Hebrus pusillus pusillus ( Fallén, 1807 ), Fallen, 1807

Kment, Petr, Jindra, Zdeněk & Berchi, Gavril Marius, 2016, Review of West-Palaearctic Hebridae with description of a new species and redescription of Hebrus fulvinervis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), Zootaxa 4147 (3), pp. 201-239 : 213-216

Hebrus pusillus pusillus ( Fallén, 1807)

( Fig. 71 )

Lygaeus pusillus Fallén, 1807: 71 . Syntypes: sex not indicated, Sweden, Westrogothia [= Västergötland] (MZLU).

Naeogeus erythrocephalus Laporte, 1833: 34 . Syntype(s): sex not indicated,?France (probably lost). Synonymized by Fieber (1860: 104).

Hebrus pygmaeus Burmeister, 1835: 214 . Syntypes: Germany, Berlin, Halle (MLUH?). Synonymized by Westwood (1840: 470).

Velia nana Schilling, 1839: 56 . Syntype(s): Poland, Silesia, Trzebnica env., forest between Starsine [= Skarszyne] and Glauche [= Głuchów Górny] (probably lost). Synonymized by Assmann (1858: 81).

Hebrus letzneri Scholtz, 1847: 108 . Syntypes: Poland: Silesia, Wrocław, botanical garden (lost). Synonymized by Assmann (1858: 81).

Hebrus sericeus A. Costa, 1864: 125 . Syntypes: 3 specimens, Italy, Benevento env., bank of the Calore river (ZIUN?). Synonymized by Puton (1884: 149).

Hebrus pusillus var. rufescens Rey, 1893: 109 : Syntype(s): type locality not indicated, probably France (probably lost).

Hebrus pusillus f. vittata Stichel, 1955: 154. Syntype(s): type locality not indicated (probably lost).

Hebrus dupuisi Wagner, 1954: 67 . Holotype: sex not indicated, France, Vallée du Tech à Elne (ZMUH). Synonymized by Baena (1996: 125).

Hebrus pusillus canariensis Poisson, 1954a: 1 . Syntypes: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Canary Islands, Gran Canaria, Aldea S. Nicolas ( MZHF). Synonymized by Baena (1996: 124).

Material examined. Hebrus pusillus pusillus : BULGARIA: Blagoevgrad Province: Sandanski , 18. vii.1956, 1 Ƌ 1 ♀, L. Hoberlandt lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC) . Pleven Province: Kajlăka [= Kayl’ka ] hotel 2 km E of Pleven, 100–150 m a.s.l., Locality No. 52/87, 24. vii.1978, 1 ♀, P. Lauterer lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC) . CROATIA: Privlaka, Bosut river , 45.21327°N 18.85828°E, 74 m a.s.l., 16. viii.2015, 1 Ƌ, G. M. Berchi lgt. & det. ( GBCR) . CZECH REPUBLIC: Bohemia: Heřmanice (5156), flooded basalt quarry, 26. iv.2002, 2 ♀, M. Fikáček lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC); Mařeničky, Rašeliniště Mařeničky NR (5254; 50°47′41.2″N 14°40′27.8″E), peatbog, 1. x.2004, 1 Ƌ 2 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC); Staré Splavy, Swamp NNM (5460; 50°34′48.3″N 14°40′02.8″E), peatbog, 265 m a.s.l., 25 . viii.2009, 1 spec., P. Kment lgt. & det. (JSBC); Jabkenice (5656), 5. i.1975, 1 ♀, P. Bílek lgt., Z. Jindra det. ( ZJPC) ; Neudau [= Nejda ] (5743), 24. x.1937, 1 Ƌ, P. Kment det. ( NMPC) ; Otovice u Karlových Varů (5743), 1 Ƌ 1 ♀, P. Kment det. ( NMPC) ; Čelákovice (5854), 2. v.1971, 1 Ƌ, Martiš lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC); Horní Ředice (5961b; 50°05.508′N 15°57.064′E), NR Žernov, marsh at Mordýř pond, 20 . iv.2007, 13 Ƌ 11 ♀, M. Boukal lgt., P. Kment det. (NMPC); Lnáře (6548), 14. vi.1944, 1 Ƌ 2 ♀, Mařan and Z. Tesař lgt., L. Hoberlandt det. ( NMPC) ; Lnáře (6548), Malý Pálenec [pond?], ix.1942, 3 Ƌ 3 ♀, Mařan lgt., L. Hoberlandt det. ( NMPC); Horusice, Ruda NNR (6854, 49°09′03.9″N 14°41′27.7″E), peatbog, extracted from wet Sphagnum , 416 m a.s.l., 13 . ix.2010, 2 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC); Ponědrážka, Rašeliniště Hovízna NR (6854; 49°08′34.6″N 14°41′40.2″E), peatbog with pools, 16. ix.2010, 1 Ƌ, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC); Hluboká nad Vltavou (6952), 20. vi.1974, 1 Ƌ, P. Bílek lgt., Z. Jindra det. ( ZJPC) ; Dolní / Horní Slověnice u Českých Budějovic (6954), 3. viii.1971, 1 Ƌ 1 ♀, Z. Jindra lgt. & det. ( ZJPC) ; Stráž nad Nežárkou (6955), vii.1957, 1 Ƌ, J. Dostál lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC) . Moravia: Děhylov (6175), Štěpán NR, pond, 22. iii.2003, 1 ♀, M. Fikáček lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC); Křižánky, Kyšperský rybník pond (6362; 49°41′10.1″N 16°03′32.8″E), waterlogged shore, 21 . v.2000, 1 Ƌ 3 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC); Rudice, Rudická jezírka (6666, 49°20′09.7″N 16°43′24.4″E), flooded pits after iron ore mining, 3. iv.1999, 1 Ƌ 1 ♀, 1. v.1999, 5 Ƌ 13 ♀, 6. vi.1999, 1 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC, MHBC); Velká Bíteš, Dolní Klečanský rybník pond (6763; 49°16′39″N 16°14′28″E), waterlogged grassy shore, 1. v.2000, 6 Ƌ 11 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC, MUBC); Milotice, Písečný rybník pond (7068, 48°57′46″N 17°09′22″E), 26. vii.2000, 1 ♀, M. Horsák lgt., P. Kment det. (NMPC); 16. iv.2009, 2 ♀, M. Straka lgt., P. Kment det. (MSHC); Lednice, Lednické rybníky NNR, Mlýnský rybník pond, camp Apollo env. (7266), 12. vi.1982, 1 ♀, Z. Jindra lgt. & det. (ZJPC); Lednice, Lednické rybníky NNR, northern shore of Mlýnský rybník pond (7266), walking on wet mud, 4. vii.1998, 1 ♀, P. Kment & M. Horsák lgt., P. Kment det. (NMPC); Sedlec + Hlohovec + Valtice , Lednické rybníky NNR, Nesyt pond (7266), 17. vii.1997, 1 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. ( NMPC); Valtice, Úvaly, Úvalský rybník pond (7266, 48°44′47″N 16°42′46″E), 29 . iv.2009, 1 ♀, M. Straka lgt., P. Kment det. (MSHC); Lanžhot, Soutok game preserve, Dědova pískovna (7367; 48°38′02.0″N 16°57′33.6″E), vegetated pool in abandoned sandpit, 14. v.2016, 1 Ƌ, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC). FINLAND: Lojo , 10. vi.1916, 1 ♀, H. Lindberg lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC) . GREECE: 3 km NW of Igoumenítsa , salt soil, 29. v.1997, 1 ♀, P. Bulirsch lgt. ( ZJPC) . LITHUANIA: Borussia, Kurische Nehrung [= Prussia , Kuršių nerija Peninsula ], 1 ♀, L. Hoberlandt det. ( NMPC) . NETHERLANDS: Holland, Winterswijk , 1894, 1 ♀, Fokker lgt., L. Hoberlandt det. ( NMPC) . ROMANIA: Caraș-Severin county: Caransebeș , litter on pond banks (45.4188°N 22.1875°E), 217 m a.s.l., 24 . xii.2014, 2 Ƌ 4 ♀ (macropterous), G. M. Berchi lgt. & det. ( GBCR). Mehedinți county: Izimșa [stream], 44.175277°N 22.960277°E, 55 m a.s.l., 27 . vii.2012, 1 ♀, G. M. Berchi lgt. & det ( GBCR). Timiș county: Dumbrăvița, litter on pond banks (45.80638°N 21.26416°E), 96 m a.s.l., 19 . xii.2014, 1 ♀ (macropterous), I. A. Rădac leg., G. M. Berchi det. (GBCR); Jimbolia, litter on pond banks (45.8099°N 20.7177°E), 75 m a.s.l., 26. xii.2014, 1 ♀, I. A. Rădac leg., G. M. Berchi det. (GBCR). Vâlcea county: Marcea , stream, 44.918055°N 24.238055°E, 186 m a.s.l., 27. vii.2012, 1 Ƌ, G. M. Berchi lgt. & det ( GBCR) . RUSSIA: North European Territory : Leningrad Province, Karelian Isthmus , 4 km S of Dibuny railway station, river bank, 13. vi.2004, 1 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. ( NMPC) . SLOVAKIA: Gánovce (6987), Gánovké travertíny NM, on mud, 18. v.2002, 3 Ƌ 16 ♀, M. Mantič lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMHC) ; Kúty (7267), 31. v.1986, 1 ♀, Z. Jindra lgt. & det. ( ZJPC) ; Veľké Leváre, Abrod NNR (7467), 17. v.1982, 1 Ƌ 2 ♀, O. Majzlan lgt., P. Kment det., ( MMBC) ; Račištorf [= Bratislava , Rača] (7768), 23. iii.1941, 1 Ƌ, L. Korbel lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC) ; Tvrdošovce (7974), small pond, in water, 20. iv.1999, 1 ♀, M. Mantič lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMHC) ; Veľký Meder, Čalovo (8072), 15. vii.1953, 1 ♀, P. Lauterer lgt., J. L. Stehlík 1962 det. ( MMBC) .

Hebrus dupuisi : FRANCE: Pyren. orient., Font Estramer , 26.7.– 11.8.1956, 1 Ƌ 1 ♀, Weber lgt., L. Hoberlandt 1985 det. ( NMPC) . SPAIN: Pyren. or., Ripoli , 29.–30. vii.1956, 3 ♀, L. Hoberlandt 1965 det. ( NMPC) .

Distribution ( Fig. 71 ). Europe: Albania ( Josifov 1970), Austria ( Rabitsch 2005), Belgium ( Stoffelen et al. 2013), Bosnia Herzegovina ( Benedek 1970, Protić 1998), Bulgaria ( Josifov 1960, 1963, 1964), Byelorussia ( Lukashuk 1997), Croatia ( Horváth 1897, Benedek 1970, Protić 1998, Kment & Beran 2011), Czech Republic ( Hoberlandt 1977), Denmark ( Andersen & Gaun 1974), Estonia ( Lukashuk 1997, Coulianos 2005), Finland ( Rintala & Rinne 2010), France ( Wagner 1954, as H. dupuisi ; Poisson 1957a; Jacquemin 2006), Germany ( Hoffmann & Melber 2003, Wachmann et al. 2006, Strauss & Niedringhaus 2014), Great Britain ( Savage 1989), Greece ( Lindberg 1922, Royer 1924, Linnavuori 1954, Josifov 1959, Zimmermann 1982, this paper), Hungary ( Horváth 1897, Benedek 1970, Boda et al. 2015), Italy ( Servadei 1967, Tamanini 1979), Latvia ( Lukashuk 1997), Lithuania (new record), Luxembourg ( Reichling & Gerend 1994), Macedonia ( Protić 1998), Moldavia ( Derzhansky 1984, 1997), Montenegro ( Protić 1998), the Netherlands ( Aukema et al. 2002), Norway ( Coulianos 1998, Coulianos & Ossiannilsson 1976, Roth & Coulianos 2014), Poland ( Jaczewski & Wróblewski 1976, Wróblewski 1980), Portugal ( Seabra 1926, 1941; Baena & Vázquez 1986; Baena 1996; Kment 2006), Romania ( Horváth 1897, Benedek 1970), Russia: North, Central, and South European Terriotory ( Kanyukova 1997, 2006), Serbia ( Horváth 1897, Benedek 1970, Protić 1998), Slovakia ( Benedek 1970, Hoberlandt 1977, Reduciendo Klementová et al. 2015), Slovenia ( Protić 1998, Gogala 2003), Spain ( Ribes & Sauleda 1979, as H. dupuisi ; Nieser & Montes 1984; Baena & Vázquez 1986; Baena 1996; Pagola-Carte & Ribes 2007), Sweden ( Coulianos & Ossiannilsson 1976), Switzerland ( Dethier & Matthey 1977), Ukraine (incl. Crimea) ( Putshkov & Putshkov 1996, Kanyukova 1997, Grandova 2014),? Turkey (European part) (see Fent et al. 2011). Macaronesia: Canary Islands: La Gomera, Gran Canaria, Tenerife ( Poisson 1954a, b, as H. pusillus canariensis ; Baena 1996; Aukema et al. 2013b). North Africa:? Algeria ( Lindberg 1922),? Egypt ( Lindberg 1922, Linnavuori 1964, Gadalla & Saleh Ahmed 2005, Saleh Ahmed & Gadalla 2005),? Libya ( Mancini 1936),? Morocco ( Gheit 1995),? Tunisia ( Lindberg 1922). Asia:? Iran: Gilan, Kordestan ( Ghahari et al. 2013),? Israel ( Lindberg 1922; Linnavuori 1960, 1986),? Lebanon ( Lindberg 1922, Nieser & Moubayed 1985), Russia: West Siberia, East Siberia, Far East ( Kanyukova 1997, 2006; Vinokurov 2005; Vinokurov et al. 2010),? Sinai (Gadalla & Saleh Ahmed 2005, Saleh Ahmed & Gadalla 2005),? Syria ( Stichel 1956, Andersen 1995),? Turkey (Asian part) ( Linnavuori 1986, but see Fent et al. 2011). Confirmed occurrence in Greece, new species for Lithuania.

All previous records of H. pusillus from Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran and central Asia revised recently are misidentifications of other species (see Kanyukova 1997, Kment & Jindra 2006). The occurrence of the species in Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Sinai, Israel, Syria, Turkey and Iran requires confirmation (cf. Andersen 1995, Kanyukova 1997, Fent et al. 2011, Aukema et al. 2013a). The record of H. pusillus from Kazakhstan by Esenbekova et al. (2015) might be based on mistaking the names H. pilipes as H. pusillus , resulting in the omission of H. pilipes in that paper.

Comments. The subspecies status of H. pusillus canariensis was questioned by Nieser & Montes (1984) and Baena & Báez (1990). Andersen (1995) mentioned in his catalogue that H. dupuisi is probably a synonym of H. pusillus ( Fallén, 1807) . Finally, Baena (1996) synonymized both taxa with H. pusillus pusillus , using material of the latter species from Europe, Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. Currently, there are 3 species of Hebrus s. str. recorded from North Africa, but no confirmed record of H. pusillus . This suggests that Baena might have been working with mixture of species. The examined specimens of H. dupuisi from East Pyrenees Mts. have pale yellowish legs and colouration and golden pilosity similar to that of H. montanus , but the structure of the metanotal elevation and erect hairs on the metatibia of the single examined male resembles that of H. pusillus . The status of H. dupuisi , H. pusillus canariensis and H. pusillus pombasi require further confirmation.

Hebrus pusillus canariensis was described based on 2 Ƌ and 4 ♀ syntypes from the Canary Islands, Gran Canaria, Aldea S. Nicolas ( Poisson 1954a), which should be deposited in MZHF in Helsinki ( Andersen 1995). In the MZHF are 26 specimens from the type locality ‘Gran Canaria: Aldea S. Nicolas 1.3.1949, (L) [= Lindberg]’, one labelled ‘holotype’, one as ‘allotype’ and 12 as ‘paratypes’ (L. Huldén, pers. comm.). One more female from the type locality labelled as paratype is deposited in the NMPC in Prague ( Kment & Kolínová 2013). The collection at MZHF also includes specimens labelled as paratypes originating from other localities (Tenerife: Valle de Masca, 12.– 13.5.1947, (L) [= Lindberg], 2 ‘paratypes’; Tenerife: Adeje, Barranco de infierno, 24.5.1950, (L), 10 spec. (5 labelled as ‘paratypes‘; Gran Canaria: Valle de Tejeda, 7.6.1947, (L), 4 ‘paratypes’; Gran Canaria: Valle de Tejeda, 28.– 29.3.1949, (L), 5 spec. (1 labelled as ’paratype’) which, however, cannot be considered as part of the type series.

Hebrus sericeus A. Costa, 1864 , described from Benevento in southern Italy and considered a synonym of H. pusillus pusillus since Puton (1884), may be a junior synonym of H. montanus (as suggested by yellowish pubescence mentioned in the original description of H. sericeus ) or a senior synonym of H. eckerleini (if that taxon is indeed valid). The types of H. sericeus should be re-examined in the future.

Kanyukova (1997, 2006) provided key characteristics to distinguish H. pusillus pusillus and H. montanus , including colouration of the femora and clavus, shape of the metanotal elevation and bucculae, and the distribution of long hairs on the male metatibia. Linnavuori & Hosseini (2000) re-used the illustrations by Kanyukova (1997) but used different set of characters in the key, combining size and proportions of the body and shape of the metanotal elevation. It is quite possible to identify some specimens as H. montanus using the key by Kanyukova (1997, 2006) and as H. pusillus using the key by Linnavuori & Hosseini (2000). For these reasons, the recent records of H. pusillus from Iran ( Sakenin et al. 2010, Samin et al. 2011) require confirmation. On the other hand, specimens of H. pusillus arabicus key to H. montanus or some of the central Asiatic species of Hebrus s. str. using Kanyukova (1997, 2006), which is documented by the case of a misidentified specimen of H. pusillus arabicus from Isin (see below).

Linnavuori (1986) provided illustrations of the pronotum and metanotal elevations and commented on colouration of populations from Israel and Turkey ascribed by him as H. pusillus pusillus . Kment & Jindra (2006), Kment & Kanyukova (2010) and Fent et al. (2011) recorded only H. montanus from that area instead of H. pusillus pusillus . However, material from the Near East is scarce and identification of isolated females is tentative. The reexamination of voucher specimens of Linnavuori (1960, 1986) is needed.

Andersen (1995) gave the type depository for Hebrus letzneri Scholtz, 1847 as UWCP with a question mark. However, the majority of types in Wrocław were destroyed during World War II (J. Gorczyca, pers. comm.).

Figures

FIGURE 71. Distribution of Hebrus pusillus pusillus (Fallén, 1807) (confirmed occurrence in green, unconfirmed records in yellow), H. pusillus arabicus Linnavuori, 1971 (red), H. dupuisi Wagner, 1954 (blue circle), H. pusillus canariensis Poisson, 1954 (blue triangle), and H. pusillus pombasi Poisson, 1959 (blue square).