Eriophyidae

Navia, Denise, Duarte, Mercia Elias & Flechtmann, Carlos H. W., 2021, Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from Brazil: an annotated checklist, Zootaxa 4997 (1), pp. 1-152 : 35-37

Eriophyidae , Phyllocoptinae , Calacarini

079 Calacarus capsica Chakrabarti & Mondal, 1979: 399 .

Type host. Capsicum frutescens L. ( Solanaceae ).

Type locality. Nadia , Kalyani, West Bengal, India .

Host plant and locality reports in Brazil. On Capsicum annuum L. ( Solanaceae ): locality not informed ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008), Piracicaba (in this paper, specimens deposited at the mite collection in ESALQ, USP), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. Vagrants ( Chakrabarti & Mondal, 1979). On C. annuum mites inhabit the apical leaves of pepper, causing it to become thicker, which remain small and very close to each other due to the lesser growth of internodes ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008). Infestation causes leaf dwarfing and bunchy top symptoms (C.W. Flechtmann, personal communication).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Naturalized shrub, cultivated mainly in North , Northeast , Central-west and Southeast regions ( Carvalho et al. 2006) .

Additional host plants status in Brazil. C. annuum —naturalized herb, widely cultivated as a vegetable ( Carvalho et al. 2006, Flora do Brasil 2020).

080 * Calacarus decoratus Flechtmann, 2001b: 205 .

Type host. Anacardium occidentale L. ( Anacardiaceae ).

Type locality. Piracicaba , São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants on the upper surface of leaves ( Flechtmann 2001b).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status. Native fruit tree, not endemic, occurring in most biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020). Widely cultivated mainly in North and Northeast ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

081 * Calacarus flagelliseta Flechtmann, De Moraes & Barbosa, 2001: 2 .

Type host. Carica papaya L. ( Caricaceae ).

Type locality. Petrolina , Pernambuco, Brazil .

Additional localities in Brazil. Colatina and São Roque do Canaã ( Moreira et al. 2018), Espírito Santo ; locality not informed ( Moraes & Flechtmann, 2008), Maranhão; Janaúba ( Damasceno 2008), Minas Gerais ; Recife (08°04’06”S, 34°55’00”W) ( Vasconcelos et al. 2005), Pernambuco .

Relationship to host plant. Upward curling of leaves, drying and necrosis (Flechtmann et al. 2001).

Type host plant status. Naturalized fruit tree or shrub, occurring in most biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020). Widely cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards, throughout the country ( Lorenzi et al. 2006; 2020).

082 * Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992: 61 .

Type host. Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) .

Type locality. Planalto , (Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto), São Paulo, Brazil .

Additional localities in Brazil. Manaus (“Reserva Ducke, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia-INPA”) (2°25’S, 59°48’W) ( Feres 2001), Amazonas; Igrapiúna (13°48′S, 39°10′W) ( Castro et al. 2013), Bahia ; locality not informed ( Tanzini 1999), Goianesia (15º10’19’’S, 48º57’11’’W) ( Hernandes & Feres 2006), Goiás; Itiquira ( Tanzini et al. 2000), Américo de Campos and Rondonópolis ( Feres 2000), Pontes e Lacerda ( Ferla & Moraes 2002), Mato Grosso; Selvíria (22°22’S, 51°22’W, 335m) ( Vieira et al. 2000), Cassilândia (19°2’55.66”S, 51°53’35.85”W) ( Rocha et al. 2019), Mato Grosso do Sul; locality not informed ( Tanzini 1999), Frutal ( Feres 2000), Minas Gerais; Macaubal and José Bonifácio (Mesoregions of São José do Rio Preto) ( Feres 1992), Buritama and Reginópolis ( Vieira et al. 1995), Barretos and Monte Aprazível ( Feres 2000), Cedral (20°55’30”S, 49°26’49”W), Pindorama (21°13’43”S, 48°54’54”W) and Taquaritinga (21°26’39”S, 48°37’52”W) ( Feres et al. 2002), Pariquera-Açu (24°36’50”S, 47°53’00”W) and Piracicaba (22°42’30”S, 47° 37’40”W) ( Zacarias & Moraes 2002); Nhandeara ( Van Der Geest et al. 2002), Olímpia (20°42’59”S, 49°01’58”W and 20°43’53”S, 49°03’38”W) ( Bellini et al. 2005b), São José do Rio Preto (20°46’54”S, 49°15’34”W) ( Demite & Feres 2005), Marinópolis (20°26’26”S, 50°49’23”W) ( Martins et al. 2012), Votuporanga (20°20’S, 49°58’W) ( Silva et al. 2011), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Leaf rust mites, causing loss of brightness, yellowing and bronzing on the upper surface of the leaves; high infestations can cause also defoliation. Deposits of debris on the leaves in form of white streaks of cast skins are observed; it gives the foliage a dusty appearance owing to cast skins and white wax ( Feres 1992).

Remarks. Only known from the type host plant.

Type host plant status. Native tree, not endemic, occurring naturally in Amazônia biome ( Flora do Brasil 2020). Widely cultivated mainly in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Goiás ( Corrêa et al. 2018), used in an extractive manner, with the purpose of producing natural rubber ( Campelo Júnior 2000).

083 * Calacarus kleithria Flechtmann, 2003 in Flechtmann & De Moraes (2003: 5).

Type host. Eugenia uniflora L. ( Myrtaceae ).

Type locality. Piracicaba (22°40’32”S, 47°38’00”W), São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants on the upper leaf surface ( Flechtmann & Moraes, 2003).

Remarks. Only known from the type host plant/ locality.

Type host plant status. Native shrub, not endemic, occurring in Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020), widely cultivated mainly in domestic orchards, throughout the country ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

084 Calacarus speciosissimum Flechtmann, 1999 in Flechtmann et al. (1999: 330).

Type host. Clerodendron speciosissimum Van Geert ex C. Morren (Verbenaceae) .

Type locality. Avenue du Bresil , La Trinite, Martinique .

Host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On Capsicum annuum L. ( Solanaceae ): Vargem Bonita (15º56’59”S, 47º55’59”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Capsicum frutescens L. ( Solanaceae ): “Embrapa Hortaliças”, Gama ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal.

Relationship to type host plants. Leaf vagrants, no apparent symptoms in C. speciosissimum ( Flechtmann et al. 1999) . Mite infestation caused leaf distortion in Capsicum host plants ( Duarte et al. 2020).

Remarks. Supplementary description is presented in Duarte et al. (2020). This species was also collected in Guadaloupe, from an endemic Solanaceae , Solanum racemosum Jacq. In this host plant mites were reported causing leaf galls and severe leaf distortion.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Exotic shrub, cultivated as an ornamental, mainly in coastal regions ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001) .

Status of host plants status in Brazil. C. annum —naturalized herb, widely cultivated as a vegetable ( Carvalho et al. 2006; Flora do Brasil 2020); C. frutescens —naturalized shrub, cultivated mainly in North, Northeast, Central-west and Southeast regions ( Carvalho et al. 2006).

085 * Calacarus torulus Navia & Flechtmann, 1999: 183 .

Type host. Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Anacardiaceae) .

Type locality. “Fazenda Sucupira”, Embrapa , Brasília , Distrito Federal, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrant on under leaf surface, no symptoms were seen ( Navia & Flechtmann 1999).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status. Native tree, not endemic, occurring in Caatinga and Cerrado biomes ( Silva-Luz et al. 2020).