Dysoniini Rehn, 1950

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger & García, Alexander García, 2022, The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines, Zootaxa 5166 (1), pp. 1-93 : 20-22

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17952A48-902C-47A0-A344-8B07490F3B28
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6885770
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0C519-CF2E-6144-D4A2-8D5D4F82FEFB
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Dysoniini Rehn, 1950
status

Treatment

Tribe Dysoniini Rehn, 1950 View in CoL

Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (25–65 mm). Eyes globose, distance of the antennal sockets not greater than the width of the scapus. Vertex elevated in diverse shapes, from a slightly raised tubercle or crest to long spines. Fastigium with a developed ventral tooth, ocellar tubercle present and only slightly or well developed. Pronotal disc also with various modifications (like spines, expansions, denticulations). Tegmina narrow or moderately widened, Rs vein originating at the middle of R, MA vein prolonged to the middle of the tegmina and then turning into the anal margin. Anterior coxae dorsally armed with a fronto-basal spine; tympana exposed on both sides of the fore tibiae; leg spines lamellate, developed as spinule or long, pointed spines. Genicular lobes of fore and middle femora are usually armed with a spine (in Quiva armed with two small spines). Meso- and metasternum never longer than wide, meso- and metafurcal furrow narrow and usually rounded. Tenth tergite unmodified; male cerci forked, usually divided in the horizontal plane (except Apolinaria , where the both branches are directed dorsally); male subgenital plate unmodified (except for Lichenomorphus , where it is elongated and very flexible), and styli developed to different degrees. Ovipositor of females varying in shape, from as long as the pronotum, curved and broadened, to long and slender, surpassing the length of the pronotum.

Type genus. Dysonia White, 1862 View in CoL .

Distribution. Neotropical, from northeastern Mexico to northern Argentina ( Maps 1–19 View Map 1 View Map 2 View Map 3 View Map 4 View Map 5 View Map 6 View Map 7 View Map 8 View Map 9 View Map 10 View Map 11 View Map 12 View Map 13 View Map 14 View Map 15 View Map 16 View Map 17 View Map 18 View Map 19 ).

Comments: Recently, Gorochov (2014, 2016) considered Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892 , a genus from Southeast Asia, to be a member of Dysoniini , placing it in its own subtribe Trachyzulphina . The supposed justification being the shared lichen mimicry. However, this type of mimicry has arisen several times in the subfamily Phaneropterinae , and also in other katydids like Lichenagraecia Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2012 from Australia ( Conocephalinae : Armadillagraeciini ) as well as several groups of the family Pseudophyllinae , and even in Caelifera such as pygmy grasshoppers of the genera Amorphopus Serville, 1838 and Eomorphopus Hancock, 1907 from the Amazon ( Cadena-Castañeda et al. 2019a, 2019b). An adaptation to a particular type of environment or microhabitat is not necessarily associated with a particular taxonomic group. Therefore, the Trachyzulphini n. stat. are here elevated to a separate tribe of the Phaneropterinae , based on the original diagnosis ( Gorochov 2014).

Moreover, Gorochov (2016) proposed to reduce Pycnopalpini to a subtribe of Dysoniini , arguing that the posteromedial denticle or spine on the upper rostral tubercle is also present in some representatives of that group. However, Pycnopalpini + Dysoniini do not belong to a monophyletic group according to the most comprehensive phylogeny of Tettigoniidae ( Mugleston et al. 2018) . The Pycnopalpini are considered a tribe with two subtribes, Pycopalpina and Theiina ( Cadena-Castañeda 2014a, Cigliano et al. 2022).

Figures 11–14 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 present a pictorial key for the identification of genera.