Puccinia circaeae-caricis Hasler, Ann. Mycol.

Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu & Kakishima, Makoto, 2022, Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China, Phytotaxa 542 (3), pp. 221-255 : 240

C8: Puccinia circaeae-caricis Hasler, Ann. Mycol. 28: 345, 1930. ( Fig. 11 )

Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, surrounded by greenish yellow lesions, densely grouped, honey-yellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 10.5–14.5 × 9.5–12.5 µm (av. 12.5 × 11.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.3–0.6 µm (av. = 0.4 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia rarely found. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, rounded or conical at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 29.5–41.0 × 13.0–19.0 µm (av. 35.5 × 15.5 µm); walls pale brown, 0.6–0.9 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, darker at the apex 4.0–11.8 µm (av. 7.2 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 10.5–25.0 µm (av. 17.0 µm) long.

Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang , spermogonia and aecia on Circaea sp. , 2 July 2018, HMJAU 8856 . Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain , uredinia and telia on Carex sp. , 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8857 .

Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA ( Fig. 1 ):—Spermogonia and aecia on Circaea sp. (Onagaraceae) (C). Uredinia and telia on Carex sp. (D).

Note: —Three species, P. circaeae-caricis Hasler , P. caricis-circaearum Y. Harada and P. kawakamiensis Kakish. were reported as species having heteroecious life cycle on Circaea and Carex ( Gäumann 1959, Harada 1977, Kakishima & Sato 1983, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Azbukina 2005, 2015). The morphological characteristics of the above three species are similar to each other, but different in the positions of urediniospore germ pores. Uredinia are very rare in the specimen on Carex in this clade and the urediniospore germ pores are unclear. However, morphological characteristics of spermogonial, aecial, and telial stages are identical with the descriptions of P. circaeae-caricis by Hasler (1930) and Gäumann (1959), athough the shape and size of aeciospores and teliospores are slightly different among the three species ( Kakishima & Sato 1983) and the aeciospores and teliospores are small. This species is phylogenetically close to P. caricis-atractylodis and P. vaginatae , but distinct from them. Hylander et al. (1953) and Azbukina (2005) treated this species as a variety of P. caricina , but this species is phylogenetically far from P. caricina (= P. caricis ) ( Fig. 3 ) and, therefore, this species should be treated as an independent species. This is the first record of this species in China.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Collection areas in northeastern China. A. Changchun area in Jilin Province. B. Jilin area in Jilin Province. C. Mountanious area in southern Heilongjiang Province. D. Area around Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province. E. Baicheng area in western Jilin Province. F. Yanbian area in eastern Jilin Province. G. Tonghua area in southeastern Jilin Province.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree of specimens on Cyperaceae and related host plants constructed by MP method based on ITS+28S regions of rDNA. Bootstrap values of MP and ML are followed by the Bayesian posterior probabilities (Bpp) on the nodes in the topology.Asterisk (*) represents bootstrap values or Bpp less than 50% in the topology. Sample data are shown with voucher specimen number or GenBank accession number, and host plant. Sequence data determined in this study are shown in color. Teliospore shapes are shown in each clade detected, and new species are shown by asterisk (*) on clades. 0, I: Spermogonial and aecial host genus. Asterisk (*) on host plants: Spermogonial and aecial host plants.

FIGURE 11. Puccinia circaeae-caricis on Circaea sp. (A–H) and Carex sp. (I). A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaf surface in the field. B, D. Aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. E. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. F. Aeciospores. G. An aecium observed under SEM. H. Aeciospores with granules on the surface observed under SEM. I. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C, F, I = 20 μm, E, G = 50 μm, H = 5 μm.