Trigonotoma chrysites Bates, 1892

Fedorenko, D. N., 2024, Notes on Trigonotoma and Pareuryaptus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini) from Vietnam, Russian Entomological Journal 33 (1), pp. 43-71 : 49-51

4. Trigonotoma chrysites Bates, 1892 , stat. rest.

Figs 4–5 , 9, 17, 25 , 37 , 43–44 , 52, 57 , 65–72, 148.

Bates, 1892: 354 (‘Karin Chebà’); Csiki, 1929: 516; Andrewes, 1930: 353; Jedlička, 1962: 319. — lewisi : Dubault et al., 2010b: 119 (part.); Roux et al., 2016: 168 ( lewisi ssp.). — concinna (non Laporte de Castelnau, 1834): Bates, 1890: 105 (‘ Cochin China’). — weissi Dubault et al., 2010b: 118; Roux et al., 2016: 170 ( lewisi ssp.; ‘Indochine’), nom.nud. — bhamoensis : Kuntzen, 1911: 182; Csiki, 1929: 516; Andrewes, 1930: 353 (part.)

MATERIAL. Paralectotype ♀ ( ZIN), labelled ‘ Carin Cheba / 900–1100. m./ L.Fea 89’ [printed], ‘ T. / chrysites / sp.n. ’, ‘ Paratypus ’ [red printed]; ♂ ( ZIN, non-type specimen!), with labels: ‘ Carin / Asciuii Chebà / 1200–1300 m./ L.Fea. I – 88 ’ [printed], ‘ Paralectotypus ’ [red printed] .

Other material: ♂ ( ZIN), China, Yunnan, Kunming , 1.900 m, 15.V.1956 (V. Popov) [in Russian] ; ♀ ( ZIN) mountains NE of Baoshan , 1.700 m, 28.V.1955 (O.L. Kryzhanovsky) [in Russian] ; ♂ ( ZIN), Yun-nan-sen [= Kunming; in Russian] ; ♀ ( ZIN), 10 km N of Jingdong , 1.250 m, 24.VI.1956 (O.L. Kryzhanovsky) [in Russian] ; ♂ ( ZIN), Santaishan , 30 km SW of Manshi, 1.200 m 18.V.1955 (Bushchik) [in Russian] ; ♀ ( ZIN), Jingping env., 1.300 m 20.V.1956 (Panfilov) [in Russian] ; ♀ ( ZIN), Vietnam, Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa Distr., Phang Xi Pang Mt , 22°18′59″N, 103°49′16″E, 1.200 m, 12–25.V.1999 (N.L. Orlov) ; ♂ ( ZIN), Tuyen Quang Province, 5 km E Na Hang , 22°20′59″N, 105°25′36″E, 250 m, 4–13. XI.2015 (A. Abramov) ; ♂, 3♀♀ ( SIEE), Ha Giang Province, Tay Con Linh NP, Cao Bo , h~ 570 m, 22°45′23″N, 104°52′06″E, 15–27.IV.2023 (D. Fedorenko) ; 11♂♂, 6♀♀ ( SIEE), Bat Dai Son Natn. Park, Thanh Van env., h~ 950 m, 23°06′01″N 104°58′25″E, cornfield, 14–22.IV.2022 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♀ ( SIEE), Phu Tho Province, ~ 90 km W of Hanoi, Xuan Son Natn. Park , 21°07′52″N, 104°57′07″E, h = 400–470 m, 6–15.VI.2014 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♂ ( SIEE), same data, except for 21°07′29″N, 104°57′28″E, h = 400 m, at light ; ♂ ( SIEE), same locality, except for 21°08′12″N, 104°57′04″E, h = 450 m, 27.VI–7.VII.2014 (A. Abramov, A. Shchinov) ; ♀ ( SIEE), Ninh Binh Province, 7.5 km SSW of Nho Quan , 20°15′08″N, 105°44′09″E, h~ 100 m, at light, 1–5.V.2019 (A. Prosvirov) ; ♀ ( ZIN), [Hoa Binh Province], mountains at Cho Ben , 29.XI.1963 (O.N. Kabakov) [in Russian] ; ♀ ( ZIN), [Nghe An Province,] Phuc Son, XI –XII. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 8♂♂, 19♀♀ ( SIEE), Ha Tinh Province, Vu Quang Natn. Park, Kim Quang env., h~ 70 m, 18°17′59″N, 105°22′31″E, floodland forest, 24.V–1.VI.2022 (D. Fedorenko) ; 2♂♂, ♀ ( SIEE), Ke Go Nat. Reserve , 18°06′30″N 106°01′, h = 40 m, 7–14.V. 2015 (A. Abramov) ; ♀ ( ZIN), Quang Tri ; 10♂♂, 7♀♀ ( SIEE), Quang Nam Province, Nam Giang Distr., Song Thanh Natn. Park , 15°33′19″N 107°23′29″E, h = 1070 m, 23.IV–11.V. 2019 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♂ ( SIEE), same data except 15°33′48″N 107°23′22″E, h = 1050 m ; ♂ ( SIEE), Kon Tum Province, 14°30′17″N 107°43′22″E, Chu Mom Ray Natn. Park, 28 km SW of Dak To, Ro Koi Station , h = 700 m, 1–10.V.2014 (A. Abramov) ; 2♂♂, ♀ ( SIEE), Gia Lai Province, ~ 40 km NEE of Pleiku , 14°12′11″N 108°18′54″E, Kon Ka Kinh Natn. Park, h = 890 m, 9–22.V.2016 or 24–30.V.2017 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♂ ( ZIN), Binh Phuoc Province, IV.2017 (A. Astrashabov) ; ♂ ( SIEE), Dong Nai Province, Cat Tien Nat. Park , 21–22.XI.2004 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♀ ( ZIN), same locality, 3–14.XII.2010 (L. Anisyutkin, A. Anichkin) .

Aedeagus and internal sac examined in 23 or ten males, respectively; genitalia and reproductive tract examined in two females.

DIAGNOSIS. No differences from T. lewisii other than male genitalic ones, combined with the body being barely larger in general. Aedeagus ( Fig. 57 ) densely striated on ventral side; internal sac broadened much across base, with a few well-differentiated bulbs ( Figs 65–72 ).

REDESCRIPTION. BL 16.7–22 mm (19–22 mm in populations from Vietnam). Pronotal microsculpture totally obliterate on disc or reduced to small transverse patches here and there.

Left mandible with more or less distinc oblique striation at base of dorsal side. Pronotal sides in front of base indistinctly convex to barely concave and basal angles more or less widely rounded, respectively; basal foveae sparsely punctate to smooth at bottom; base impunctate medially, yet mostly with a few sparse to moderately dense punctures toward inner basal sulci ( Figs 4–5 ). Elytral basal ridge inwardly reaching stria 2 or 3.

Meso- and metatarsus with lateral carina and sulcus varying considerably between specimens as well as between populations: mostly mesotarsomeres 1 and 2 with sulcus and blunt carina in basal half (these weak to absent in some specimens from different localities) while metatarsomeres 1 and 2 with distinct carina and sulcus, these not seldom weak, sometimes either obliterate in apical third or very distinct on metarsomeres 1–3. Metatarsomere 1 with 3–5 anterior and 1–4 posterior lateral setae.

Female bursa copulatrix short ( Fig. 37 ).

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Throughout northern Indochina from Myanmar to Vietnam, ranging north to at least Yunnan, China ( Fig. 148 ).

HABITATS AND HABITS. This species is forest-dwelling yet rather eurybiotic. It is frequent in various forest habitats at lower altitudes (40– 1.050 m), mostly along forest trails and forests edges. Some adults were hand collected in corn- or ricefilds of northern Vietnam, along with other adult trigonotomines such as Lesticus buqueti (Laporte de Castelnau, 1834) and Pareuryaptus chalceolus ( Bates, 1873) . Some other specimens were taken at light at night and one specimen by window trapping in the Song Thanh NP. The data labels listed above show 1.200 –1.700 m as the altitudes the specimens from China and northern Vietnam prefer to occur.

COMMENTS. This species is rather monomorphic, with only slight morphometric differences found between adults from different populations ( Tabs 2, 4 ). In particular, the head becomes a bit narrower in general and the pronotal base tends to be barely broader relative to the apex toward the south of the species range. Differences in shape of the internal sac of aedeagus are more distinct: males from southern populations have aedeagi more differentiated, with basal bulbs enlarged, than males from the northern populations (compare Figs 65–66 and Figs 67–70 ; yet no specimen from Cat Tien NP as the southernmost known population to dissect). While being not quite gradual and continuous, these difference invite drawing a boundary line that separates the northern population group from the southern one somewhere between the Vu Quang National Park and the Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh Province ( Fig. 148 ).

On the other hand, the fact that the discussed changes of the internal sac are somewhat gradual makes subspecies status of T. chrysites and T. lewisii not improbable. However, I consider both as separate species until intergradation zone is discovered in China.

The male specimen ( ZIN) with red label ‘ Paralectotypus ’ does not belong to the type series because its locality, Carin Asciuii Chebà, has not been mentioned in the original description.

Figures

Figs 1–6. Head and pronotum: 1 — Trigonotoma aurifera, ♂ from Seat Doi Saket, Thailand; 2 — T. nitidicollis, ♂ from Phong Nha - Kebang NP; 3 — T. perraudieri, ♂ from Wang Nuea, Thailand; 4–5 — T. chrysites, ♂♂ from Bat Dai Son NP; 6 — T. dohrnii, ♂ from Nho Quan env. Рис. 1–6. Голова и переднеспинка: 1 — Trigonotoma aurifera, ♂ иЗ Seat Doi Saket, Таиланд; 2 — T. nitidicollis, ♂ иЗ Нац. парка Phong Nha - Kebang; 3 — T. perraudieri, ♂ иЗ Wang Nuea, Таиланд; 4–5 — T. chrysites, ♂♂ иЗ Нац. парка Bat Dai Son; 6 — T. dohrnii, ♂ иЗ окр. Nho Quan.

Figs 7–30. Pregenital abdominal segments in females of Trigonotoma and Pareuryaptus: 7, 15, 23 — T. nitidicollis; 8, 16, 24 — T. aurifera; 9, 17, 25 — T. chrysites; 10, 18, 26 — T. lewisii; 11, 19, 27 — P. aethiops; 12, 20, 28 — P. parvus; 13, 21, 29 — P. morosus (= adoxus); 14, 22, 30 — P. chalceolus; 7–14 — tergite VII; 15–22 — tergite VIII; 23–30 — sternite VIII. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 7–30. Прегенитальные сегменты брюшка самок Trigonotoma и Pareuryaptus: 7, 15, 23 — T. nitidicollis; 8, 16, 24 — T. aurifera; 9, 17, 25 — T. chrysites; 10, 18, 26 — T. lewisii; 11, 19, 27 — P. aethiops; 12, 20, 28 — P. parvus; 13, 21, 29 — P. morosus (= adoxus); 14, 22, 30 — P. chalceolus; 7–14 — тергит VII; 15–22 — тергит VIII; 23–30 — стернит VIII. Масштаб: 1 мм.

Figs 31–38. Tergite IX and reproductive tract in females of Trigonotoma and Pareuryaptus: 31 — T. nitidicollis; 32 — P. parvus; 33 — P. morosus (= adoxus); 34 — P. aethiops; 35 — P. chalceolus; 36 — T. lewisii; 37 — T. chrysites; 38 — T. aurifera; bc — bursa copulatrix; ov — common oviduct; rp — receptacle; sc — seminal canal; sg — spermathecal gland; sgd — spermathecal gland duct; sp — spermatheca. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 31–38. Тергит IX и репродуктивный тракт самок Trigonotoma и Pareuryaptus: 31 — T. nitidicollis; 32 — P. parvus; 33 — P. morosus (= adoxus); 34 — P. aethiops; 35 — P. chalceolus; 36 — T. lewisii; 37 — T.chrysites; 38 — T. aurifera; bc — копулЯтивнаЯ сумка; ov — непарный Яйцевод; rp — семеприемник; sc — семепровод; sg — желеЗа сперматеки; sgd — проток желеЗы сперматеки; sp — сперматека. Масштаб: 1 мм.

Figs 39–48. Median lobe of aedeagus: 39–40 — Trigonotoma nitidicollis; 41–42 — T. aurifera; 43–44 — T. lewisii; 45–46 — T. chrysites; 47–48 — T. dohrnii; 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 — left aspect; 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 — right aspect. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 39–48. СреднЯЯ долЯ Эдеагуса: 39–40 — Trigonotoma nitidicollis; 41–42 — T. aurifera; 43–44 — T. chrysites; 45–46 — T. lewisii; 47–48 — T. dohrnii; 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 — слева; 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 — справа. Масштаб: 1 мм.

Figs 49–58. Median lobe of aedeagus: 49, 54 — Trigonotoma nitidicollis; 50, 55 — T. aurifera; 51, 56 — T. lewisii; 52, 57 — T. chrysites; 53, 58 — T. dohrnii; 49–53 — dorsal aspect; 54–58 — ventral aspect. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 49–58. СреднЯЯ долЯ Эдеагуса: 49, 54 — Trigonotoma nitidicollis; 50, 55 — T. aurifera; 51, 56 — T. lewisii; 52, 57 — T. chrysites; 53, 58 — T. dohrnii; 49–53 — сверху; 54–58 — сниЗу. Масштаб: 1 мм.

Figs 65–76. Aedeagus, median lobe with everted and inflated internal sac: 65–72 — Trigonotoma chrysites (65–66 — ♂ from Kon Ka Kinh NP; 67–68 — ♂ from Vu Quang NP; 69–70 — ♂ from Xuan Son NP; 71–72 — ♂ from Bat Dai Son NP); 73–74 — T. lewisii, male from ‘Japan’; 75–76 — T. dohrnii; 65, 67, 69, 71, 73 — left dorsolateral aspect; 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 — left aspect; 75 — ventral aspect; 76 — dorsal aspect. Scale bars 1 mm. Рис. 59–64. Эдеагус, среднЯЯ долЯ с вывернутым и надутым внутренним мешком: 65–72 — Trigonotoma chrysites (65–66 — ♂ иЗ Нац. парка Kon Ka Kinh; 67–68 — ♂ иЗ Нац. парка Vu Quang; 69–70 — ♂ иЗ Нац. парка Xuan Son; 71–72 — ♂ иЗ Нац. парка Bat Dai Son); 73–74 — T. lewisii, ♂ иЗ ‘Японии’; 75–76 — T. dohrnii; 65, 67, 69, 71, 73 — слева и сверху; 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 — слева; 75 — сниЗу; 76 — сверху. Масштаб: 1 мм.

Fig. 148. Geographical distribution map for Trigonotoma chrysites in Vietnam. Black line separates between northern and southern populations (see the text). Рис. 148. Карта распространениЯ Trigonotoma chrysites во Вьетнаме. ЧёрнаЯ линиЯ раЗделЯет северные и южные популЯции (см. в тексте).