Hipposideros lankadiva, Kelaart, 1850

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 227-258 : 242

44.

Indian Leaf-nosed Bat

Hipposideros lankadiva

French: Phyllorhine indienne / German: Indien-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido indio

Other common names: Indian Roundleaf Bat

Taxonomy. Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850 ,

Kandy, Sri Lanka.

Hipposideros lankadiva is in the diadema species group. Three subspecies are recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

H. I. lankadiva Helaart, 1850 -Sri Lanka.

H. l. gyi Bates et aL, 2015 -NE India, Bangladesh, and N Myanmar.

H. l. indus K. Andersen, 1918 — peninsular India.

Descriptive notes. Tail 35-58 mm, ear 19-5-30 mm, hindfoot 11-7-20 mm, forearm 75—99 mm. Greatest skulls lengths are 31-1—36-1 mm. Pelage on dorsum is pale cream to fulvous brown; ventral area is paler. There are three or four lateral leaflets on cheek, but fourth (outer) is very small or sometimes absent. Skull is robust There is no depression on rostral region. Sagittal crest is well developed. C1 is massive; P2is small and slightly extruded from tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.

Habitat. The Indian Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forests gaps from lower hills up to elevations of 1000m.

Food and Feeding. The Indian Leaf-nosed Bat is known as an aerial-hawking bat, feeding in mid-air. Diet consists mostly of Coleoptera.

Breeding. Copulation has been recorded in August and September. Females give birth to a single young once a year; they were found pregnant from February to May, and giving birth and carrying young between May andJune.

Activity patterns. The Indian Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in caves, tunnels, and temples. Echolocation is a CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of 68-8-70-7 kHz ( Myanmar).

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Colony size can be from 50 up to several thousand individuals. The Indian Leaf-nosed Bat can be found sharing a cave with Black-bearded Tomb Bats (Taphozous melanopogon), Greater Asian False-vampires { Lyroderma lyra), Lesser Dawn Bats ( Eonycteris spelata}, and Stoliczka’s Trident Bats (AstfZZiscus stoliczkanus }.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on 77ze IUCN Red List. Although the Indian Leaf-nosed Bat is widespread in the Indian subcontinent, only very few colonies have been recorded. It may be at risk due to hunting, limestone mining, and quarrying.

Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (2015), Bhat & Sreenivasan (1981), Corbet & Hill (1992), Eckrich & Neuweiler (1988), Francis (2008a), Molur, Yapa & Srinivasulu et al. (2008a), Simmons (2005).

Figures

24. Large-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros megalotis), 25. Boeadi’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros boeadii), 26. Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros alongensis), 27. Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros armiger), 28. Griffin’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffoni), 29. Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pendleburyi), 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis), 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis), 32. Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus), 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae), 34. Sorensen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorenseni), 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sumbae), 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei), 37. Pratt’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti), 38. Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares), 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus), 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema), 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops), 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus), 43. Amhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inomatus), 44. Indian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli), 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis)

Subspecies and Distribution. H. I. lankadiva Helaart, 1850 -Sri Lanka. H. l. gyi Bates et aL, 2015 -NE India , Bangladesh , and N Myanmar . H. l. indus K. Andersen, 1918 — peninsular India .