Philonthus rivularis, Kiesenwetter, 1858

Herman, Taphylininae Iochini Aorothiini Thiini Latyprosopini Taphylinini Mblyopinina Nisolinina Yptiomina Hilonthina Lee H., 2001, Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the End of the Second Millennium. V. Staphylinine Group (Part 2) Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (265), pp. 2441-3020 : 2441-3020

rivularis Kiesenwetter, 1858 , see: Erichsonius .

rivularis Cameron, 1932: 138 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Dehra Dun: Song River. Mussoorie: Arni Gad , Aglar River. Simla Hills : Fagu. Sikkim: Namsoo ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1358 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1983: 274 ( Philonthus ; Kashmir).

— Herman, 2001: 48 ( Philonthus ; although a junior primary homonym, prevailing use as valid maintained pending outcome of application to Commission under Article 23.9.5).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

robinsoni Lecoq, 1997: 285 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Madagascar Sambirano, Nosy Be, forêt de Lokobe).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

robusticornis Bernhauer, 1915 , see: Afrorabigus .

roeri Last, 1992: 543 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: South West Africa ( Namibia): Nyangana / Okavango).

- DISTRIBUTION: Namibia.

rollei Bernhauer, 1943b: 290 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Abessynien: Harrar).

— Tottenham, 1962: 209 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.

rosarius Tottenham, 1945 , see: nitidicollis Lacordaire, 1835 .

roscius Smetana, 1995e: 78 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Arizona: Chiricahua Mts. ,

Rustler Park, 8400 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA.

rossicus Coiffait, 1965 , see: decorus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

rotundiceps Stephens, 1833 , see: ventralis Gravenhorst, 1802 .

rotundicollis Ménétriés, 1832: 145 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Caucase).

— Nordmann, 1837: 88 ( Philonthus ; characters; Caucasus).

— Faldermann, 1835: 126 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Persia-Armenia).

— Ménétriés, 1849: 44 ( Philonthus ; Turcomanie).

— Hochhuth, 1849: 135 ( Philonthus ; synonym of scutatus ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 230 [= 1874a: 456] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Austria; Sardinia; Caucasus; Iran; Buchara; central Asia; Siberia ; Dauria; Amur region).

— Solsky, 1874: 175 ( Philonthus ; characters; Turkestan).

— Fauvel, 1876a: 73 [= 1876: 258] ( Philonthus ; Turkestan).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 13 ( Philonthus ; Finland).

— Eppelsheim, 1892: 332 ( Philonthus ; Turkestan).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 446 ( Philonthus ; characters; Palaearctic region).

— Poppius, 1909: 24 ( Philonthus ; Lena Valley, Siberia ).

— Reitter, 1909: 126 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1926g: 2 ( Philonthus ; Kamchatka region).

— Portevin, 1929: 359 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Cameron, 1932: 84 ( Philonthus ; characters; Pamirs).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1358 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Aleksandrov, 1934: 153 ( Philonthus ; China).

— Smetana, 1958: 170 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia). — Smetana, 1959: 148 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960b: 68 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1961b: 34 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1963: 11 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Palm, 1963b: 69 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 178 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Horion, 1965: 136 ( Philonthus ; Pamirs; Afghanistan; Transbaikal to Vladivostok; Mongolia; Russia; Finland; Sweden; Britain; Holland; Belgium; France; Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Bosnia; Macedonia; Romania; Czechoslovakia; Poland; Russia; Germany; Austria).

— Sawada, 1966: 259 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 395 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Caucasus).

— Raianu, 1968a: 464 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 728 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Szujecki, 1969a: 255 ( Philonthus ; notes; Poland).

— Coiffait, 1974: 227 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Britain; central Asia).

— Shilov, 1975a: 375 [= 1975b: 98] ( Philonthus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Bordoni, 1975a: 152 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Shilov, 1976: 148 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Coiffait, 1979d: 552 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Tronquet, 1981: 71 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Coiffait, 1982a: 233 ( Philonthus ; Pakistan).

— Coiffait, 1983e: 477 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Tóth, 1984: 50 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux).

— Schülke and Uhlig, 1988: 11 ( Philonthus ; notes; Germany).

— Nowosad, 1990: 107 ( Philonthus ; collected from mole nest; notes; Poland).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 62 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— J. Li, 1993: 36 ( Philonthus ; China).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Hayashi, 1994: 122 ( Philonthus ; characters; Japan).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Sterrenburg and Schülke, 1997: 18 ( Philonthus ; Netherlands).

— Ryabukhin, 1999: 62 ( Philonthus ; catalog; habitat; distribution; northeastern Russia).

— Kashcheev, 1999a: 57 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Russia, Caucasus, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, “Pamir region”, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, China, Japan. picimanus Ménétriés, 1832: 146 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Caucase).

— Faldermann, 1835: 132 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Persia-Armenia).

— Hochhuth, 1849: 155 ( Quedius ; characters).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 448 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varius ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 359 ( Philonthus ; aberration of varius ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1366 ( Philonthus ; aberration of varius ).

— Kirshenblat, 1933: 101 ( Philonthus ; characters; Caucasus).

— Tottenham, 1939d: 232 ( Philonthus ; valid species).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 434 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 303 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ?; characters; Caucasus).

— Boháč, 1988: 551, 552 [= 1989: 35] ( Philonthus ; characters; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Hodge and Jones, 1995: 40 ( Philonthus ; aberration of varius ; characters; Britain).

scutatus Erichson, 1840: 438 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Germania meridionalis; Hungaria ; Sardinia; Persia).

— Ménétriés, 1849: 44 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Hochhuth, 1849: 134 ( Philonthus ; characters; Helenendorf).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 701 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Hardy, 1851: 26 ( Philonthus ; notes; England).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 517 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 580 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria, Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 191 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Thomson, 1860: 156 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Fauvel, 1874: 230 [= 1874a: 456] ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 210 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 273 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 389 [= 1877: 245] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 13 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Fowler, 1888: 264 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 446 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Gridelli, 1920a: 16 ( Philonthus ; aberration of varius ; characters; Italy).

— Cameron, 1932: 84 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1358 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 170 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 227 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1974c: 22 ( Philonthus ; variety of peregrinus ; Sudan; Somalia).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Boháč, 1988: 552 [= 1989: 35] ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

duplopunctatus Motschulsky, 1860: 567 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: lac Baical).

— Hochhuth, 1862: 53 ( Philonthus ; characters; Transbaikal).

— Fauvel, 1874: 230 [= 1874a: 456] ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 446 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Cameron, 1932: 84 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 170 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 227 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Boháč, 1988: 552 [= 1989: 35] ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

sinuatocollis Motschulsky, 1860b: 121 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nord de la Daourie jusqu’au Kamtschatka).

— Motschulsky, 1862a: 11 ( Philonthus ; Japan).

— Fauvel, 1874: 230 [= 1874a: 456] ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 446 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Cameron, 1932: 84 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 170 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 227 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rotundicollis ).

— Boháč, 1988: 552 [= 1989: 35] ( Philonthus ; cited as sinuaticollis; synonym of rotundicollis ).

nigropolitus Bernhauer, 1916d: 26 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of rotundicollis ; Type locality: Turkestan: Aulie Ata, Alai; Tien-schan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; variety of rotundicollis ).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 395 ( Philonthus ; characters; Turkestan; central Asia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 227 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of rotundicollis ).

inopinatus Smetana, 1963c: 294 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; subspecies of rotundicollis ; Type locality: Nord-Mongolei, Karakorum).

— Smetana, 1967d: 203 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of rotundicollis ; Mongolia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 227 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of rotundicollis ).

— Smetana 1975c: 169 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of rotundicollis ; Mongolia).

ruandae Cameron, 1950, see: vanhoofi Bernhauer, 1935 .

rubellus Solsky, 1874 , see: dimidiatipennis Erichson, 1840 .

ruber Hatch, 1957 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: aurulentus Horn, 1884 .

rubidus Erichson, 1840 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

rubiginosus Solsky, 1867 , see: turbidus Erichson, 1840 .

rubricatus Tottenham, 1962: 212 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nigeria: Jos ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nigeria.

rubricollis Motschulsky, 1858: 665 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Indes orientales).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1932: 141 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: “East Indies”, India, China.

erythrostictus Kraatz, 1859: 94 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: India orientalis).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubricollis ).

— Cameron, 1932: 141 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubricollis ).

obscuricollis Bernhauer, 1935: 7 ( Philonthus ; variety of rubricollis ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: China: Amoy).

rubripennis Kiesenwetter, 1844 , see: Gabrius .

rubripennis Stephens, 1832: 239 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Norwich ; on the coast of Norfolk).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Philonthus ; nomen nudum; catalog; Britain).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Stephens, 1839: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Hardy, 1851: 30 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubripennis ).

— Rye, 1864a: 56 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Britain).

— Fauvel, 1874: 259 [= 1874a: 485] ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 339 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Tottenham, 1949: 419 ( Philonthus ; valid species; Britain).

— Smetana, 1958: 221 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 92 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; valid species; Britain; [Note: Pope considered fulvipes as used by British authors to be a misidentification of rubripennis ]).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 168 ( Philonthus ; note).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 64 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Paragabrius ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1995e: 358 ( Philonthus ; North American records are erroneous).

— M. Hansen, 1996: 106 ( Philonthus ; valid species; Denmark).

— Assing, Frisch, Kahlen, et al., 1998: 138 ( Philonthus ; valid name).

- DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan.

fulvipes Fabricius, 1793: 526 ( Staphylinus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Germania).

— Panzer, 1795: 355 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Panzer, 1796c: 9 ( Staphylinus ; characters; illustration).

— Fabricius, 1801: 597 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Turton, 1802: 512 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Gravenhorst, 1802: 24 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Latreille, 1804: 314 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 75 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 343 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Zetterstedt, 1828: 71 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of laevigatus Gyllenhal ).

— Curtis, 1829: 24 ( Quedius ; catalog; Britain).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 30 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Germany).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 444 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Germany).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 329 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 402 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Nordmann, 1837: 102 ( Philonthus ; Europe).

— Kirby, 1837: 93 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; boreal America).

— Erichson, 1839a: 473 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 270 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubripennis ).

— M. Hansen, 1996: 106 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubripennis ).

— Assing, Frisch, Kahlen, et al., 1998: 138 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubripennis ).

castanopterus Stephens, 1832: 225 ( Quedius ; Type locality: London).

— Stephens, 1839: 392 ( Quedius ; characters; England).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 25 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rubripennis ).

mendax Runde, 1835: 10 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Halae).

— Erichson, 1839a: 474 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Erichson, 1840: 485 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 614 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 339 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Smetana, 1958: 221 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 92 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of fulvipes ).

obscuripes Brisout, 1863: 34 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: le midi du la France, les Pyrénées ).

— Fauvel, 1867c: 113 [= 1868b: 211] ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 259 [= 1874a: 485] ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 339 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 92 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of fulvipes ).

nigripennis Outerelo, 1976a: 258 ( Paragabrius ; mutation of fulvipes ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5)]; cited from Sierra de Guadarrama).

rubrithorax Kirshenblat, 1950 , see: Bisnius .

rubrofilator Coiffait, 1967, see: filator Tottenham, 1953 .

rubromaculatus Bernhauer, 1914 , see: coprophilus Jarrige, 1949 .

rubromaculatus Blanchard, 1842: 82 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Uruguay: Montevideo).

— Lynch, 1884: 151 ( Philonthus ; characters; Argentina).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay, Argentina.

rubromarginatus Gerhardt, 1909 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: marginatus Ström, 1768 .

rubrosuturatus Bernhauer, 1902 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

rubrovittatus Tottenham, 1949b: 320 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kivu: Lulenga ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

rudebecki Scheerpeltz, 1974: 153 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Natal: Royal Natal National Park, The Cascades, 6000 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

rudipennis Fauvel, 1907: 41 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto ).

— Eichelbaum, 1913: 130 ( Philonthus ; Tanzania).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 326 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Cameron, 1950g: 36 ( Philonthus ; Belgian Congo).

— Tottenham, 1956: 226 ( Philonthus ; Urundi).

— Tottenham, 1962: 181 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, Burundi, Congo.

erythropterus Eichelbaum, 1910: 88 ( Philonthus ; variety of rudipennis ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Meru, 3500 m).

— Eichelbaum, 1913: 130 ( Philonthus ; variety of rudipennis ; Tanzania).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; variety of rudipennis ).

rudiventris Bernhauer, 1937b: 613 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Rabigus ; Type locality: Kahama). — Horion, 1965: 163 ( Philonthus ; Turkey; Spain; France; Switzerland; Sardinia; Sicily; Italy; Greece; Crete; Cyprus; Macedonia; Bulgaria; Albania; Bosnia Hercegovina; Serbia; Dalmatia; Slovenia; Romania; Slovakia; Austria; Germany). — Coiffait, 1967a: 425 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe). — Smetana, 1967i: 555 ( Philonthus ; Turkey). — Coiffait, 1974: 205 ( Philonthus ; characters; central Europe; Spain; Italy; Corfu; Turkey; Syria; Caucasus). — Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 298 ( Philonthus ; Italy). — Smetana, 1978: 118 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Israel). — Tronquet, 1981: 70 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan). — Tóth, 1984: 73 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary). — Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France). — Aranda and Outerelo, 1991: 121 ( Philonthus ; characters). — Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic?; Slovakia). — Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy). — Herman, 2001: 28 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rufimanus Heer ).

rufimanus Erichson, 1840 , see: rufimanus Heer, 1839 .

rufimargo Reitter, 1909: 128 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Armenisches Gebirge: Gouvernement Erivan). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog). — Smetana, 1965f: 254 ( Philonthus ; notes). — Coiffait, 1967a: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; Caucasus). — Coiffait, 1974: 251 ( Philonthus ; characters; Armenia). - DISTRIBUTION: Armenia.

rufipennis Solier, 1849 , see: hepaticus Erichson, 1840 .

rufipennis Gerhardt, 1910 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: discoideus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

rufipennis Delahon, 1914 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: Bisnius .

rufipennis Wüsthoff, 1936 , see: rectangulus Sharp, 1874 .

rufipes Stephens, 1832: 222 ( Quedius ; [Note: Preoccupied secondary homonym in Quedius ]; Type locality: London; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana and Herman, 1999]). — Stephens, 1839: 391 ( Quedius ; characters; England). — G. Waterhouse, 1858: 25 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fumigatus ). — Smetana and Herman, 1999: 298 ( Philonthus ; valid species; lectotype designation). - DISTRIBUTION: Azores, Europe, Russia, Georgia, Turkey.

immundus : Gyllenhal, 1810: 337 ( Staphylinus ; [Note: Nomen nudum. This name has a long history as the valid name for the species but it is a misidentification. Gyllenhal did not describe this species, he attributed it to Gravenhorst, 1806: 66; however since immundus Gravenhorst is a synonym of ventralis Gravenhorst the species referred to as immundus Gyllenhal needs a new name]; characters; Sweden). — C. Sahlberg, 1830: 326 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland). — Mannerheim, 1830: 30 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden). — Mannerheim, 1831: 444 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden). — Nordmann, 1837: 93 ( Philonthus ; Sweden; Germany; France). — Heer, 1839: 264 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland). — Erichson, 1840: 479 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden). — Jacobsen, 1849: 701 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark). — Hochhuth, 1849: 138 ( Philonthus ; characters). — Kraatz, 1857d: 596 ( Philonthus ). — Thomson, 1860: 164 ( Philonthus ; synonym of scybalarius ). — Ganglbauer, 1895: 453 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Asia Minor).

— Bernhauer, 1899a: 435 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentification: Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1346 cited apenninus Bernhauer as a synonym of immundus ; Bernhauer did not describe the species as new, he attributed it to Fiori]; characters; notes).

— Montandon, 1908: 80 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Reitter, 1909: 128 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 341 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 406 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Portevin, 1929: 361 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1346 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Bernhauer, 1940c: 4 ( Philonthus ; Azores).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 65 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 179 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 155 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Palm, 1963b: 82 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark).

— Lohse, 1964: 182 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Horion, 1965: 153 ( Philonthus ; Turkey; Azores; Russia; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Hungary; Romania; Bosnia Hercegovina; Dalmatia; Italy; Switzerland; France; Belgium; Holland; Britain; Ireland; Denmark; Sweden; Germany; Austria).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 413 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Asia Minor).

— Smetana, 1967i: 554 ( Philonthus ; Turkey) .

— Raianu, 1968a: 466 ( Philonthus ; cited as imundus; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 729 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Coiffait, 1974: 263 ( Philonthus ; characters; all Europe; Britain; Scandinavia; Asia Minor; Mediterranean region).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Hinton, 1981: 660 ( Philonthus ; characters of egg).

— Tóth, 1984: 65 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lucht, 1987: 104 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Borges, 1990: Table II ( Philonthus ; Azores) .

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy?).

— Luff, 1996: 30 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Isle of Man).

— Smetana and Herman, 1999: 297 ( Philonthus ; misidentification and unavailable name;

valid species name is rufipes Stephens ).

fumigatus Erichson, 1839a: 463 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mark Brandenburg).

— Erichson, 1840: 463 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany; France).

— Heer, 1841: 582 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 697 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Motschulsky, 1849: 87 ( Philonthus ; Spain).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 703 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 524 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 599 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 194 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Peyron, 1858: 425 ( Philonthus ; Turkey).

— Thomson, 1860: 161 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Hochhuth, 1862: 60 ( Philonthus ; Russia).

— Fauvel, 1874: 226 [= 1874a: 452] ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 212 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 276 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 457 [= 1877: 313] ( Philonthus ; characters; larval characters; France).

— Fowler, 1888: 271 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 453 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 179 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 263 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

— Smetana and Herman, 1999: 297 ( Philonthus ; synonym of rufipes ).

ruficornis Hochhuth, 1860: 566 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Russie méridonale aux environs de la ville de Kharkov; [Note: See lectotype designation by Gusarov, 1993]).

— Hochhuth, 1862: 58 ( Philonthus ; characters; southern Russia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 413 ( Philonthus ; characters; Russia; Crimea; Georgia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 291 ( Philonthus ; characters; Russia; Crimea; Georgia).

— Gusarov, 1993: 70 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Rus. mer.; synonym of immundus ). undae Penecke, 1901: 13 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mur bei Graz).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 342 ( Philonthus ; aberration of immundus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1346 ( Philonthus ; aberration of immundus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 179 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 263 ( Philonthus ; synonym of immundus ).

abkhazensis Coiffait, 1963: 27 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of immundus ; Type locality: Otkapa, Abkhazie).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 415 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of immundus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 263, 264 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of immundus ; characters; Caucasus). rufipes Boheman, 1848 , see: austellus Herman, 2001 .

rufithorax Fauvel, 1878f: 264 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle-Guinée).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1931: 363 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Cameron, 1937a: 100 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Last, 1968: 360 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

rufiventris Cameron, 1918 , see: cameronianus Scheerpeltz, 1933 .

rufiventris Sharp, 1887: 787 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Amecameca in Morelos). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

rufocaudus Sharp, 1885: 412 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

rufocinctus Fauvel, 1878 , see: minutus Boheman, 1848 .

rufoflavus Cameron, 1936 , see: Gabronthus .

rufomarginatus Kraatz, 1859, see: flavocinctus Motschulsky, 1858 .

rufoniger Cameron, 1937: 13 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Java: Kopeng ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

rufoplagiatus Solsky, 1868a: 130 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexique).

— Sharp, 1885: 400 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

rufopygus Sharp, 1885: 411 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Panama, Bugaba ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

rufulus Horn, 1884: 199 ( Philonthus ; variety of alumnus ; Type locality: Not cited).

— Horn, 1884: 198 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentified as alumnus according to Smetana, 1995e: 430] characters; Florida to Arizona, north to New York).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1332 ( Philonthus ; variety of alumnus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 432 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; British Columbia; Nova Scotia; Ontario; Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts, Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Virginia; Washington; Wisconsin; Mexico; Bahama Islands; Cuba).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA, Mexico, West Indies.

atriceps Horn, 1884: 199 ( Philonthus ; variety of alumnus ; Type locality: New Jersey; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]. No locality originally cited).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1332 ( Philonthus ; variety of alumnus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 430 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: N. J. [New Jersey]; synonym of rufulus ). rufus Fauvel, 1898c: 184 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Madagascar Est, Antanambe, baie d’Antongil; [Note: See lectotype designation by Lecoq, 1997]. Also cited from Suberbieville; Diego-Suarez).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1961g: 238 ( Philonthus ; Madagascar).

— Lecoq, 1997: 282 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Madagascar Est , Antanambe, baie d’Antongil; characters; Madagascar) .

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

rugosipennis Chapman, 1939: 68 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kenya Colony: Massif du Marakwet, alt. 2500 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.

rugulipennis Tottenham, 1949b: 301 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Raucalius ; Type locality: Lulua: Kapanga).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

rupicola Cameron, 1943 , see: Gabrius .

rusticus Sharp, 1885: 421 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Las Vigas , Cordova).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1971b: 205 ( Philonthus ; Guatemala; Mexico; El Salvador).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador.

rutilipennis Hochhuth, 1851 , see: caucasicus Nordmann, 1837 .

rutiliventris Sharp, 1874: 47 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nagasaki; eastern Siberia ,

Lake Baikal; China).

— Matsumura, 1911: 114 ( Philonthus ; Japan).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Adachi, 1937: 56 ( Philonthus ; Izu-Oshima).

— Nakane, 1963a: 91 ( Philonthus ; characters; habitus photograph; Japan).

— Watanabe and Shibata, 1972: 64 ( Philonthus ; Yaku-shima Island).

— Yuh, Paik, Kwon, and Lee, 1985: 242 ( Philonthus ; Korea).

— J. Li, 1993: 35 ( Philonthus ; China).

- DISTRIBUTION: Russia, China, Korea, Japan.

ruweanus Levasseur, 1962a: 55 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ruwe, région de Kolwezi, Katanga).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

sadales Smetana, 1995e: 355 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Oregon: Mt. Hood, Timberline Rd. , 4500–5000 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA.