34

34. Surstylus very broad ball-like with a triangular process apically in lateral view; hypandrium H-shaped; phallus acute subapically in lateral view (see Wang et al, 2012: figs 30–33)........................ H. (H.) kuankuoshuiensis Wang & Yang

- Surstylus narrow, acute apically in lateral view; hypandrium Y-shaped; phallus blunt round subapically in lateral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 66, 70).......................................................... H. (H.) chinensis Malloch

35. Subcostal cell hyaline or pale yellow apically.............................................................. 36

- Subcostal cell dark apically............................................................................ 39

36. Arista with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows; surstylus consisting of a slender knife-shaped process and a furcated process with several setulae on subapical and apical margin and a small tooth on lateral margin in lateral view (see Wang et al, 2012: fig. 18)........................ H. (H.) caoi Wang & Yang

- Arista with longest ray at least as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6−8 rows; sur- stylus not as above................................................................................... 37

37. Syntergosternite 7+8 elliptic without sternal part flat; surstylus broad and margined apically in lateral view ( Fig. 74 ).................................................................................. H. (H.) platimarginata sp. nov.

- Syntergosternite 7+8 circular, but with sternal part flat; surstylus not as above.................................... 38

38. Surstylus yellow, blunt round at apex and slightly rolled up in lateral view ( Fig. 63 ).......... H. (H.) miaoae sp. nov. (Part)

- Surstylus pale brown, with a hyaline rectangular area in lateral view ( Fig. 99 )................ H. (H.) spectabilis sp. nov.

39. Mid femur with 5 anterior setae; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; surstylus wide claviform, truncate apically, without acute apical process in lateral view; postgonite wide triangular, constricted apically and curved upward in ventral view (see Yang et al., 1999: fig. 9)................................................... H. (H.) curvata Yang, Zhu & Hu

- Mid femur with 4 or 6–8 anterior setae; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows............................. 40

40. A brown elliptical spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5; mid femur with 6–8 anterior setae; surstylus curved knifelike, acute apically in lateral view; postgonite longer than phallus, long subuliform, curved forward apically in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2004a: figs 32, 35)................................................. H. (H.) longispina Gao & Yang

- A brown square spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5; mid femur with 4 anterior setae; surstylus short, triangular and acutate apically, with several long setae on dorsal margin and a row of short setulae on ventral margin in lateral view; both pregonite and postgonite short subuliform, about half length of phallus in ventral view (see Yang et al, 1999: figs 4–6)......

Figures

FIGURES 1–7. Homoneura (Homoneura) anadaequata sp. nov. Paratype male. 1. habitus, lateral view; 2–3. head, anterior and lateral view; 4. thorax, dorsal view; 5–6. abdomen, dorsal and lateral view; 7. wing.

FIGURES 35–40. Homoneura (Homoneura) longiacutata sp. nov. Paratype male. 35. habitus, lateral view; 36–37. head, anterior and lateral view; 38. thorax, dorsal view; 39. abdomen, lateral view; 40. wing.

FIGURES 8–12. Homoneura (Homoneura) anadaequata sp. nov. Paratype male genitalia. 8. epandrial complex, lateral view; 9. epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. syntergosternite, anterior view; 11. phallus complex, ventral view; 12. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 24–29. Homoneura (Homoneura) dagupingensis sp. nov. Paratype male. 24. habitus, lateral view; 25–26. head, anterior and lateral view; 27. thorax, dorsal view; 28. abdomen, lateral view; 29. wing.

FIGURES 30–34. Homoneura (Homoneura) dagupingensis sp. nov. Paratype male genitalia. 30. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 31. epandrial complex, posterior view; 32. syntergosternite, anterior view; 33. phallus complex, ventral view; 34. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 79–86. Homoneura (Homoneura) similicurvata sp. nov. Paratype male. 79. habitus, lateral view; 80–81. head, anterior and lateral view; 82. thorax, dorsal view; 83–84. abdomen, dorsal and lateral view; 85 abdominal terigtes 6–9, lateral view; 86. wing.

FIGURES 87–91. Homoneura (Homoneura) similicurvata sp. nov. Paratype male genitalia. 87. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 88. epandrial complex, posterior view; 89. syntergosternite, anterior view; 90. phallus complex, ventral view; 91. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 41–45. Homoneura (Homoneura) longiacutata sp. nov. Paratype male genitalia. 41. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 42. epandrial complex, posterior view; 43. syntergosternite, anterior view; 44. phallus complex, ventral view; 45. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 46–51. Homoneura (Homoneura) longicurva sp. nov. Holotype male. 46. habitus, lateral view; 47–48. head, anterior and lateral view; 49. thorax, dorsal view; 50. abdominal tergites 4–9, lateral view; 51. wing.

FIGURES 52–56. Homoneura (Homoneura) longicurva sp. nov. Holotype male genitalia. 52. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 53. epandrial complex, posterior view; 54. syntergosternite, anterior view; 55. phallus complex, ventral view; 56. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 13–18. Homoneura (Homoneura) bicolorata sp. nov. Holotype male. 13. habitus, lateral view; 14–15. head, anterior and lateral view; 16. thorax, dorsal view; 17. abdominal tergites 6–9, lateral view; 18. wing.

FIGURES 19–23. Homoneura (Homoneura) bicolorata sp. nov. Holotype male genitalia. 19. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 20. epandrial complex, posterior view; 21. syntergosternite, anterior view; 22. phallus complex, ventral view; 23. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 63–67. Homoneura (Homoneura) miaoae sp. nov. Paratype male genitalia. 63. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 64. epandrial complex, posterior view; 65. syntergosternite, anterior view; 66. phallus complex, ventral view; 67. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 74–78. Homoneura (Homoneura) platimarginata sp. nov. Holotype male genitalia. 74. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 75. epandrial complex, posterior view; 76. syntergosternite, anterior view; 77. phallus complex, ventral view; 78. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.

FIGURES 99–103. Homoneura (Homoneura) spectabilis sp. nov. Paratype male genitalia. 99. syntergosternite and epandrial complex, lateral view; 100. epandrial complex, posterior view; 101. syntergosternite, anterior view; 102. phallus complex, ventral view; 103. phallus complex, lateral view. Scale bar=0.1 mm.