Traumatomutilla puella ( Gerstaecker, 1874 )

Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Zootaxa 5108 (1), pp. 1-97 : 62-67

Traumatomutilla puella ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

( Figs 22A–I , 23A–K )

Mutilla puella Gerstaecker, 1874: 72 , holotype, ♀, Brazil, Brandt S. (ZMB), examined.

Mutilla musculus Gerstaecker, 1874: 320 , holotype, ♂, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (MLUH), examined, syn. nov.

Mutilla manca Cresson, 1902: 52 : lectotype [designated by Cresson (1916)], ♀, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guima- rães] (CMNH), examined, syn. nov.

Mutilla viana Cresson, 1902: 77 : lectotype [designated by Cresson (1916)], ♂, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] (CMNH), examined, syn. nov.

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) puella: André, 1902: 55 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) musculus: André, 1902: 55 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) manca: André, 1902: 55 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) viana: André, 1902: 56 .

Traumatomutilla puella: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla musculus: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla manca: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla viana: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla peperina Casal, 1969: 298 : holotype, ♀, Argentina, Cordoba , San Janvier (AMNH), examined, syn. nov.

Diagnosis. FEMALE. Mesonotum as wide as distance between pronotal spiracles, lateral face of propodeum sparsely sculptured, with wide conspicuous smooth intervals, longitudinal carinae of mesonotum/dorsal face of propodeum indistinct, integumental spots of T2 yellowish, well separated, anterior and posterior pair well-developed.

MALE. Cuspis slender, elongate, mesopleuron simply swollen to indistinctly tuberculate on dorsal half, meso and metatibial spurs black to brownish, concolorous with legs, wings hyaline brown throughout, axillar projections acute, S2 without medial pit filled with setae.

Description. FEMALE. Body length 8–14 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.85 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 1.25 × the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Sculpture partially concealed by dense setae, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate where visible; sculpture sparser on gena and malar space. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex, with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina well-defined, reaching antennal tubercles and separated from poorly defined lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle irregularly rugose. Scape densely punctured. Flagellomere 1 2.2 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.6 × pedicel length. Mesosoma . Mesosoma 0.9 × as long as wide. Mesosomal dorsum sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate where visible; with conspicuous medial longitudinal carina extending from anterior margin of mesonotum, through scutellar area and connecting with similar carina on dorsal face of propodeum; sculpture of mesonotum slightly less defined around medial longitudinal carina; scutellar area sculpture virtually equal to that of mesonotum. Anterior face of pronotum defined, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, indistinctly and coarsely striated longitudinally at base and with dense coarse and confused punctures with interspersed micropunctures elsewhere; dorsal face roundly angulate into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, broadly separated from low rounded epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum subrounded in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle virtually flat against lateral margin of pronotum, rounded. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; with indistinct blunt tubercle on ventral margin anterior to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly and densely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, dorsal third completely asetose, smooth. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely and shallowly foveolate-punctate along anterior margin, more densely and deeply so along posterior margin, medial area with indistinct traces of longitudinally oblique rugosities. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 74:81:80:64:60. Lateral margin of mesonotum constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, diverging anteriad, mesonotum with expanded lateral margins. Propodeal spiracle projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae virtually absent, reduced to transverse irregular intervals delineating slightly larger areolations; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum convex, dorsal face virtually as long as and rounded into posterior face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 35:76:79. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely and coarsely punctate. S1 surface cuneiform, densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate around sub-sharp longitudinal medial carina equally high throughout. S2 densely foveolate-punctate, more sparsely and finely so anteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold indistinct. S3–6 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate where visible. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface with transverse coarse and irregular rugosities; interstice granulose.

MALE. Body length 11–13 mm. Head. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view, 0.85 × as wide as pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 4.5 × DLO, IOD virtually equal to DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctate; conspicuously denser and coarse on front. Gena ecarinate.Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely punctate; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial subrounded subsessile teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.6 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 4. × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma . Epaulets well-defined, virtually flat against anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from short humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior face of pronotum sparsely punctate with interspersed micropunctations, except medially simply micropunctate along dorsal margin and with conspicuous smooth unsculptured area basomedially. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margins. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum convex, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; with longitudinal carina medially. Axilla produced posterolaterally as short acute projection, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, densely areolate; sculpture denser and coarser anterolaterad; lateral face virtually unsculptured on anterior half, posterior half with coarse to indistinct sculpture; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with simply swollen on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; areolations/foveolations gradually sparser anteriad. Metapleuron sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout, except for indistinct areolations basally. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0. 5 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.9 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; lateral margins of T2 asetose and unsculptured, smooth. Pygidial plate irregularly, transversely and indistinctly rugose, broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally, interstice apparently granulose. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly blunt longitudinal slightly concave carina. S2 coarsely and sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, without micropunctures or setae filled pit; longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–6 sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S7 densely foveolate-punctate with well-defined medial longitudinal unsculptured area; longer than broad, well-defined by lateral carinae throughout, posterior margin projected medially into a single tooth-like structure on posterior margin; apex of projections bilobate. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 63:44:13; paramere slightly sinuous and conspicuously curved outward apically in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with sparse setae ventrally at basal half; cuspis slender, elongate, equally wide throughout in dorsal view and lateral view; with scattered long setae apically and sparse inconspicuous short setae elsewhere; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, subtriangulate in lateral view, virtually as wide as long with subtrinagulate and sparsely setose posterior margin in lateral view; setae as long as or shorter than paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose basodorsally, apex somewhat expanded, knob-like in lateral view; penis valve with inner surface strongly concave, and well-defined pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth subacute, with externolateral pocket; apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along subtruncate posterior margin; inconspicuous setae present at base of subposterior tooth on external surface.

Coloration and variations: FEMALES. Body and appendages predominantly black to brownish-black, except most flagellomeres ventrally and mandibles partially reddish brown; T2 always with four integumental spots varying in size and ranging from orange-red to yellow; anterior spots longitudinal, linear, varying in extension; posterior spots ranging from obliquely subovate to transversely sublinear/subrectangular. Head setae ranging from being predominantly black with malar space and ventral surface of head with silvery setae to having a dense subrounded spot of silvery-white setae on the middle of vertex which can extend slightly into front. Setae on mesosomal dorsum always predominantly black with two lateral stripes of dense silvery-white setae extending, uninterrupted, from posterior margin of pronotum to apex of propodeum. Setae of lateral face of pronotum, mesosomal pleurae and lateral face of propodeum silvery-white ventrally and black dorsally varying in density and extension. Metasomal setae predominantly black, except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: T1 laterally; lateral areas, lateral margins, lateral felt lines and integumental spots of T2; fringes of T2–3 medially and laterally; fringes of T4–6 medially; S1–5; fringes of S2–3. Certain specimens have silvery-white setae, though usually reduced, on the fringes of T4-5 laterally. Seta on the legs varies from being predominantly silvery-white to predominantly black. Tibial spurs yellowish-white to brownish. MALES. Integument black to brownish-black except mandibles partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: propodeum posterolaterally; T1 and basal third of T2; fringes of T2–3 laterally; T4 laterally; S1–4; and tarsi. Tibial spurs yellowish-white to brownish. Wings dark-brown throughout, veins darker than wing membrane.

Distribution. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.

Material examined. (103♀, 9♂). Type material. Holotype of Mutilla puella , ♀, BRAZIL, Brandt S. ( ZMB) ; holotype of M. musculus , ♂, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro [sic] ( MLUH) ; lectotype of M. manca , ♀, BRAZIL, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] ( CMNH) ; lectotype of M. viana , ♂, BRAZIL, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] ( CMNH) ; holotype of T. peperina , #f, ARGENTINA, Cordoba, San Janvier ( AMNH) . Additional material. BRAZIL: Rondônia, 5♀ ( MZSP) ; Mato Grosso: Rosário Oeste , 6♀ ( MZSP) ; Chapada dos Guimarães : 1♀, 27.X.1961, Oliveira, F.M. ( DZUP) ; 1♀, 30.I.1965, Laroca ( DZUP) ; 3♀, III [sic] ( ANSP) ; 1♀, IV [sic] ( ANSP) ; 1♀, X [sic] ( ANSP) ; Campo , 1♀, sept. [september] ( MNHN) ; Cáceres , 1♀, 27.III.1985, Elias,C. ( DZUP) ; Barra do Tapirape , 5♀ ( MZSP) ; Utiariti , 5♀ ( MZSP) ; Mato Grosso do Sul: Três Lagoas , Faz. Dr. José Mendes, 1♀, 21.X.1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento Zoologia] ( MZSP) ; Três Lagôas , 8♀ ( MZSP) ; Goiás: Jataí , 31♀ ( MZSP) ; Mineiro , 1♀ ( MNHN) ; Minas Gerais, Araguari , 1♀, X.1931 ( MNCN) ; São Paulo, 5♀ ( MZSP) ; BO- LIVIA, Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Chiquitos , 1♀, 1834, D’Orbigny ( MNHN) ; PARAGUAY: Concepcion, Cororo , 1♀, II.1993, Arriagada ( AMNH) ; 7♀, 25.II–1.III.1997, B. Garcete ( MIUP) ; San Pedro, Rio Ypane, Cororo : 7♀, XII.1983, M.A. Fritz ( AMNH) ; 1♀, XI.1983, M.A. Fritz ( AMNH) ; 3♀, X.1979, Viana ( AMNH) ; 1♀, XI.1979, Fritz ( FSCA) ; Kanindeyu, Tava Yopoi , 26.X–04.XI.2007, U. Dreschel ( FSCA) ; ARGENTINA, Cordoba, Ycho Cruz , 1♀, II.1975, Williner ( AMNH) .

Remarks. The sculpture of the female mesonotal dorsum varies greatly in this species. Cresson’s type series of T. manca (aprox. 60 specimens), includes some specimens with the sculpture virtually homogeneous throughout, becoming slightly confused around the medial longitudinal carina as in the typical specimens of T. puella and T. peperina . In several other cases from the same series, however, most of the medial sculpture of the mesonotum is obliterated, being simply and densely punctate which is a character that appears to be associated with larger specimens (PRB pers. obs.). Similarly, the sculpture of the lateral face of the propodeum varies from being mostly unsculptured and smooth to being comparatively densely foveolate-punctate in each series examined. There are not, to our knowledge, any consistent characters to separate these females and the males repeatedly collected with them in large series are consistent with the characters of T. viana , with no apparent variations in setae or color. Slight structural variations apparently associated with larger specimens have also been recorded for males, which can have the dorsal half of the mesopleuron simply swollen in smaller specimens or bearing a conspicuous, albeit small, blunt tubercle in larger specimens. Every specimen of T. viana examined is identical in genitalia, structure, setae, and color to the holotype of T. musculus . Additionally, we have observed that the tibial spurs color varies from brownish to yellowish-white within the type series of T. viana and T. manca which further supports the association based on distribution.

Figures

FIGURES 22A–I. A–B, G. Traumatomutilla puella (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♀; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; G. type labels; C–D, H. T. manca (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♀; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; H. type labels; E–F, I. T. peperina Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Lateral habitus; I. type labels. Lines 2 mm.

FIGURES 23A–K. A–C, G–K. Traumatomutilla viana (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Dorsal habitus; G. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; H. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; I. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; J. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; K. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view; D–F. T. musculus (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; D. Lateral habitus; E. Type labels; F. Dorsal habitus.