Zaitunia

Sergei Zonstein & Yuri M. Marusik, 2016, A revision of the spider genus Zaitunia (Araneae, Filistatidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 214, pp. 1-97 : 11-13

Key to the species groups of Zaitunia

Males

(Males in the Zaitunia persica -group are unknown.)

1. Cymbium longer than bulb, embolus short, without base, spermophore occupies whole bulb ( Figs 7 A– B,20A,C)……………………………………………………………………………………………2

– Cymbium shorter than bulb or subequal in length, embolus with long base, spermophore in base of embolus straight ( Figs 9 A–C, 10I, 13C–D, 24A–D, 27C, E, 28G–I, 30H–J, 32D–G, 35A–D, 37A–C) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………3

2. Dark coloured, carapace often without pattern, cymbium without retrolateral brush of modified setae, tegulum cylindrical with very wide spermophore occupying whole bulb ( Figs 7 A–D, 43A) ………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… schmitzi -group

– Pale coloured, cymbium with retrolateral brush of modified setae, tegulum rounded, terminal coil of spermophore 2 times thinner than basal coil ( Figs 20 A–C, 43E) …………………… logunovi -group

3. Pale coloured; base of embolus with more or less developed ventral keel, either embolus completely screw-shaped or tip of embolus hooked or curved gradually ( Figs 24 A–D, 27C, E, 28G–I, 30H–J, 32D–G, 35A–D,37A–C,43F,44) ……………………………………………………………………4

– Dark coloured; base of embolus without ventral keel, only tip of embolus screw-shaped ( Figs 9 A–C, 10I, 13C–D, 43B–D) ……………………………………………………………… annulipes -group

4. Embolus curved or hooked apically ( Figs 28 G–I, 30H–J, 32D–G, 35A–D, 37A–C, 44B–F) ………5

– Embolus screw-shaped ( Figs 24 A–D, 27C, E, 43F, 44A) ………………………… spinimana -group

5. Embolus with raised keel, hooked apically ( Figs 28 G–I, 30H–J, 32D–G, 44C–D) ………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… beshkentica- group

– Embolus with vestigial keel, curved apically ( Figs 35 A–D, 37A–C, 44E–F) … maracandica -group

Females

(Females of the spinimana , beshkentica and maracandica species groups can be confidently distinguished from each other only by the shape of the receptacles, but this feature is not a group-specific character).

1. Intensely brown-coloured spiders; abdomen uniformly brown; legs always with darker though diffuse fasciae ( Figs 5 A–B, 6A, 8E–G, 10A–E, 11A–E, 12A–B, D–E) ……………………………………2

– Pale yellowish-coloured spiders; abdomen pale yellow or yellowish-grey, with or without darker dorsal pattern; legs often uniformly pale without darker fasciae ( Figs 14 A–D, 15A–B, 16C, 17A–B, 18A, 19A–D, 22A–G, 26A, 27F, 29A–H, 30A–B, 31A, 34A, C–D, 35K, 36A–C, 38A–D, 39A–C, 41A–C) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………3

2. Legs I–IV with broader and less contrasting fasciae ( Figs 5 A–B, 6A); receptacles as in Figs 5 C–D, 7E–K ……………………………………………………………………………… schmitzi -group

– Legs I–IV with narrower and more contrasting fasciae ( Figs 8 E–G, 10A–E, 11A–E, 12A–B, D–E); receptacles as in Figs 9 D–F, 11F–G, 12G–I ……………………………………… annulipes -group

3. Four distinct receptacle heads ( Figs 21 , 25 , 26 B–C, E, 27H–I, 29I –K, 30C–E, 32H–I, 35E–J, 36D–E, 38E–I, 40, 41I –M) …………………………………………………………………………………4

– Two receptacle heads, entire or subdivided ( Figs 14 G–K, 15E–G, 16A–B, D–F, 17D, F–H, 18D–E) ……………………………………………………………………………………… persica -group

4. Median receptacles tubular, not diverging laterally and always considerably longer than lateral pair ( Fig. 21 ) …………………………………………………………………………… logunovi- group

– Median receptacles often rounded, of same size or even shorter than lateral pair ( Figs 26 B–C, E, 27H–I, 30C–E, 33A–B, D, 35E–J, 38E–I, 40, 41I –M); if longer, they diverge laterally as in Figs 25 , 29 I–K, 36D–E ………………………………………………………………………………………5

5. Receptacles as in Figs 25 , 26 B–C, E, 27H–I …………………………………… spinimana - group

– Receptacles different ( Figs 29 I–K, 30C–E, 32H–I, 34E–J, 35D–E, 37E–I, 39, 41I –M) ………………6

6. Receptacles as in Figs 29 I–K, 30C–E, 33A–D ………………………………… beshkentica - group

– Receptacles different ( Figs 35 E–J, 36D–E, 38E–I, 40, 41I –M) ……………… maracandica - group

Figures

Fig. 5. Zaitunia halepensis sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A – B. Habitus, lateral and dorsal. C – D. Endogyne.

Fig. 7. Copulatory organs of Zaitunia schmitzi (Kulczyński, 1911), ♂ (A – D) and ♀ (E – K) from Jerusalem area. — A – B. Palp, retrolateral and prolateral. C – D. Same, ventro-prolateral and ventroretrolateral. E, G, K. Endogyne, anterior. F. Same, posterior. H, J. Receptacles, dorsal and anterior. I. Endogyne, dorsal.

Fig. 8. Somatic characters of Zaitunia annulipes (Kulczyński, 1908), ♂ from Paramali (A – D) and ♀ from Germasogenea (E – G). — A, E. Habitus, dorsal. B. Same, frontal. C. Prosoma, dorsal. D, G. Habitus, lateral. F. Same, ventral. Scale bars: A, D – G = 0.5 mm; B – C = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 9. Copulatory organs of Zaitunia annulipes (Kulczyński, 1908), ♂ from Paramali (A – C) and ♀ from Germasogenea (D – F). — A – C. Palp, prolateral, ventro-retrolateral and retrolateral. D. Endogyne, anterior. E – F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A – C = 0.2 mm; D – F = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 14. Somatic characters and endogyne of Zaitunia afghana (Roewer, 1962), holotype, ♀. A – B. Habitus, dorsal and ventral. C. Prosoma, dorsal. D. Habitus, lateral. E – F. Calamistrum from above and lateral. G – I, K. Endogyne, dorsal. J. Right receptacle, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D = 1.0 mm; B – C = 0.5 mm; E – G, I = 0.2 mm; H = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 20. Palp of Zaitunia logunovi sp. nov., paratype, ♂. A – C. Terminal part, retrolateral, ventroretrolateral and prolateral. D – E. Entire palp, prolateral and proventral. Scale bars: A, C = 0.1 mm; B, E = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 21. Endogyne of Zaitunia logunovi sp. nov., paratype, ♀. A – B, E – F. Endogyne, dorsal. C. Receptacles, posterior. D, G. Endogyne, dorsal-anterior. Scale bars: A – B = 0.1 mm; C – D = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 24. Somatic characters of Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), ♂ from Gandzhina. A, C. Habitus, dorsal and lateral. B, D. Prosoma, dorsal and lateral.

Fig. 25. Palp and somatic characters of Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), ♂ from Gandzhina. A, D. Palp, retro- and prolateral. B – C. Terminal part of palp, retro-ventral and prolateral. E. Cephalic part of carapace, dorsal. F. Abdomen, ventral.

Fig. 26. Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), structure of endogyne in ♀♀ from Gandzhina (A – C, J), Kopetdagh (D – E), Babatagh (F – I, K – L) and Pyandzh Karatau (M – O). — A, I. Endogynal plate from above. B, D, L, N – O. Endogyne, dorsal. C, M. Endogyne, ventral. E, G, H, J – K. Endogyne, dorsal-anterior. F. Right pair of receptacles, dorsal-anterior.

Fig. 28. Somatic characters and palp of Zaitunia beshkentica (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), ♂♂ from Khurshedi (A – C, G – I) and Babatagh (D – F). — A, E. Habitus, dorsal. B. Body, dorsal. C. Prosoma, dorsal. D, F. Habitus, doro-lateral and lateral. G. Palp, retrolateral. H – I. Same, prolateral.

Fig. 29. Somatic characters and endogyne of Zaitunia beshkentica (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), ♀♀ from Chiluchor-Chashma (A – B), Babatagh (C – F) and Khurshedi (G – K). — A, F – G. Prosoma, dorsal. B – C, H. Habitus, dorsal. D – E. Same, lateral and dorso-lateral. I – K. Endogyne, dorsal.

Fig. 35. Copulatory organs and somatic characters of Zaitunia ferghanensis sp. nov., paratype, ♂ from Osh (A – D) and paratypes, ♀♀ from Djalal-Abad (E – J) and Ferghana (K). — A. Palp, prolateral. B – D. Terminal part of palp, retrolateral, ventral and dorsal. E – J. Endogyne (variants), dorsal. K. Habitus, dorsal.