Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum, (Hagerup) Bocher

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 14

(b) Subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Böcher , Meddel. Grani. 147(9): 81 (1952)

( E. hermaphroditum Hagerup , E. eamesii subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) D. Love ):

Flowers normally hermaphrodite, with stamens usually persistent in fruit. Stems seldom more than 50 cm, freely branched, decumbent to ascending, not rooting; leaves mostly elliptical to elliptic-oblong, 2-4 times as long as wide, often with a shallow groove beneath. 2« = 52. N. Europe, southwards to c. 60° N., and on some of the higher mountains further south.