Hipposideros coxi, Shelford, 1901

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 227-258 : 246

53.

Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat

Hipposideros coxi

French: Phyllorhine de Cox / German: Cox-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido de Cox

Other common names: Cox's Roundleaf Bat

Taxonomy. Hipposiderus [sic] coxi Shelford, 1901 ,

“Mount Penrisen, Sarawak, Borneo [ Malaysia], 4200 feet [= 1280 m].”

Hipposideros coxi was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now placed in the calcaratus species group. Monotypic.

Distribution. Known only from a few localities in W Borneo (N & SW Sarawak), including Gunung Mulu, Bako, and Tanjung Datu national parks, Mt Penrissen, and Bau Limestone area; it has been reported in Central Kalimantan based on acoustic surveys, but this requires confirmation.

Descriptive notes. Forearm 53—55 mm. Ears of Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat are covered with hairs. Noseleaf is enlarged with two lateral leaflets. Anterior leaf fully covers muzzle. Intermediate leaf is bulbous and thickened. Posterior is large with swollen thick bump in middle. Wing membrane is dark. Pelage color is dark brown with ventral side paler.

Habitat. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps understory, e.g. trails. It has been netted in mangrove forest near rock crevices. It occurs in lowlands, from sea level up to a hill cave at 1200 m.

Food and Feeding. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat feeds on small beedes, moths, and other insects over shrubs, creeks and water bodies by using aerial and gleaning tactics. It can fly slowly and hover during gleaning.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat is a cave-dwelling species. Echolocation is a typical CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of46-52 kHz.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in caves, typically in small groups of 2-5 individuals. At Wind Cave, Sarawak, it was recorded roosting on the cave ceiling in a group of less than 20 individuals near an opening.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCNRed List. Cox’s Leafnosed Bat is endemic to Borneo and is rare; its population is very small and decreasing (area of occupancy is less than 500 km 2). Besides habitat loss, the main threats include mining and bird-nest harvesting. Recorded in Bako, Tanjung Datu, and Gunung Mulu national parks and Wind and Fairy cave reserves.

Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Khan eta/. (2008), MacArthur (2016a), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Rosli et al. (2018), Simmons (2005).

Figures

47. Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros curtus), 49. Aellen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros marisae), 50. Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros speoris), 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus), 52. Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ceruinus), 53. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi), 54. Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus), 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae), 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus), 57. Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffer), 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfuliginosus), 59. Lamotte’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei), 60. Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber), 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros tephrus), 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ater), 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros bicolor), 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps), 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cineraceus), 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus)

Distribution. Known only from a few localities in W Borneo (N & SW Sarawak ), including Gunung Mulu, Bako, and Tanjung Datu national parks, Mt Penrissen, and Bau Limestone area; it has been reported in Central Kalimantan based on acoustic surveys, but this requires confirmation.