Nothybus

Lonsdale, O. & Marshall, S. A., 2016, Revision of the family Nothybidae (Diptera: Schizophora), Zootaxa 4098 (1), pp. 1-42 : 11-12

Key to species of Nothybus

1. Wing with infuscated areas along distal quarters of R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5, and M 1, and along dm-cu and adjoining CuA 1 ( Fig. 67). R 1 with several apical setulae dorsally; ventral surface bare. Ventral half of face broadly and evenly convex, with large dark brown quadrate spot ( Fig. 11). Surstylus as long as wide, separate from epandrium; apical surstylar setae with swollen, rounded apices ( Figs 102, 103). Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Pahang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor), Papua New Guinea....................................................................................... N. longicollis (Walker)

- Wing with two or three clear iridescent spots between a partially darkened apical margin and a subapical transverse brown band ( Figs 68–78). R 1 bare dorsally; ventral surface often with minute setae. Ventral half of face with medial tubercle (usually dark) surrounded by white tomentum as in Fig. 38. Surstylus longer than wide, partially fused to epandrium; apical setae without swollen apex (eg. Fig. 96)........................................................................... 2

2. Wing with only two clear subapical spots, surrounded by fused brown apical and subapical bands ( Fig. 68). Fore basitarsomere with broad brown basal and sometimes apical regions several times longer than width of segment (Fig. 35).................................................................................................. N. biguttatus group… 3

- Wing with three clear subapical spots; brown apical and subapical bands separate ( Figs 69–78). Fore basitarsomere entirely white ( Figs 49, 54), or with a small dark basal band or spot that is never much longer than the width of the segment (Fig. 40)..................................................................................................... 4

3. Body relatively pale, medial stripe on scutum restricted to region between two rows of setulae, anepisternum and ketapisternum mostly yellow with narrow brown stripe, and abdominal tergites mostly yellowish-orange with dark markings posteromedially and along lateral margin ( Figs 31, 32). Setulae on presutural scutum in 8 regular, widely spaced rows, with lateral 2 rows on each side barely separated from medial 4 rows. Distribution: Laos............................... N. acrobates Frey

- Body darker, medial scutal stripe 4 rows of setulae across, anepisternum and katepisternum mostly brown, and abdominal tergites almost entirely dark brown (Figs 33, 35). Presutural scutum with medial 8 rows of setulae clearly separated from additional 2–3 rows on each side. Distribution: Indonesia (Java), Nepal, Vietnam...................... N. biguttatus Wulp

4. Wing with clear subapical spots arranged in a straight transverse line ( Figs 69–72), subapical cloud on vein CuA 1 usually distinct; pigment along apical margin usually evenly dark. Fore basitarsomere white, usually with basal dark brown band that is at least as long as the width of the tarsomere ( Fig. 43), or at least with dark ventrobasal setae. Labellum with dark, conspicuous lateromedial spot. Pregonite clavate apically ( Fig. 95). Distiphallus with long basal ribbon extending past distal margin of hypandrium, and with paired flagella arising from a dark apical club ( Figs 93, 95).................. N. kempi group … 5

- Clear subapical spots on wing not arranged in a straight line, but with the middle spot in cell r 4 + 5 displaced apically ( Figs 73– 78); subapical cloud on vein CuA 1 faded to absent; pigment along apical margin of wing usually faded or irregular, at least between veins. Fore basitarsomere entirely white (very limited orange or brown pigment is sometimes seen ventrobasally) (eg. Fig. 49). Labellum entirely pale or with faint brownish lateromedial infuscation. Pregonite narrow apically ( Figs 100, 120, 126). Distiphallus sometimes with a shorter, distally tapered basal ribbon not exceeding distal margin of hypandrium, and with paired flagella emerging from small apical swelling ( Figs 99, 100); N. sumatranus with broad distiphallus ( Figs 119, 120). … N. sumatranus group.................................................................................. 9

5. Wing with transverse brown stripe of uniform width from vein M 1 to costa, and not filling apex of cell r 1 (although some lighter mottling may be present); subapical cloud on vein CuA 1 extending into cell dm ( Fig. 69). Tergite 3 brown ( Fig. 43); tergite 4 usually dark brown, but if paler than tergites 3 and 5, still at least faintly tinted with brown. Anterior margin of surstylus mostly straight ( Fig. 91). Distribution: Burma, Eastern India (Assam, Meghalaya), Laos, Vietnam............ N. kempi (Brunetti)

- Wing with transverse brown band widened anteriorly and expanding to fill apical corner of cell r 1; subapical cloud on vein CuA 1 not entering cell dm ( Figs 70–72). Tergite 3 with orange mottling or a broad, faded pair of orange-tinted spots (sometimes wrapped under abdomen and difficult to see), sometimes entirely brown ( N. absens ; Figs 5, 6); tergite 4 bright yellowishorange, sometimes with thin brown stripe along margins ( Figs 37, 45). Anterior margin of surstylus strongly convex ( Figs 84, 86) or surstylus very narrow, higher than epandrium and with anterior margin shallowly concave basally ( Fig. 107)....... 6

6. Glossy facial spot large, broadly circular, not bound by tomentose band dorsally and with lateral tomentose region reduced to less than half width of glossy spot (Fig. 45). Subapical cloud on CuA 1 very small and round, closer to r-m than dm-cu ( Fig. 70). Male tergite 3 yellowish-orange with dark brown stripe along posterior margin. Tergite 5 entirely yellowish-orange in male (Fig. 45) and with black medial stripe in female. Pleuron without brown pigment. Surstylus very narrow, higher than epandrium ( Fig. 107). Distribution: Southern India............................................. N. procerus spec. nov.

- Glossy facial spot ( Fig. 38) smaller, usually enclosed by tomentose band dorsally and with lateral tomentose region at least half width of glossy spot. Subapical cloud on CuA 1 slightly darker, longer, ovate, and either closer to dm-cu or midway between rm and dm-cu ( Fig. 71). Male tergite 3 darker, either dark brown with one pair of lateral orange spots or with brown dorsomedial stripe ( Fig. 37). Tergite 5 either entirely black or with one pair of faded orange spots or stripes anteromedially. Pleuron with faded brownish stripe medially on anepisternum and katepisternum. Surstylus more than half as wide as, but not as high as epandrium ( Fig. 84)................................................................................ 7

7. Velvety anterolateral patches on frons confluent ( Figs 5, 6). Tergite 3 entirely brown. Distribution: southern China............................................................................................. N. absens spec. nov.

- Velvety anterolateral patches on frons separate ( Fig. 38). Tergite 3 brown with one pair of orange spots laterally that may be small ( Figs 37, 40, wrapped under abdomen and not visible laterally) or enlarged to united........................... 8

8. Abdominal tergites 2 and 3 entirely dark brown, with anterolateral corners of tergite 2 and one pair of small faded spots on tergite 3 paler. Eight irregular rows of presutural acrostichal setulae in medial patch ( Fig. 36). Surstylus with basal half strongly convex ( Fig. 84). Hypandrium with halves broadly separated and shallowly lobate dorsolaterally. Apex of pregonite

simple, lobate, pointed distally. Distribution: Laos, Thailand................................. N. cataractus spec. nov. - Abdominal tergites 2 and 3 both orange sublaterally (may only be visible in lateral view), orange region sometimes expanded and dorsum of tergites brown to irregularly light brown. Six rows of presutural acrostichal setulae in medial patch (Fig. 39). Surstylus with basal 4 / 5 shallowly convex (Fig. 86). Hypandrium with halves closely approximated ventrally and more broadly lobate laterally. Apex of progonite broader, slightly angled dorsally and with anteroventral margin strongly bulging (Fig. 89). Distribution: Laos, Thailand, Vietnam........................... N. kuznetsovorum Galinskaya & Shatalkin

9. Fore tarsus entirely white (Fig. 7). Notum brown with dark velvety patches and several small orange-tinted patches ( Figs. 47, 52). Anterolateral velvety patches on frons with inner margins converging or parallel anteriorly ( Fig. 48). Surstylus subtriangular, entirely fused to epandrium ( Fig. 96). Hypandrium with broadly lobate and strongly projecting ventral lobe with one long apical seta ( Figs 99, 100). Distribution: Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia (Pahang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor), Thailand.. N. lineifer Enderlein

- Fore tarsus dark brown with basal tarsomere white (Fig. 9). Notum yellowish-orange (Fig. 64), often with brown vittae (Figs 8–10). Anterolateral velvety patches on frons with inner margins diverging anteriorly ( Fig. 55). Surstylus high and narrow, incompletely fused to epandrium on anterior half ( Figs 114, 121). Hypandrium with lateral lobe narrow, pointed, more densely setose apically and directed basally ( Figs 119, 120, 125, 126).................................................. 10

10. Thorax and abdomen with brown and black markings ( Figs 57, 60, 63). Surstylus as high as epandrium ( Fig. 114). Lateral lobe of hypandrium with one long apical seta ( Fig. 119). Distiphallus very broad and ribbon-like along most of length, with paired bands each subdividing into one pair of narrower bands on distal 1 / 3; apex with medial pair of bands united, produced into short process ( Figs 119, 120). Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Pahang, Sarawak, Selangor), Thailand, Vietnam................................................................................. N. sumatranus Enderlein

- Thorax and abdomen entirely yellowish-orange excluding faint light brown stripe in anterodorsal corner of anepisternum (Figs 64, 65). Surstylus higher than epandrium ( Fig. 121). Lateral lobe of hypandrium with numerous long setae apically ( Fig. 125). Distiphallus with narrow ribbon-like base split into two sclerotized bands and distal half divided into a pair of long clear tubules ( Figs 125, 126). Distribution: Philippines............................................ N. triguttatus Bezzi