Grosphus hirtus Kraepelin, 1901, 1900

Lowe, Graeme & Kovařík, František, 2019, Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae), Euscorpius 281, pp. 1-128 : 60

Grosphus hirtus Kraepelin, 1901

1♂ ( holotype of Grosphus garciai Lourenço, 2001 , Figs. 66 , 291–292 , 294–305 ) 1juv. (paratype, Figs. 213 , 293 ), Majunga Province, Ankarafantsika Reserve, Ampijoroa , 16°18’45.2”S 46°48’54.2”E, 73 m a. s. l., VI.2000, leg. García Herrero ( MHNG); 1♀ (labeled Grosphus madagascariensis , Fig. 197 ), Majunga Province, Ankarafantsika Reserve, Forest Station Ampijoroa , Ampijoroa village , 16°18’45.2”S 46°48’54.2”E, 73 m a. s. l., VI.2000, leg. García Herrero ( MHNG); 1♂ (labeled Grosphus garciai ), Majunga Province, Ankarafantsika Reserve, Forest Station Ampijoroa , 16°18’S 46°48’E, sand area of Paquypodium (= Pachypodium ) , 27.II.2001 - 1.III.2001, leg. García Herrero ( MHNG); 4♂ 4♀ 1juv. ( Figs. 64 , 196 , 212 , 263– 290 ), southwestern region, inland zone between Ranohira and Llakaka , IX.2004, leg. W. R. Lourenço (ZMUH); 1♂ ( Figs. 11 , 21 , 96, 122 , 134 , 181 ), Antsiranana Province, Reserve Special d’Analamerana, Fôret d’Ankavanana, 15.8 km SE Anivorano- Nord, 12°47.7’S 49°22.1’E, 200 m a. s. l., 23.I.2004, pitfall trap, in particularly disturbed mixed dry deciduous and humid forest, leg. S. M. Goodman, SMG#14135 (FMNH 86976); 1♀ ( Figs. 11 , 42 , 96, 146 , 167 , 182 ), Mahajanga Province, Forêt de Beanka, 18°01’23”S 44°30’08”E, 220 m a. s. l., slightly disturbed dry deciduous forest, leg. Z. H. Harimpitia, Z.H H-032 (FMNH 3482761); 1♂ ( Fig. 60, 62 ), N Antsiranana Province, Diego Suarez env., E of Ramena village, 12°15’9.95”S 49°21’31.05”E, ca. 50 m a. s. l., (FKCP, GLPC); 1♂ ( Fig. 61 ), Mahajanga Province, Mahajamba riv., Ampatika env., 16°08’S 47°15’E, 2002(FKCP, GLPC); 4♂ 3♀ 37juvs.( Fig.63 ), Majunga Province, Ankarafantsika Reserve, Forest Station Ampijoroa , “Jardin Botanique A” , 16°18’S 46°48’E, 24.-24.II.2001, leg. García Herrero ( MHNG); 1♂ 1♀ ( Figs. 65 , 198 ), Toamasina Province, Forêt de Vohitaly, site F, 5 km SE village Anjiahely, 15°26’58”S 49°32’06”E, 540–680 m a. s. l., 28.XII.2002, leg. V. Andrianjakarivelo ( MHNG); 1♂ ( Fig. 64 ), southwestern region, inland zone between Ranohira and Llakaka, IX.2004, leg. W. R. Lourenço (ZMUH); 1♂ 1♀ ( Figs. 21 , 42 , 97, 133 , 149 , 166 ), Mahajanga Province, SE d’Ampijoroa, 16°19.4’S 46°48.4’E, 160 m a. s. l., in dry deciduous forest on white sand, 20.IV.2003, leg. S. M. Goodman, SMG#13631,#13632 pitfall 2 (FMNH ♂ 73434, ♀ 73436), det. as G. garciai .

Figures

Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.

Figures 291–292. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai, dorsal (291) and ventral (292) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 293–305. Grosphus hirtus. Figure 293. Juvenile paratype of G. garciai, pedipalp chela dorsal. Figures 294–305. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai. Figures 294–302. Left pedipalp (mirrored), pedipalp chela, dorsal (294), external (295) and ventrointernal (296) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (297), external (298) and ventral (299) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (300) and dorsal (301) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (302). Figures 303–305. Carapace and tergites I–III (303), sternopectinal region and sternites III–VI (304) and telson lateral view (305).

Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).

Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).

Figures 263–266. Grosphus hirtus, habitus. Male (263–264) and female (265–266), in dorsal (263, 265) and ventral (264, 2662) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 267–274. Grosphus hirtus, telson lateral view in male (267) and female (268); metasoma and telson in male and female, lateral (269, 272), ventral (270, 273) and dorsal (271, 274) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (269–274).

Figures 275–290. Grosphus hirtus. Figures 275–277, 289–290. Female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (275) and external (276) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (277) view; sternopectinal region and sternite III (289) and carapace and tergites I–III (290). Figures 278–288. Male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (278), external (279) and ventrointernal (280) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (281), external (282) and ventral (283) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (284) and dorsoexternal (285) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (286); sternopectinal region and sternite III (287) and carapace and tergites I–III (288).

Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).

Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.

Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.

Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).

Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).

Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).

Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).