Calisto aquilum occidentalis Núñez, 2013

Aguila, Rayner Núñez, Matos- Maraví, Pável F. & Wahlberg, Niklas, 2013, New Calisto species from Cuba, with insights on the relationships of Cuban and Bahamian taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), Zootaxa 3669 (4), pp. 503-521 : 516-517

Calisto aquilum occidentalis Núñez , ssp. n.

Figures 13–16 , 32 , 36 , 68, 69

Type material. Holotype— Ƥ, CUBA, Pinar del Río, base sur de Pan de Azúcar, 75 m, 25/IX/2011, 22°36'52"N 83°49'27"W, R. Núñez, DNA voucher PM20–02 (M056). Deposited in CZACC. Paratypes— 1 Ƥ: Pinar del Río, Sendero Las Maravillas (8 km SW of Viñales village), 200 m, 24/IX/2011, 22°34'59"N 83°48'15"W, D. Saladrigas & A. Barro, DNA voucher PM20–03 (M057). Deposited in MFP.

Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin occidentalis (of the west), in reference to its distribution restricted to the westernmost Cuban province, Pinar del Río.

Diagnosis. Calisto aquilum occidentalis is superficially most similar to Calisto a. aquilum , C. smintheus , C. brochei and C. dissimulatum . From all differs by its smaller average size: Ƥ FWL=17.1±0.6, N=2, see size values for other taxa at the Diagnosis of the nominate subspecies. From the nominate subspecies differs by its darker wing pattern and the brighter contrasting underside wing pattern. From all taxa, except Calisto a. aquilum , also differs by having the dorsal crown of the female genitalia asymmetric, thinner on the left side, in ventral view.

Description. Forewing length Ƥ 16.5–17.6 mm. Upper surface of wings uniform dark brown, almost black ( Figures 13, 15 ). Under surface dark brown with darker lines, background slightly paler at outer side of post discal line; forewing ocellus with two bluish white iridescent pupils, post discal line externally edged with pale yellow scaling at ocellus area; about two fifths of cell extension red colored, both base and apex brown colored as surrounding background; hindwing background mixed with pale yellow and ochre scales basal to post dical line which is externally edge by contrasting yellow scaling, heavier around ocellus; post discal area densely splashed with lilac scales and four white dots at vein interspaces Rs–M1, M1–M2, M2–M3 and M3–Cu1, dots at M1–M2 and M2–M3 slightly larger than those at Rs–M1 and M3–Cu1 ones ( Figures 14, 16 ). Female genitalia with dorsal crown asymmetric, thinner on the left side in ventral view, height about 0.33x width at right side and 0.20 at the left side; ductus bursae about 1.2x the length of corpus bursae ( Figure 32 ).

Distribution. Calisto aquilum occidentalis is known only from three localities of the Viñales mountain valley, at the middle portion of the Guaniguanico massif, the major mountain range of western Cuba ( Figures 33, 36 ).

Biology. Collecting sites are restricted to the Viñales mountain valley (75–200 m). Species inhabits the semideciduous limestone forest at the base of mogotes ( Figures 68, 69 ). Its host plant and immature stages are unknown.

Remarks. The genetic distance between central and western populations (1.4%) of Calisto aquilum is about half the value considered as an indicator of specific differentiation, 2% (Hajibabaei et al. 2006; Huemer & Hebert 2011). Further collecting of more specimens of C. aquilum occidentalis , including males, and the description of their respective immature stages will contribute to confirm these findings. From sympatric C. bradleyi and C. herophile , Calisto aquilum occidentalis differs by 8.6 and 7.1%, respectively.

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 16. Types of Calisto from Cuba. Calisto aquilum sp. n.: 9 — 3 holotype upper side, 10 — 3 holotype under side, from Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, ladera norte de Pico Potrerillo, 750 – 850 m, 11 / V / 2012, DNA voucher RN 01 – 02 (M 070), 11 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 12 — Ƥ paratype under side, same data as holotype. Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n.: 13 — Ƥ holotype upper side, 14 — Ƥ holotype under side, from Pinar del Río, base sur de Pan de Azúcar, 75 m, 25 / IX / 2011, DNA voucher PM 20 – 02 (M 056), 15 — Ƥ paratype upper side, 16 — Ƥ paratype under side, from Pinar del Río, Sendero Las Maravillas (8 km SW of Viñales village), 200 m, 24 / IX / 2011, DNA voucher PM 20 – 03 (M 057).

FIGURES 23 – 32. Shape and location of androconial patch, and male and female genitalia of Cuban Calisto. Androconial patch: 23 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 24 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 25 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Male genitalia, from top to bottom main body in lateral view, aedeagus in lateral view, and aedeagus in dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 26 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 27 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 28 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. Female genitalia, ventral view (scale bar 0.5 mm): 29 — Calisto torrei sp. n., 30 — Calisto dissimulatum sp. n., 31 — Calisto aquilum sp. n. 32 — Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n.

FIGURES 33 – 36. Geographical distribution of new species of Cuban Calisto. 33 — Map of Cuba showing areas where the new taxa were found. 34 — Middle rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calisto torrei sp. n. (black circles) and Calisto aquilum sp. n. (white stars) have been found in the Guamuhaya massif. 35 — Rigth rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calisto dissimulatum sp. n. has been found in the Sierra Maestra and Nipe – Sagua – Baracoa massifs. 36 — Left rectangle in figure 33, localities where Calistoaquilum occidentalis ssp. n. has been found in the middle portion of the Guaniguanico massif.

FIGURES 68 – 69. Habitats of Calisto aquilum occidentalis ssp. n. 68 — Portion of the Sierra de Viñales showing the mogotes covered at the base by semideciduous limestone forest. 69 — Understory of the semideciduous limestone forest at “ Las Maravillas ” path.