Stachys L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 151-152

16. Stachys L. 1

(incl. Betonica L. )

Annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs. Verticillasters 2- to many-flowered (rarely reduced to a solitary flower), in dense or lax spike-like, rarely capituliform, inflorescences. Bracteoles present or absent. Calyx tubular or campanulate, rarely weakly 2-lipped, with 5 equal teeth, 5- to 10-veined. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip flat or hooded, entire to 2-fid; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens didynamous, included or slightly exserted; anther-cells parallel or divergent. Style-branches subequal. Nutlets obovoid or oblong, rounded at apex.

1 Bracteoles as long as or longer than calyx-tube 2 Annual; verticillasters in a dense capitulum, sometimes with 1 verticillaster distant 58. serbica 2 Perennial; verticillasters in an elongate spike or all distant 3 Upper part of stem and lower surface of leaves stellatepubescent 5. scardica 3 Plant without stellate hairs 4 Stock with persistent rosettes of leaves; flowering branches axillary, subscapose with 1-4(-5) pairs of leaves 5 Upper lip of corolla 2-fid or emarginate; corolla pale yellow 1. alopecuros 5 Upper lip of corolla entire or crenulate; corolla white, pink or purple 6 Calyx distinctly reticulate-veined; corolla 20-24 mm 2. monieri 6 Calyx not reticulate-veined; corolla 12-18 mm 7 Corolla purple, rarely pink or white; calyx-teeth | - | as long as tube 3. officinalis 7 Corolla white; calyx-teeth about as long as tube 4. balcanica 4 Stock without persistent rosettes of leaves; flowering stems terminal, usually not subscapose 8 Verticillasters 2- to 4-flowered 9 Lower branches not becoming spinose; leaves crenate, lanate 35. mucronata 9 Lower branches persistent, becoming spinose; leaves entire, glabrescent but with sessile glands 41. glutinosa 8 Verticillasters 6- to many-flowered 10 Upper lip of corolla 2-fid 17. acutifolia 10 Upper lip of corolla entire or emarginate 11 Corolla pale yellow; verticillasters 2- to 12-flowered 12 Corolla c. 15 mm; leaves oblong-lanceolate 18. obliqua 12 Corolla c. 20 mm; leaves cordate-ovate 19. decumbens 11 Corolla white, pink or purple 13 Verticillasters c. 6-flowered 39. euboica 13 Verticillasters 10- to many-flowered 14 Pedicels 1-2 mm in flower 6. balansae 14 Flowers sessile or subsessile (7-16). germanica group 1 Bracteoles absent, or not more than j as long as calyx-tube

15 Annual

16 Calyx-teeth j - i as long as tube

17 Calyx with dense eglandular hairs and sessile glands

53. annua 17 Calyx with glandular hairs but without sessile glands

18 Stem ±scabrid on the angles; lower leaves cordate at base 54. spinulosa 18 Stem smooth; lower leaves rounded or attenuate at base

55. milanii 16 Calyx-teeth as long as or slightly shorter than tube

19 Corolla 6-12 mm, scarcely exceeding calyx

20 Calyx 5—7(—8) mm in flower; upper lip of corolla entire

56. arvensis 20 Calyx 7-10 mm in flower; upper lip of corolla emarginate

57. brachyclada 19 Corolla 12-20 mm, distinctly exceeding calyx

21 Upper lip of corolla 2-fid; corolla yellow or white with a yellow lower lip 51. ocymastrum 21 Upper lip of corolla entire; corolla pink 52. marrubiifolia 15 Perennial herb or small shrub

22 Most verticillasters 2-flowered, or flowers solitary

23 Lower and middle leaves pinnatipartite with narrowly linear lobes; pedicels 2-5 mm 32. angustifolia 23 Lower and middle leaves entire, linear to suborbicular; pedicels 0-2 mm

24 Leaves suborbicular to ovate-orbicular, not more than

1j times as long as wide 50. Corsica 24 Leaves linear to ovate, at least twice as long as wide

25 Leaves ovate, cordate at base 24. sylvatica 25 Leaves linear to lanceolate or oblong-spathulate,

cuneate or rounded at base

26 Calyx with sessile or shortly stipitate glands

27 Plant with persistent, softly spinose branches; leaves entire, obtuse 41. glutinosa 27 Plant without persistent, softly spinose branches;

leaves crenate or crenate-dentate, acute 53. annua 26 Calyx eglandular

28 Calyx densely sericeous; stem appressed-hairy

31. virgata 28 Calyx sparsely hairy; stem glabrous or with sparse patent hairs 33. tetragona 22 Most verticillasters 3- to 16-flowered

29 Small shrub with spinose branches 42. spinosa 29 Herb or unarmed small shrub

30 Corolla yellow, sometimes with white or purple markings

31 Calyx eglandular

32 Stem glabrous or with straight hairs

33 Calyx-teeth less than 1 mm wide, linear-subulate,

about as long as tube 29. atherocalyx 33 Calyx-teeth more than 1 mm wide at base, triangular or triangular-lanceolate, shorter than tube

34 Stems herbaceous at base; verticillasters 6- to 16-

flowered, at least the upper crowded 26. recta 34 Stems woody and much-branched at base; verticillasters 2- to 6-flowered, distant 33. tetragona 32 Stem ± tomentose or lanate

35 Stem and leaves green to grey-green, tomentosehirsute; corolla 12-14 mm 47. maritima 35 Stem and leaves white, densely tomentose or lanatetomentose

36 Corolla 15-20 mm; leaves linear-lanceolate to obovate-elliptical 43. iva 36 Corolla 12-14 mm; leaves suborbicular to ovateorbicular 44. chrysantha 31 Calyx glandular

37 Stock with persistent rosettes of leaves 48. pubescens 37 Stock without persistent rosettes of leaves

38 Stem and leaves with crispate hairs

39 Lower leaves cuneate at base 23. piumosa 39 Lower leaves cordate or truncate at base

40 Calyx 7-8 mm 27. beckeana 40 Calyx c. 10 mm 21. anisochila 38 Stem and leaves with ± straight hairs

41 Calyx-teeth about as long as tube, all ± equal

42 Calyx 10-15 mm; stem and leaves glandular

23. piumosa 42 Calyx 9-10 mm; stem and leaves eglandular

28. parolinii 41 At least the upper calyx-teeth shorter than tube

43 Middle and lower leaves cordate at base 20. canescens 43 Middle and lower leaves cuneate to truncate at base

44 Calyx 10-12 mm

45 Stem and leaves densely glandular-puberulent; leaves 18-40 mm wide 22. menthifolia 45 Stem and leaves eglandular or sparsely glandular; leaves not more than 20 mm wide 26. recta 44 Calyx 5-10 mm

46 Corolla 15-20 mm; verticillasters 6- to 16- flowered 26. recta 46 Corolla 10-16 mm; verticillasters 2- to 6-flowered

53. annua 30 Corollawhite,pinkorpurple

47 Leaves orbicular to ovate-orbicular, not more than 1j times as long as wide

48 Stemand leavesdenselyhirsute,greenor grey-green; leaves cordate at base 40. circinata 48 Stem and leaves densely tomentose to sericeous-lanate, white; leaves rounded at base

49 Calyx-teeth (2—)4 times as long as wide 45. candida 49 Calyx-teeth l £(-2) times as long as wide

46. spreitzenhoferi 47 Leaves linear-oblong to cordate-ovate, more than 1£ times as long as wide

50 Calyx with eglandular hairs

51 Leaves cordate at base 25. palustris 51 Leaves cuneate at base, rarely truncate

52 Upper lip of corolla 2-fid 49. arenaria 52 Upper lip of corolla entire or crenulate

53 Middle and upper leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, serrate 36. spruneri 53 Middle and upper leaves elliptical or ovate, subobtuse or obtuse, denticulate 38. ionica 50 Calyx with glandular hairs

54 Leaves cordate at base

55 Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-3 times as long as wide,

all petiolate 24. sylvatica 55 Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually at least

4 times as long as wide, the lower shortly petiolate,

the upper sessile 25. palustris 54 Leaves cuneate, rarely truncate at base

56 Leaves obtuse

57 Stem and leaves ± lanate; pedicels 3-5 mm in flower; corolla scarcely exceeding calyx 35. mucronata 57 Stem and leaves sericeous-pubescent or hirsute; flowers sessile or subsessile; corolla 1£—2 times as long as calyx

58 Upper leaves and bracts sessile, usually conspicuously net-veined 37. swainsonii 58 Upper leaves and bracts shortly petiolate, not conspicuously net-veined 38. ionica 56 Leaves acute

59 Calyx-teeth c. £ as long as tube 53. annua 59 Calyx-teeth about as long as tube

60 Most leaves more than 10 mm wide, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, less than 4 times as long as wide 23. piumosa 60 Middle and upper leaves usually not more than 10

mm wide, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, at least

4 times as long as wide

61 Stem with numerous sessile glands; leaves prominently veined beneath 36. spruneri 61 Stem eglandular; leaves not prominently veined

62 Calyx with moderately dense, long, appressed hairs; corolla purple, the lower lip 5-6 mm

30. iberica

62 Calyx glabrous or sparsely hirsute; corolla white or pale pink, the lower lip 8-9 mm

34. leucoglossa