Euochin, Prószyński & Lissner & Schäfer, 2018

Prószyński, Jerzy, Lissner, Jørgen & Schäfer, Michael, 2018, Taxonomic survey of the genera Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys and Talavera, with description of Euochin gen. n. (Araneae: Salticidae) and with proposals of a new research protocol *, Ecologica Montenegrina 18, pp. 26-74 : 55-57

Gen. Euochin gen. n. - Prószyński, 2018

Figures 19-20

Type species Euophrys atrata Song & Chai, 1992 .

Documentation studied: original diagnostic photos and drawing ( Figs 19 & 20 ).

Etymology: name coined of parts of words Euo [-phrys] and Chin [-a] related to the genus these species were originally placed in, and the country of their occurrence.

Remarks. Excellent color macrophotographs and drawings, provided by the original authors ( Figs 19-20 ), perfectly illustrate features of species transferred here to the newly delimited genus Euochin , as well as their differences with rich diversity of all recognizable species of Euophrys ( Figs 1-18 ) and type species of related genera. Original descriptions of these China living species provides additional help to taxonomist able to read Chinese descriptions.

Diagnosis. Main diagnostic character of this genus are oval shape of spermathecae, elongate along their longitudinal axes, and shape and position of their short and straight ducts, arising antero-medially from spermathecae ( Figs 19C, G ), their features reflects on superficial appearance of their epigyne. Palps confront to genera type of these parts in EUOPHRYINES, with coil of embolus somewhat wider than in Euophrys and their center somewhat deeper. There is a dense layer of longer white setae in proximal half of dorsal surface of cymbium and distal edge of palpal tibia ( Figs 19B, F , 20 A-C). General appearance of body - with average proportions and cryptic coloration does not display any particular diagnostic characters ( Figs 19A, E ), frontal view of males is not documented. Placement of E. poloi in this genus requires more consideration.

Composition. Type species: Euochin atrata ( Song & Chai, 1992) comb. n. ( Figs 19 A-D, 20A, D). Other species: Euochin albopalpalis ( Bao & Peng, 2002) comb. n. ( Figs 19C ), E. bulbus ( Bao & Peng, 2002) comb. n., ( Figs 19 E-H, 20B, E), E. poloi ( Żabka, 1985) comb. n. ( Figs 20F- I ).

Species pending placement confirmation: Euophrys longyangensis Lei & Peng, 2012: 2 , f. 1a-b, 5a-e and E. robusta Lei & Peng, 2012: 4 , f. 2, 6a-c, both described from China in Oriental Insects.

SOURCES: All photos by Zha, S., Jin, C. & Zhang, F. (2014). Zootaxa 3779 (3): 369, 371, f. 1-22, ©Magnolia Press. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

SOURCES: A-B, D-E - Zha, S., Jin, C. & Zhang, F. (2014). Zootaxa 3779 (3): 369, 371, f. 1-22, ©Magnolia Press,, C - © Bao & Peng, 2002. Zoological Studies 41: 405, f. 6-10, F-H - ©Żabka, (1985) Annales Zoologici, 39: 219, f. 151-160. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

SOURCE: Żabka (1985). Annales Zoologici, 39: 219. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Figures

Figure 1. New protocol of macrophotographic diagnostic documentation by Arnaud Henrard, here on example of live Euophrys frontalis. It includes three views of both male (A-C) and female (H-I) specimens, two position of palps (F-G) and two views of epigyne (K-L), with some additional views (E, M-N), D - demonstrates disappearance of white setae and hairs in alcohol (compare live specimen at A), J - demonstrates changes of color pattern caused by preservation in alcohol.

Figure 2. Standard taxonomic definitions, as used in 1928-1971. 1-2 - Roewer. (1928). Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas,. A- D - Locket& Millidge. (1951). British spiders - the best at that time, E - Miller (1971). Pavouci-Araneida. [Personal comment: the above keys were used by J. Prószyński while working on his MSc Thesis.

Figure 3. Cornerstone characters of the group of genera EUOPHRYINES on example of Euophrys petrensis (A-E) and, key characters of European genera (F-W) including their Chinese relative (U-W), and of a genus of uncertain placement (X-Y). A - Euophrys petrensis expanded palp, B-C - same, curled embolus - SEM, D - same, epigyne, ventral view, SEM, E - same, spermathecae and ducts, dorsal view, SEM). Comparison of genitalic characters of genera (F-K, W-X - males, L-V, Y - females), F - Euophrys frontalis, palp, G - Pseudeuophrys erratica, H - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, I - Talavera minuta,, J - Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868), K - Chalcoscirtus infimus [?] (Simon, 1868), L-M - Euophrys frontalis, N - Talavera minuta, O - Pseudeuophrys erratica, P - Pseudeuophrys obsoleta, Q-S- Chalcoscirtus infimus[?], T - Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868), U-W - Chinese relative Euochin atrata gen. n., X-Y - Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853) - possibly belonging to EUODENINES group of genera.

Figure 4. Color pattern diversity in Euophrys and some other European genera. A - Euophrys frontalis male and female in nuptial dance, B - E. frontalis, male frontal and dorsal view (compare with - D - presence of white palpal mane may be misleading), C - E. gambosa, male frontal and dorsal view, D - white palpal mane in Hasarius adansoni is comparable with Euophrys frontalis (see Fig. 4B) [correction of misinformation in Prószyński. (2018a: 17)., E - E. pseudogambosa, F -Pseudeuophrys erratica, male, F1 -Pseudeuophrys vafra, female, G - E. sulfurea, male and female, frontal and dorsal views, H - E. petrensis, I - E. terrestris, J - E. rufibarbis, K - Talavera aequipes, L - Saitis barbipes - (note differences with Euophrys spp.: legs I & II thin, legs III thickened, with strikingly black "bottle-brush" of longer setae, tarsus III white), M - Chalcoscirtus infimus.

Figure 5. Habitus diversity in male Euophrys (part I) (frontal, lateral and dorsal views). A - Euophrys frontalis (type species), B - Euophrys sulfurea, C - E. herbigrada, D - E. innotata, E - E. sp. [nigritarsis?].

Figure 6. Habitus diversity in male Euophrys (part II) (frontal, lateral and dorsal views). A - Euophrys petrensis, B - E. canariensis, C - E. rufibarbis, D - E. nigripalpis, E - E. terrestris.

Figure 7. Comparison of diagnostic value of characters (frontal color pattern, internal structure of epigyne and palps) in nine species of Euophrys. A - Euophrys frontalis, B - E. sulfurea, C - E. herbigrada, D - E. innotata, E - E. petrensis, F - E. rufibarbis, G - E. terrestris, H - E. canariensis, I - Euophrys alticola.

Figure 8. Habitus diversity in female Euophrys (part I) = frontal, lateral and dorsal views. A - Euophrys frontalis (type species), B - E. sulfurea, C - E. innotata, D - E. nigritarsis.

Figure 9. Habitus diversity in female Euophrys (part II) (frontal, lateral and dorsal views). A - Euophrys canariensis, B - E. rufibarbis, C - E. nigripalpis.

Figure 10. Habitus diversity in selected species of Euophrys (males and females, mainly African) changed by preservation and storage in collections (A-L, M - colors changed by preservation in alcohol, N-O - lithographs from Lucas (1846)). A - Euophrys bifida, B - E. cochlea, C - E. elizabethae, D - E. gracilis, E - E. subtilis, F - E. recta, G - E. purcelli, H - E. falciger, I - E. limpopo, J - E. maseruensis, K - E. meridionalis, L - E. miranda, M - E. nana, N - E. nigromaculata, O - E. quadripunctata, P - a photo of live E. kataokai (from Japan).

Figure 11. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part II). A-E - Euophrys frontalis, F - E. sulphurea, G - E. evae, H-J - E. gambosa, K-L - E. cf. gambosa, M-N - E. pseudogambosa.

Figure 12. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part II). A - Euophrys acripes, B-C - E. monadnock, D - E. uralensis, E -- E. nearctica, F - E. catherinae, G - E. herbigrada, H-I - E. rufibarbis, J-K - E. terrestris, L - E. kirghizica, M - E. talassica.

Figure 13. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part III). Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part III). A - Euophrys kataokai, B - E. proszynskii, C- E. turkmenica, D - E. elizabethae, E - E. albimana, F - E. bifida, G - E. purcelli, H - E. gracilis, I - E. nigritarsis.

Figure 14. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part IV). A - Euophrys cochlea, B - E. convergentis, C - E. dhaulagirica, D - E. declivis, E - E. nangqianensis, F - E. everestensis, G - E. omnisuperstes, H-I - E. yulungensis. SOURCES: A - Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith (2014) Zootaxa 3789(1) 12, f. 18-33, B - Denis (1937b) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1936:: 1054, pl. 5, f. 6, C, H, I - Żabka (1980b) Senckenbergiana Biologica 60 365, f. 13-14; 363, f. 12, D - Prószyński (2009b) Arthropoda Selecta 18: 160, f. 32-33, E - Hu (2001) Henan Science and Technology Publishing House 383, f. 239.1-3, F-G -Wanless (1975) Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3(5) 134, f. 4-5, 9-11; 132, f. 1-3, 6-8. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used by their courtesy.

Figure 15. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part V). A - Euophrys difficilis (syn. E. recta), B - E. recta, C - E. flavoatra, D - E. limpopo, E - E. maseruensis, F - E. baliola, G - E. wenxianensis, H - E. nana, I- E. nepalica, J - E.[?, Saitis?] namulinensis, K - E. pulchella, L - E. kawkaban, M - Euophrys uphami.

Figure 16. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euophrys (part VI). A-B - Euophrys[?] bryophila, C -D - E. [?] kororensis, E, F - E. [?] wanyan, G-H - E. subtilis, I-J - E. falciger.

Figure 17. Diagnostic characters of "Euophrys" pending reclassification (part II). A1 -- Euophrys altera - syntype male, A2 - syntype female = Icius hamatus, A3 - facsimile of caption of the latter, B - “E." alticola, C - “E." albopatella, D - “E." bifoveolata, E1 -“E." banksi, E -“E." jirica, F -“E." patellaris, G -“E." miranda, G1 -“E." concolorata, H -“E." griswoldi, I1 - “E." megastyla, I - “E." cooki, J - “E." menemerellus, K - “E." newtoni, L - “E." melanoleucus, M - “E." sima, N - “E." testaceozonata, O - “E." vittata, P - “E." valens, Q - "E." alabardata, R - "E." ysobolii.

Figure 18. Separation of similar forms: A - Euophrys pseudogambosa A and B-C - E. pseudogambosa B, occurring in close geographical areas, is hampered by differences in style of diagnostic documentation and different preservation of specimens, photographs of live specimens helps in authentication 0f diagnostic drawings.

Figure 19. Habitus diversity in Euochin gen. n. A-D - Euochin atrata, E-H - Euochin bulbus (A - habitus, male - female, B, F - palps, C, G - epigyne and spermathecae, D, H -- coil of embolus, note minute traces of composite structure).

Figure 20. Diversity of diagnostic characters in Euochin gen. n. A, D - Euochin atrata, B, E - Euochin bulbus, C - Euochin albopalpalis, F-I - Euochin poloi (A-I - palp, epigyne, spermatheca, details of spermatheca).