Condyloderes paradoxus, Higgins, 1969

Neuhaus, Birger, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Yamasaki, Hiroshi & Higgins, Robert P., 2019, Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov., Zootaxa 4561 (1), pp. 1-91 : 31

Re-description of Condyloderes paradoxus based on type material

( Figs 13–17 ; Tables 1, 2, 7)

Diagnosis. Neck placids with condyles in two rows in narrower placids and three rows in broader placids; narrower placids with one apical and one basal condyle; broader placids with two condyles both in apical, intermediate, and basal row; midventral placid with three apical and basal condyles and two in intermediate row; acicular spine middorsally on segments 1–10, midterminally on segment 11, lateroventrally on segments 1–9 (and on segment 10 in female only), and laterodorsally on segment 10 (male only); cuspidate spine ventrolaterally on segments 2, 5 and 9 and lateral accessorily on segments 4 and 8; type-6 sensory spot ventromedially on segments 1 (slightly more paraventrally) and 2–9, lateroventrally on segment 10 (male only), sublaterally on segments 1–3 and 5–9, midlaterally on segments 1 and 2, laterodorsally on segments 1–9, subdorsally on segment 10, and paradorsally on segments 1 (almost subdorsally), 2 and 4–9; ventromedial appendage on segments 7 and 8 and area of micropapillae ventromedially on segment 9 in female only.

Material examined. Holotypic male (USNM 37460), four paratypic females (USNM 37461, 1209809; USNM 1209808 and 1209812, previously identified as males), six paratypic males (USNM 1209804, 1209805, 1209807, 1209810, 1209813, 1209814), and one juvenile moulting (USNM 1209811) ( Fig. 1 ; Table 1).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Map of locations of all known species of Condyloderes identified to species level; see Table 1 for location data. Filled symbols indicate specimens studied in this article, open symbols refer to specimens not investigated here.

FIGURE 13. Condyloderes paradoxus. A, B. Habitus of holotypic male (USNM 37460) in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view. Sublateral sensory spot on segment 1 indicated by dotted lines not observed in holotype but very likely based on observation of spots in other paratypic adults (see text). Cuspidate spines highlighted by grey colour. Scale bar 100 µm, valid for A and B. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; cu, cuspidate spine; ld10, laterodorsal spine of segment 10; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; md2, middorsal spines of segment 2; mts, midterminal spine; ne, protonephridial openings; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot.

FIGURE 14. Condyloderes paradoxus. A, B. Habitus of paratypic female (USNM 37461, allotype) from ventrolateral-right (A) and left side (B). Notice cuspidate spine on segment 9 in lateral accessory instead of ventrolateral position representing variation. Cuspidate spines highlighted by grey colour. Scale bar 100 µm, valid for A and B. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; cu, cuspidate spine; gp, gonopore; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; md7, middorsal spines of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ne, protonephridial openings; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot.

FIGURE 15. Condyloderes paradoxus, holotypic male (USNM 37460) in ventral (A–C) and dorsal (D–F) view, DIC. A, D. Segments 1–4. B, E. Segments 5–8. C, F. Segments 9–11. Arrowheads in A–F mark type-6 sensory spots. Scale bar in F 50 µm, valid for A–F. Abbreviations: cu, cuspidate spine; ld10, laterodorsal spine of segment 10; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv2, lateroventral spine of segment 2; md6, middorsal spines of segment 6; mts, midterminal spine; s5, segment 5.

FIGURE 16. Condyloderes paradoxus, paratypic male (USNM 1209807, A, B) and paratypic females (USNM 37461, C, D; 1209808, E, F; 1209812, G) from ventral (A, B, E–G) and ventrolateral-right side (C, D), DIC. A, B. Male gonopores at border of segments 10 and 11, different focal levels, same specimen. C, D. Segments 6–8 (C) and 8–11 (D). E–G. Sex-specific characters of two specimens previously identified as males; segments 10 and 11 with female gonopores (E, same specimen as in F), segments 7–11 with appendages and area of micropapillae (F), and segments 6–11 with female gonopores, receptaculum seminis, and female gonad (G). Arrowheads in C, D, F, and G mark type-6 sensory spots. Scale bar in D 50 µm, valid for A–E. Scale bar in G 50 µm, valid for F and G. Abbreviations: amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; go, female gonad; gp, gonopore; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv10, lateroventral spine of segment 10; mts, midterminal spine; rs, receptaculum seminis; s6, segment 6; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot.

FIGURE 17. Condyloderes paradoxus, paratypic males (USNM 1209813, A, B; 1209805, C; 1209810, D) and paratypic juvenile ready for moulting (USNM 1209811, E, F) from left (A, B), ventrolateral-right (C, D), and ventral (E–G) side, DIC. A, B. Segments 1–6 (A) and 6–10 (B), oblique muscles, parasagittal optical section, same specimen. C. Segments 10 and 11, horizontal section. D. Neck with interstitial placids, dorsal view. E, F. Segments 1–6 (E) and 5–11 (F), ventral view, same specimen; arrows in F mark midventral articulation of sternal plates. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for C and D. Scale bar in F 50 µm, valid for A, B, E, and F. Abbreviations: bpl, broader placid; dv, dorsoventral muscle; fa, filamentous appendage of trichoscalid; ip, interstitial placid; la4, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 4; lm, longitudinal muscle; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral acicular spine of segment 1; mts, midterminal spine; om, oblique muscle; s2, segment 2; sp, sperm; tm, transversal muscle; tr, trichoscalid; vl5, ventrolateral cuspidate spine of segment 5.