Pseudeuophrys Dahl, 1912

Prószyński, Jerzy, Lissner, Jørgen & Schäfer, Michael, 2018, Taxonomic survey of the genera Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys and Talavera, with description of Euochin gen. n. (Araneae: Salticidae) and with proposals of a new research protocol *, Ecologica Montenegrina 18, pp. 26-74 : 60

Gen. Pseudeuophrys Dahl, 1912

Figures 23-25

Type species. Pseudeuophrys erratica (Walckenaer, 1826) .

Documentation studied. Literature data, especially diagnostic drawing, and macrophotographs, preliminarily collected in Prószyński (2016a) - http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q10-Pseudeuo.html), complemented by the newest data.

Diagnosis. Resembling Euophrys (see above), from which differs by coil of embolus hidden behind anterior edge of bulbus, with only tip of embolus protruding, or by higher anterior part of the embolus coil, which makes central space, inside of embolus coil, looking depressed within coil of embolus ( Figs 22F , 25 ). Spermathecae elongate oval, or bean shaped, often slightly constricted, with copulatory ducts relatively broad, running transversally, but in P. iwatensis anterior-ward ( Figs 25B 1 ) (in Euophrys and Talavera spermathecae are ball shaped, with ducts distinctly thinner, running anteriorly ( Figs 22C 1 , 27B, H, L , 28 , 29 ).

Description. Small spiders of average body shape, recognizable by coloration ( Figs 23-24 ), by palps and internal structure of epigyne ( Figs 22 , 25 , see also - http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q10- Pseudeuo.html). In difference to Euophrys , dorsal color pattern in males is richer and consists of white scales contrasting with background of brown or blackish scales (with reddish or golden hue). White scales on abdomen may be either concentrated into pairs of small spots, or discrete short white lines dorso-marginally ( Figs 23 A-D), they may also form less dense white assemblages along median abdominal streak (consisting of diamonds and bars), on eye field and on dorsal surface of thorax ( Figs 23 E-H). Comparable patterns occur in females ( Fig. 24 ). After color scales are rub off, bald, black, tegument is left. Frontal color pattern is comparable with Euophrys , but less flamboyant (compare Figs 23 with those on Fig. 4 G-J), in females even more subdued ( Fig. 24 ).

Composition. Type species: Pseudeuophrys erratica (Walckenaer, 1826) ( Figs 22C, F , 23 A-B, 24A, 25A-A1). Other species included are: P. iwatensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987) ( Figs 22C, F , 25 B-B1), P. lanigera (Simon, 1871) ( Figs 22C, F , 23H , 24B , 25E ), P. nebrodensis Alicata & Cantarella, 2000 ( Figs 25H ), P. obsoleta (Simon, 1868) ( Figs 22C, F , 23 C-D, 24C, 25C, P. pascualis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) ( Fig. 25D ), P. perdifumo van Helsdingen, 2015 ( Figs 25 I-K, N-P), P. talassica ( Logunov, 1997) - comb. n., ( Fig. 25F ), P. vafra (Blackwall, 1867) ( Figs 22C, F , 2 3 E-F, 2 4D, 2 5G, L-M). 9 species.

Catalogue of Pseudeuophrys (as Euophrys ) specimens kept in major collection of the world is given by Prószyński (1971: 404-408).

Figures

Figure 1. New protocol of macrophotographic diagnostic documentation by Arnaud Henrard, here on example of live Euophrys frontalis. It includes three views of both male (A-C) and female (H-I) specimens, two position of palps (F-G) and two views of epigyne (K-L), with some additional views (E, M-N), D - demonstrates disappearance of white setae and hairs in alcohol (compare live specimen at A), J - demonstrates changes of color pattern caused by preservation in alcohol.

Figure 2. Standard taxonomic definitions, as used in 1928-1971. 1-2 - Roewer. (1928). Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas,. A- D - Locket& Millidge. (1951). British spiders - the best at that time, E - Miller (1971). Pavouci-Araneida. [Personal comment: the above keys were used by J. Prószyński while working on his MSc Thesis.

Figure 3. Cornerstone characters of the group of genera EUOPHRYINES on example of Euophrys petrensis (A-E) and, key characters of European genera (F-W) including their Chinese relative (U-W), and of a genus of uncertain placement (X-Y). A - Euophrys petrensis expanded palp, B-C - same, curled embolus - SEM, D - same, epigyne, ventral view, SEM, E - same, spermathecae and ducts, dorsal view, SEM). Comparison of genitalic characters of genera (F-K, W-X - males, L-V, Y - females), F - Euophrys frontalis, palp, G - Pseudeuophrys erratica, H - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, I - Talavera minuta,, J - Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868), K - Chalcoscirtus infimus [?] (Simon, 1868), L-M - Euophrys frontalis, N - Talavera minuta, O - Pseudeuophrys erratica, P - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, Q-S- Chalcoscirtus infimus[?], T - Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868), U-W - Chinese relative Euochin atrata gen. n., X-Y - Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853) - possibly belonging to EUODENINES group of genera.

Figure 4. Color pattern diversity in Euophrys and some other European genera. A - Euophrys frontalis male and female in nuptial dance, B - E. frontalis, male frontal and dorsal view (compare with - D - presence of white palpal mane may be misleading), C - E. gambosa, male frontal and dorsal view, D - white palpal mane in Hasarius adansoni is comparable with Euophrys frontalis (see Fig. 4B) [correction of misinformation in Prószyński. (2018a: 17)., E - E. pseudogambosa, F -Pseudeuophrys erratica, male, F1 -Pseudeuophrys vafra, female, G - E. sulfurea, male and female, frontal and dorsal views, H - E. petrensis, I - E. terrestris, J - E. rufibarbis, K - Talavera aequipes, L - Saitis barbipes - (note differences with Euophrys spp.: legs I & II thin, legs III thickened, with strikingly black "bottle-brush" of longer setae, tarsus III white), M - Chalcoscirtus infimus.

Figure 22. Diversity of main diagnostic characters in three genera: Euophrys, Talavera and Pseudeuophrys. A - Euophrys spp. spermathecae, B - Talavera spp. spermathecae, C- Pseudeuophrys spp. spermathecae, D - Euophrys spp. palps, E - Talavera spp. palps, F - Pseudeuophrys spp. palps.

Figure 23. Habitus and other diagnostic characters of diversity in males of Pseudeuophrys. A-B - Pseudeuophrys erratica, C-D - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, E-F - Pseudeuophrys vafra, H Pseudeuophrys lanigera.

Figure 24. Habitus and other diagnostic characters of diversity in females of Pseudeuophrys. A - Pseudeuophrys erratica, B - Pseudeuophrys lanigera, C - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, D - Pseudeuophrys vafra.

Figure 25. Diagnostic characters diversity in Pseudeuophrys. A-A1 - Pseudeuophrys erratica, B-B1 - Pseudeuophrys iwatensis, C - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, D - Pseudeuophrys pascualis, E - Pseudeuophrys lanigera, F - Pseudeuophrys talassica (Logunov, 1997) - comb. n., G, L-M - Pseudeuophrys vafra, H - Pseudoeuophrys nebrodensis, I-K, N-P - Pseudeuophrys perdifumo.

Figure 27. Diagnostic characters diversity in Talavera (part I). A-E - Talavera minuta, F-H - Talavera aequipes, I-L - Talavera trivittata, M-P - Talavera inopinata.

Figure 28. Diagnostic characters diversity in Talavera (part II). A-B - Talavera thorelli, C-E - Talavera aperta, F-H - Talavera logunovi, I -- Talavera krocha (male?), J-M - Talavera parvistyla (J - same by Żabka, K-M - same by Logunov et al., L-M - deeper analysis by SEM, M - fine details of embolar region, M - spermatheca - dorsal view).

Figure 29. Diagnostic characters diversity in Talavera (part III). A-D - Talavera monticola, E-G - Talavera esyunini, H-I - Talavera ikedai, J - Talavera tuvensis, K-L - Talavera milleri, M - Talavera sharlaa, N-P - palp structure in Talavera aeqquipes (N - expanded palp, O - tip of distal haematodocha, P - translucent spermophor loop - lateral view [DH - distal haematodocha, BS - basal haematodocha, E - embolus].