Helegonatopus pseudophanes Perkins

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 154-156

Helegonatopus pseudophanes Perkins

( Figs 384-391; Hab. E 62, G 63)

Helegonatopus pseudophanes Perkins, 1906:258 . Syntypes EG, USA (Ohio), BPBM, not examined.

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.0- 1.6mm): head black, frontovertex with a dull purple hue; scape dark brown externally, orange-brown internally; flagellum testaceous-brown; pronotum with a dark coppery-purple sheen; mesoscutum more less uniform shining metallic green, rarely metallic blue, clothed in pale, translucent setae that are generally silvery in appearance, posterior margin narrowly coppery purple; tegula dark brown; scutellum dull coppery purple, apex metallic green to metallic blue; legs pale orange; head about 2.9-3.8X as wide as frontovertex; frontovertex slightly shiny with relatively shallow, regular, polygonally reticulate sculpture of slightly smaller mesh size than diameter of eye facet; antenna ( Fig. 385) with scape subcylindrical, about 6.4X as long as broad; funicle with all segments about 1.5X as long as broad, becoming slightly wider and longer distally, linear sensilla present on all segments; clava slender, hardly broadened, about as long as F4-F6 combined; mesoscutum and axilla with polygonally reticulate to imbricate reticulate sculpture that is generally of slightly larger mesh size than that in ocellar area and about as deep; anterior two-thirds of scutellum with conspicuously deeper, coarse polygonally reticulate sculpture, posterior one-third smooth and shiny; fore wing about 2.75X as long as broad, with venation and setation as in Figs 386, 387; costal cell with a single line of setae in apical one-third or so; hypopygium Fig. 389; ovipositor ( Fig. 390) hardly exserted, the exserted part less than 0.2X as long as mid tibial spur. Male (length about 0.9-1.3mm): flagellum brown, F1 usually at least slightly paler, sometimes pale orange; frontovertex and face with a distinct metallic green or blue-green sheen; head about 1.8X as wide as frontovertex; a tight group of 2-8 bristle-like setae medially at top of scrobes, above these numerous, fairly dense, scattered, shorter setae on frontovertex; gena, and area above mouth margin with several conspicuous, longer, erect, setae; antenna ( Fig. 388) with scape triangular, broadest at base, about 2.4X as long as broad, funicle 5-segmented, all segments at least about 4-5X as long as broad, clothed in setae not longer than 1.5X diameter of segment; aedeagus (Fig, 391) slightly less than half length of mid tibia.

DISTRIBUTION. Recorded from Canada (new record), USA (mainland and Hawaii), Cuba , Jamaica, Dominican Republic (new record), Puerto Rico (new record), St Vincent & Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago, Mexico (new record), Guatemala (new record), Belize (new record), Costa Rica (new record), Venezuela (new record), Surinam (new record), Ecuador, Peru (new record), Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina (see below and also Noyes 2019).

HOSTS. Recorded as a parasitoid of Gonatopus Ljungh ( Perkins, 1906) , Gonatopus ashmeadi Kieffer ( Fry, 1989) , Gonatopus cavazzutii Olmi and Pseudogonatopus flavus Olmi ( De Santis & Fidalgo, 1994) and Haplogonatopus vitiensis Perkins. ( Herting, 1977) ( Hymenoptera : Dryinidae ) parasitising various auchenorrhynchus Hemiptera , e.g. Amblysellus Sleesman ( Hemiptera : Cicadellidae ), Megamelus Fieber , ( Hemiptera : Delphacidae ) (see Noyes, 2019). Recorded below from Haplogonatopus crucianus Olmi (new record) ( Hymenoptera : Dryinidae ). Also recorded below from Florida as a gregarious parasitoid of the pupa of a syrphid ( Diptera : Syrphidae ) feeding on aphids. A series was reared from a single syrphid puparium (? Ocyptamus Macquart , det. N.P. Wyatt, 2022) which is mounted together with one of the parasitoids (NHMUK). This confirms the record of this species being a hyperparasitoid of Baccha Fabricius ( Diptera : Syrphidae ) in Brazil ( De Santis, 1980).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Non type material. CANADA, 1E, Ontario, Shirley’s Bay, viii.1985 (M. Sanbourne); 2E, Ontario, 15km W Ottawa, Shirley’s Bay, 13.viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, 1G, Ontario, Ottawa, Mer Bleu, bog, 26.vii- 15.ix.1982 (H. Goulet); 1E, Ontario, Ottawa, viii.1978 (L. Masner); 1E, Ontario, Ottawa, 15-26.vi.1984 (A. Austin); 1E, 2G, Ontario, Ottawa, Fallowfield, 3.viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Ontario, nr Ottawa, Constance Bay, 18.viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 5E, Ontario, Morrisburg, viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 1G, Ontario, Innisville, Carleton Place, 10.viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Quebec, Gatineau N. Parc, nr Ottawa, 20.ix.1973 (Z. Bouček); 1G, Quebec, Gatineau Park, 20.viii-6.ix.1983 (L. Masner); 4E, Quebec, Gatineau Pk, Luskville Falls, 11. ix.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 8E, 5G, Quebec, Gatineau Park, Ridge Rd, viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Quebec, Gatineau Park, King Mt., 24.viii.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 9E, 2G, Quebec, Hwy 201, 8km SW Rigaud, 9.ix.1985 (J.S. Noyes); 8E, 8G, Quebec, Lac Roddick, 1.ix.1985 (Noyes); 1E, 1G, Quebec, Bristol Mines, 45°31’N 78°27’W, open fine sand, 1-12.viii.1987 (H. Goulet, L. Dumouchel); 1E, Quebec, Bristol Mines, 45°30’N 78°21’W, 27.viii-4.ix.1987 (H. Goulet, L. Dumouchel). USA, 3E, “ Helegonatopus pseudophanes E U.S.A. R.C.L. Perkins ”; 2E, Hawaii, Oahu, Ewa, 21.xii.1961 and 21.x.1965 (J.S. Beardsley); 1G, Oahu, Waipo peninsula, 4.v.1966 (J.W. Beardsley); 1G, Florida, Eureka nr Ocala, 3.ix.1976 (Z. Bouček); 1E, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, vi.1983 (D. Wahl); 1E, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, airport (N), 7.vii.1987 (J.S. Noyes); 6E, 2G, Florida, Alachua. Gainesville, Lactuca ex syrphid puparium,/aphid pred. 9072, 26. vi.1989; 1E, Florida, Dade C., Everglades NP, Long Pine Key, vi.1986 (S. & J. Peck); 1E, Florida, N. Key Largo, SP, 8-9.v.1992 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Georgia, Clark Co., Athens , beaver swamp, vi.1987 ( BRC Hym Team); 1E, Illinois, Fayette Co., Wright’s Corner, 7.vii.1980 (S. Heydon); 1E, 1G, Illinois, Effingham Co., 2ml E Shumway, 7.vii.1980 (S. Heydon); 1G, Illinois, Effingham Co., 1 ml SSE Beecher City, 7.vii.1980 (S. Heydon); 3E, 1G, Maryland, Patuxent Wildlife Reserve, vii.1982 (Fitton, Quinlan); 1E, MN, Lac Qui Parle, LQP County Park, 6.ix.1985 (P. Hanson); 1E, Missouri, Williamsville, v.1970 (J.T. Becker); 6E, Missouri, Williamsville, viii.1987 and 10-26.ix.1987 and 21.x-11.xi.1988 (J.T. Becker); 1E, 1G, Oklahoma, Latimer Co., Red Oak, xii.1993 (K. Stephen); 2E, NH, Mt Washington, 5500ft, 20.viii.1981 (H. Goulet); 2E, SC, Anderson Co., Pendleton, 250km, Hardwood forest, 1-7.vii.1987 ( BRC Hym Team); 1G, Texas, Kerr Co., 2000’, 5 ml W Hunt, 1-2.vii.1982 (G.A.P. Gibson); 1G, Texas, 5200’, Culberson Co., Guadalupe Springs, 20-22.vii.1982 (G.A.P. Gibson); 1E, Texas, Burnet Co., Inks Lake SP, 2.v.1987 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Virginia, Burke, 15.viii.1976 (Z. Bouček). JAMAICA, 1E, 2G, St Andrew Parish, Hardwar Gap, 2.vii.1982 (N. & J. Johnson). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 3E, 2G, Duarte, 20km N San Francisco de Macoris, Lamo Quito Espuela, 300m, 18.iii.1991 (L. Masner). PUERTO RICO, 1E, 1G, Mun., San Juan, Rio Piedras, Est. Exper. Agric., 19.v.1982 (S.L. Heydon). ST LUCIA, 7E, Univ. Waterloo Research Station, x.1984 (D. Moore). ST VINCENT, 1E, 4G, Charlotte, Montreal, edge of rainforest, 8.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 1G, St George, Kingstown, wasteground, 4.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, St George, Kingstown, botanic gardens, 13.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, 1E, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 18.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St George, Arena Reserve, rainforest, 3.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). MEXICO, 1E, Tabasco, Teapa, March (H.H.S.; Godman-Salvin coll. 1904-1); 1E, Vera Cruz, 5.6km NE Coscomatepec, 1130m, 22.vi.1983 (R. Anderson); 1E, Chiapas, Ocozocoautla, i.1984 (M. Badii); 2E, 1G, Puebla, Zaca Pouxtla, 18.v.1985 (J.M. Smith). GUATEMALA, 6E, Zacapa, San Lorenzo, 750m, xi.1986 (M. Sharkey). BELIZE, 1G, Ambergria, Caye, 26.iii.1993 (J. Denis, K. Bolte). COSTA RICA, 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, Hacienda 1-0, 5-26.x.1985 (Janzen, Gauld); 2E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, H 4C, 18.x-8.xi.1986 and iii.1987 (D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1G, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, Hacienda 3-0, 11.v-1.vi.1985 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Pitilla ( ACG), 700m, MT/YPT, 12-16.ii.1996 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, 13km E Filadelfia, Hda El Viejo, 40m, v-vi.1989 (M. Garcia); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Guanacaste, San Cristobal, #51905, 17.viii-17.ix.1996 (F.A. Quezada); 2E, Guanacaste, Tierras Morenas, ZP Tenorio, Rio San Lorenzo, LN 287800 427600, 1050m, vii.1994 and iv.1995 (G. Rodriguez); 4E, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, PN Marino Las Baulas, LN 258040 332690, 0m, 16.viii.2000 and 14.xii.2000 (Y. Cardénas); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, Vista del Mar, Torre Cocesna, LN 357490 235430, 970m, #61247, xii.2000 - i.2001 (Y. Cardénas); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Campo Aterrizaje, LN 258700 389200, YPT, #52842, vii.1999 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, Cerro Guayacan, LN 259450 388750, 150m, MT, #53297, 15.vi.1999 (I. Jiménez); 5E, 3G, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, LN 260952 385020, 10- 50m, various dates 2.xii.1999 - 18.iii.2000 (I. Jiménez); 9E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Catalina, Fila Catalina, LN 257400 400000, 250m, #54956, xii.1999 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, 125m N Estación, LN 259050 388400, 0m, #59291, x.2000 (I. Jiménez); 2E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, 150m E Estación, LN 260952 385020, 10m, YPT, #53297, 4-14.ix.1999 (I. Jiménez); 2E, Alajuela, Chiles de Aguas Zarcas, cafe, xii.1989 (R. Céspedes); 1E, Alajuela, Aguas Zarcas, La Chiles, cafe, iii.1990 (P. Hanson); 2E, Alajuela, San Cristobal, LN 318056 383200, 600-820m, #51902, 23.ii-25.iii.1996 (F.A. Quezada, D. Briceno); 1E, Alajuela, Peñas Blancas, 9.vi.1987 (E. Cruz); 4E, Alajuela, San Pedro de la Tigra, 200m, cacao, i-ii.1990 (R. Cespedes); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, La Peninsula , 10°27’N 84°40’W, 600m, 25.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Alajuela, San Ramon BS, 700m, YPT, 26.iii.1996 (L. Masner); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, ix.1995 ( OET / INBio); 1E, Heredia, 16km SSE La Virgen, 10°16’N 85°05’W, 1050-1150m, 11/M/TN, 10.ii-21.iv.2001 ( INBio / OET-ALAS); 1E, Heredia, 16km SSE La Virgen, 10°16’N 85°05’W, 1050-1150m, 11/M/NOTN, 9.ii-21.iv.2001 ( INBio / OET-ALAS); 1E, Heredia, 11km SE La Virgen, 10°11’N 84°07’W, 450-550m, 05/M/TN, 23.ii-20.iv.2003 ( INBio OET-ALAS); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 217300 526200, TM, #67118, 11.ii-18.iii.2002 (R. Zuniga); 1E, 1G, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 217400 526250, iii.2002 (J.A. Azofeifa, J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Braulio Carrillo NP, 4-500m, 11-12.iv.1985 (L. Masner, H. Goulet); 7E, 2G, San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, various dates v.1991 - iv.1999 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, Ciudad Colon, 800m, ii.1990 (L. Fournier); 1E, San José, Cerro Muerte, 19km W Empalme, 2600m, 1991 (P. Hanson, C. Godoy); 2G, Cartago, Paraiso, PN Tapanti, 1200-1600m, iv.1999 (C. Hansson); 1E, Cartago, PN Tapanti, 9°45’N 83°47’W, 1200-1500m, 20. iii-10.iv.2000 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí ); 1E, Cartago, PN Tapanti-Macizo de la Muerte, Send. Arboles Caldos, LN 561400 192500, 1500m, #61077, ix-x.2000 ( D. Rubí ); 2G, Puntarenas, Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 14-15.ii.2005 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, Manuel Antonio, 23-26.viii.1986 (L. Masner); 1E, 1G, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, 9°03’N 83°00’W, 1450m, ii.2002 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, Wilson Bot. Gdns, 18-22.iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Puntarenas, PN Piedras Blancas, Alrededor de Estac. El Bonito, LS 259300 540900, 100m, #72910, 17.i.2003 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Los Patos, 8°33’N 83°30’W, 200m, 1-9.iii.2000 (J.S. Noyes, J.A. Azofeifa); 12E, 4G, Puntarenas, PN Corcovado, Rio Rincon, 3km NE Los Patos [18°33’N 83°30’W], 50m, 1-9.iii.2000 (J. A. Azofeifa); 2G, Puntarenas, Est. Agujas, El Tigre, LS 529600 277800, 34m, #62435, 25.iv.2001 (J. Azofeifa); 2E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 3km SW Rincon, iii-iv.1991and i.1992 (P. Hanson); 2E, Puntarenas, 5km N Puerto Jimenez, 8°33’N 83°21’W, i-ii.1991 and i-ii.1992 (P. Hanson); 3E, Puntarenas, Pen. Osa , Puerto Jimenez, 10m, iv.1991 and x.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, Golfito, Puerto Jimenez, Bosque del Cabo, LS 259300 540900, #72911, 30.i.2003 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Limón, PN Braulio Carrillo, Est. Quebrada Gonzalez, LN 238380 543100, 400-500m, #67599, 23.iv.2002 (P. Hanson, C. Godoy). VENEZUELA, 1E, Merida, Tabay, La Mucuy, 1900m, vi-viii.1989 (S. & J. Peck); 2E, Merida, 2km W La Azulita, 11.iv.1988 (A.T. Finnamore, C.E. Baxfield). SURINAM, 1G, Marowine Prov., 30km E Paramaribo on Albina Hwy , 6. ii.1985 (A.T. Finnamore, T.W. Thormin). ECUADOR, 3E, Galapagos, S. Cristobal, 6km E Baquerizo, 150m, ii.1989 (Peck, Sinclair); 1E, Galapagos, Santa Cruz, Media Luna, Puntudo pampa, 600-700m, ii.1989 (S. Peck); 2E, 1G, Galapagos, S. Cruz I., El Puntudo, 800m, ex Haplogonatopus crucianus Olmi ( Dryinidae ), 19.i.1989 (M. Olmi); 1G, Galapagos, Isabela, 12km NW Villamil iii.1989 (Peck, Sinlcair); 150m, 2E, 1G, Napo, Tena , 5.ii.1986 (A.T. Finnamore); 8E, 2G, S. Domingo, Las Pampas, ex Pseudogonatopus flavus Olmi , 29.iii.1986 (M. Olmi); 1E, Baeza, 1800m, ex Gonatopus cavazzutii Olmi , 5.iv.1986 (M. Olmi). PERU, 1E, Cuzco, Agua Caliente, 20-28.xii.1983 (L. Huggert); 3G, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 29.i.1984 (L. Huggert); 1G, Madre de Dios, Pto Maldonado, 2-9.i.1984 (L. Huggert). Material in NHMUK, MZUCR and CNC.

COMMENTS. Of the other species of the genus the female is most similar to that of citripes Erdös, but differs in having the frontovertex dull, dark purple and the tegulae dark brown whereas in citripes the frontovertex is metallic green and the tegulae are basally pale yellow with the apex translucent pale brown. The males of citripes also have a 5-segmented funicle, but have the scape is sublinear and the tegulae are coloured as in the female. The males of pseudophanes have a distinctly triangular scape and dark brown tegulae.