Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy

Grisales, Diana, Wolff, Marta & De, Claudio J. B., 2012, Neotropical Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera): new species of Fannia from Colombia, Zootaxa 3591, pp. 1-46 : 4

Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy

Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 567 . Type-species, Fannia saltatrix Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (mon.) = Musca scalaris Fabricius, 1794 .

Diagnosis. sexually-dimorphic; male holoptic (except in some species, e.g. the petrocchiae subgroup, Neotropical region), orb absent (except in Fannia canicularis , upper orb present); female dichoptic, 2 orb, one reclinate upper and one lateroclinate lower seta, interfrontal setae absent. Arista bare or pubescent; 2 kepst; first pre-sutural dc half length of second. Dc 2:3 and 2 developed ia (except in F. quimbaya sp. nov. and in F. pijao sp. nov., with dc 0:1 and 0:2 and 1 intra-alar); 2 prepm, seta near spiracle two times longer; subcosta bowed; second anal vein strongly curved, imaginary extension of the anal veins meeting before wing margin; mid femur and tibia of male with modified ventral setae; hind tibia with 1 d on apical third, on the same row as apical seta; male abdomen wider before posterior margin of abdominal segment 2; second abdominal segment in females distally wider than the third one; hypopygium of male usually with bacilliform process differentiated at base of cercal plate; aedeagus often membranous; ovipositor with two spiracles and 2–3 spermathecae ( Chillcott 1961; Rozkošný et al. 1997; Albuquerque et al. 1981; Domínguez 2007; Wendt & de Carvalho 2009).

Comments. Fannia is monophyletic ( Domínguez & Roig-Juñent 2008). Chillcott (1961) grouped the species of Fannia in the Nearctic region based on the morphology of the male and female terminalia. Later, Albuquerque et al. (1981) recognized eight Fannia species- groups in the Neotropical region ( canicularis , scalaris , anthracina , grandis , heydenii , obscurinervis , flavipalpis, admirabilis) and three subgroups of the canicularis group ( canicularis , pusio , petrocchiae), based on characters of little phylogenetic relevance ( Albuquerque et al.1981). Even though the species-groups of Fannia are widely mentioned in the literature, their monophyly has been tested only in the work of Domínguez & Roig-Juñent (2008). In that contribution, only the heydenii and the anthracina groups, and the sub-group pusio of the canicularis group were indicated as clades in the Neotropical region.

Species of the heydenii group have the scape and the pedicel light brown, the hind femur with a group of long pre-apical pv and v, hind coxa setulose on the posterior margin, abdomen partly translucent yellow, sternite 1 bare, cercal plate wider than long, and bacilliform process cuneiform; females have two spermathecae ( Albuquerque 1957, Albuquerque et al. 1981). The species of the anthracina group have tarsi with modified tarsomeres, fore basitarsus with 1 differentiated basal v, and bacilliform process spiral-shaped (de Carvalho & Pont 1994). The species of this group have restricted distribution in southern South America. Species of the pusio sub-group of the canicularis group have parafacial with short bristles, no upper orb, abdomen trimaculate and an epiphallus. The absence of the latter is considered an autapomorphy for Fanniidae .