Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909

Prószyński, Jerzy, Lissner, Jørgen & Schäfer, Michael, 2018, Taxonomic survey of the genera Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys and Talavera, with description of Euochin gen. n. (Araneae: Salticidae) and with proposals of a new research protocol *, Ecologica Montenegrina 18, pp. 26-74 : 65-70

Gen. Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909

Figures 26-29

Type species. Icius minutus Banks, 1895 [= Talavera minuta (Banks, 1895) ].

Documentation studied. Literature data, especially diagnostic drawings, and macrophotographs, preliminarily collected in Prószyński (2016a) - http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q10-Tala.html), complemented by the newest data.

Diagnosis. Resembling Euophrys (see above), from which differs by not coiled embolus ( Figs 22C , 27-29 ). Spermathecae ball shaped, with extremely thin, thread like copulatory ducts running anterior-ward (Figs 77- 29). Body squat ( Fig. 26 ) and very small (about 2-3 mm), color pattern uniform with spaced and thin light scales sitting on uniform dark tegument.

Remarks. Technically Talavera disagrees with the most important, cornerstone character of the group of genera EUOPHRYINES - that is have no coiled embolus, instead it has almost straight embolus (often strongly reduced in size - see series of SEM photographs by Logunov and Kronestedt, 2003, shown here at Figs 27 , 28 , 29 ). Because other diagnostic characters agree (ball shaped spermathecae with delicate ducts, membranous "windows" in epigyne) and embolus is sitting atop inflatable haematodocha ( Figs 29 N-P) Talavera is considered atypical EUOPHRYINES with modified embolus.

Description. Very small spiders (about 2-3 mm) of average body shape, shown on Fig. 26 , palps and internal structure of epigyne shown on Figs 27-29 . Color pattern is unique and consist of uniform, spaced small scales distributed uniformly over dark body ( Fig. 26 ).

Remarks. Whereabouts of specimens of Talavera specimens kept in major collection of the world is given by Prószyński (1971: 404-408) (labeled as Euophrys ) 10.

Distribution. Palaearctic Region, with single species in North America.

Composition. Type species: Talavera minuta (Banks, 1895) ( Figs 22B, E , 26 D-E, 27A-E). Other following species included: T. aequipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) ( Figs 3-K , 22B , 27 F-H), T. aperta (Miller, 1971) ( Figs 22B, E , 28 C-E), T. esyunini Logunov, 1992 ( Figs 29 E-F), T. ikedai Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003 ( Figs 29 H-I), T. inopinata Wunderlich, 1993 ( Fig. 27 M-P), T. krocha Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003 ( Fig. 28 I-J), T. logunovi Kovblyuk & Kastrygina, 2015 ( Figs 28 F-H), T. milleri (Brignoli, 1983) . (Figs 229K-L), T. monticola (Kulczyński, 1884) ( Figs 29 A-D), T. parvistyla Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003 ( Figs 22B , 28 J-M), T. thorelli (Kulczyński, 1891) ( Figs 22B, E , 28 A-B), T. trivittata (Schenkel, 1963) , ( Figs 27 I-L), T. tuvensis Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003 ( Figs 29J ). 14 species. 10 " Talavera" petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) is already transferred to the genus Euophrys (see above Figs 3 A-E, 4H, 6A, 7E).

SOURCES: A-B - Prószyński (1990p). Private preprint. C - Paquin P., Duperre N. 2003. Fabreries, Suppl. 11: 203, f 2270-2272., D - drawings by W. P. Maddison., E - Logunov Kronestedt 2003. J. Natural History, 2003, F-P - Logunov & Kronestedt 2003. J. Natural History (2003). All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

SOURCES: A-E, I, J - Logunov & Kronestedt (2003). J. Natural History, 2003, F-H - Kovblyuk & Kastrygina (2015) Arthropoda Selecta 24(2): 201-205, I, J - Logunov & Kronestedt (2003), Żabka (1997), K -M - Logunov & Kronestedt (2003). J. Natural History, 2003. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

SOURCES: A-B - Chvátalová & Buchar (2002). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 66: 3-11, C-P - Logunov & Kronestedt (2003). J. Natural History, 2003. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Appendix - overdue nomenclatorical correction

Figures

Figure 3. Cornerstone characters of the group of genera EUOPHRYINES on example of Euophrys petrensis (A-E) and, key characters of European genera (F-W) including their Chinese relative (U-W), and of a genus of uncertain placement (X-Y). A - Euophrys petrensis expanded palp, B-C - same, curled embolus - SEM, D - same, epigyne, ventral view, SEM, E - same, spermathecae and ducts, dorsal view, SEM). Comparison of genitalic characters of genera (F-K, W-X - males, L-V, Y - females), F - Euophrys frontalis, palp, G - Pseudeuophrys erratica, H - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, I - Talavera minuta,, J - Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868), K - Chalcoscirtus infimus [?] (Simon, 1868), L-M - Euophrys frontalis, N - Talavera minuta, O - Pseudeuophrys erratica, P - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, Q-S- Chalcoscirtus infimus[?], T - Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868), U-W - Chinese relative Euochin atrata gen. n., X-Y - Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853) - possibly belonging to EUODENINES group of genera.

Figure 22. Diversity of main diagnostic characters in three genera: Euophrys, Talavera and Pseudeuophrys. A - Euophrys spp. spermathecae, B - Talavera spp. spermathecae, C- Pseudeuophrys spp. spermathecae, D - Euophrys spp. palps, E - Talavera spp. palps, F - Pseudeuophrys spp. palps.

Figure 26. Habitus diversity in Talavera. A -Talavera aequipes - male, B - Talavera aequipes - female, C - Talavera aperta, D - Talavera minuta - male, E - Talavera minuta - female. SOURCES: A, C -- ©Photo by M. Schäfer https://kleinesganzgross.de/gallery.php, B - ©Photo by Rudolf Macek https://arachnology.cz/druh/talavera-aequipes-686.html?jazyk=en, D - ©Photo by John Rosenfeld https://bugguide.net/user/view/64126, E - ©Photo by D. Walton, Naturnal History Services http://www.tkwalton.com. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Figure 27. Diagnostic characters diversity in Talavera (part I). A-E - Talavera minuta, F-H - Talavera aequipes, I-L - Talavera trivittata, M-P - Talavera inopinata.

Figure 28. Diagnostic characters diversity in Talavera (part II). A-B - Talavera thorelli, C-E - Talavera aperta, F-H - Talavera logunovi, I -- Talavera krocha (male?), J-M - Talavera parvistyla (J - same by Żabka, K-M - same by Logunov et al., L-M - deeper analysis by SEM, M - fine details of embolar region, M - spermatheca - dorsal view).

Figure 29. Diagnostic characters diversity in Talavera (part III). A-D - Talavera monticola, E-G - Talavera esyunini, H-I - Talavera ikedai, J - Talavera tuvensis, K-L - Talavera milleri, M - Talavera sharlaa, N-P - palp structure in Talavera aeqquipes (N - expanded palp, O - tip of distal haematodocha, P - translucent spermophor loop - lateral view [DH - distal haematodocha, BS - basal haematodocha, E - embolus].