Apopyllus silvestrii ( Simon, 1905 )

Azevedo, Guilherme H. F., Ott, Ricardo, Griswold, Charles E. & Santos, Adalberto J., 2016, A taxonomic revision of the ground spiders of the genus Apopyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae), Zootaxa 4178 (3), pp. 301-327 : 305-306

Apopyllus silvestrii ( Simon, 1905)

Figs 2 A–D, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A–B, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A, 14A

Melanophora silvestrii Simon, 1905: 4 . Male and female syntypes from Cañadón Misioneros, Río Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Argentina (49° 59' 19.83" S 68° 33' 16.68" W) deposited in MNHN 13462 (examined).

Zelotes silvestrii: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 151 .

Zelotes melanophorus Mello-Leitão, 1941: 169 , fig. 59. Male and female syntypes from Colalao, Tucumán, Argentina (31º14’3”S, 64º15’40”W), deposited in MLP 14895 (examined through photographs). Synonymized by Platnick & Shadab (1984).

Gytha argentina Mello-Leitão, 1944: 351 , fig. 42. Male holotype from La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (34º55’16”S, 57º57’15”W), deposited in MLP 16080 (examined through photographs). Synonymized by Platnick & Shadab (1984).

Apopyllus silvestrii: Platnick & Shadab, 1984: 3 , figs 1–4.

Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished by truncated terminal tip of RTA in dorsal view ( Figs 7 A, 8A), a sinuous outline of the apical keel of RTA ( Fig. 9 A) and dorsal keel of RTA rounded and curved in retrobasal view ( Fig. 9 B). Females can be distinguished by the parallel PDT and LAT and by the secondary spermatheca much smaller than the primary spermatheca ( Figs 12 A, 13A).

Description. See Platnick & Shadab (1984). In addition, the RTA has a small basal retrolateral tubercle ( Fig. 2 C).

Variation. Male carapace length (N=18) 1.84–3.32. Female carapace length (N=15) 2.28–3.32.

Material examined. ARGENTINA : Chubut: Epuyén (labeled as Epuylu), 42º14'3"S, 71º21'3"W, 6Ƌ 3♀ 1 juvenile, 12.VI.1962, A. Kovacs coll. ( AMNH), 1Ƌ 1♀, 2.VIII.1962, A. Kovacs coll. ( AMNH), Esquel, Road to La Hoya, 42º54'S, 71º19'W , 2♀, 16.XI.1988, V. & B. Roth coll. (CASENT 9066946); Córdoba: Pampa de Achala, El Cóndor, 31º36'31"S, 64º45'44"W, 2152.2m , 1♀, 8.XII.1997, A. Kury coll. (MNRJ 6664). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Huatajata: Lake Titicaca , 16º13'37"S, 68º41'37"W, 2Ƌ 1♀, 8.VIII.1993, H. Höfer & A.D. Brescovit coll. ( MCN 23741) . BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Campus da UFMG, 19º51'41"S, 43º57'48"W, 1Ƌ, 6.V.2001, E.O. Machado coll. ( UFMG 686 ), Belo Horizonte, Estação Ecológica da UFMG, 19º52'38"S, 43º58'16"W, 845m , 1♀, I.2001 (UFMG 8330), 1♀, III.2001 (UFMG 8323); Rio Grande do Sul: Bagé , 1Ƌ, 30.X.2003, L. Almeida coll. ( MCTP 16977 ) , 1♀, 30.XII.2003, L. Almeida coll. (MCTP 16976), Carlos Barbosa, 29º18'0"S, 51º30'0"W, 1Ƌ, 28.X.1989, A.A. Lise coll. (MCN 18964), Eldorado do Sul, 1Ƌ, 25–30.XI.1996, G. Carvalho & R. Silva coll. ( MCTP 12551 ), Itaara , 29º45'18"S, 53º59'31"W, 1Ƌ, 24.VIII.2009, R. Alves coll. ( MCTP 26289 ), 29º45'18"S, 57º5'16"W, 3Ƌ 1♀, X.2009, R. Alves coll. ( MCTP 26292, 26293 ) , Morrinhos do Sul, Pixirica , 2♀, 02.XI.2006, A. Gonçalves coll. ( MCN 52302), 1m , 1♀, 1–16.VI.2006, A. Gonçalves coll. (MCN 52300), Porto Alegre, 1Ƌ, 10.V.2000, A. Braul coll. (MCTP 11216), Morrinhos do Sul, Três Passos, 1♀, 01.XI.2006, A. Gonçalves coll. ( MCN 52301), Porto Alegre, Vila Nova , 29º59'29"S, 51º13'16"W, 2Ƌ 1♀, 21.XI.2006, E.L.C. Silva coll. ( MCTP 19720 ), Santana do Livramento, Rincão Bonito do Ibirapuitã, 30º37'49''S, 55º32'26''W, 1Ƌ, 13.XI.2012, Equipe PELD / MCN coll. ( MCN 52296), São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Velho, Pró Mata , 1♀, 20.VII.1999, A. A. Lise coll. (MCTP 12671), 1Ƌ, 21–24.X.1999, A. A. Lise coll. (MCTP 16028), Uruguaiana, Imbaa, 1Ƌ, 24.VI.2009, R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26288), 2♀, 2Ƌ, I.2009, R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26282, 26283, 26285, 26286), 1♀, II.2009, R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26284), 1Ƌ, IX.2009, R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26290), 1Ƌ, X.2009, R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26291), Minas do Leão, 1Ƌ, 12.VI.2008, L. R. Podgaiski coll. (MCN 44393), Viamão, Parque Estadual Itapuã, 2Ƌ, 2♀, 18.IV–06.V.2007, R. Moraes coll. (MCTP 29996); Santa Catarina: Chapecó , 27º6'1"S, 52º35'59"W, 1Ƌ, 23.IX.2008, R.C. Francisco coll. ( MCTP 29641 ), Florianópolis, 27º34'60"S, 48º33'59"W , 1♀, 24.X.1988, V. & B. Roth coll. (CASENT 9066937), 1Ƌ, 23.V.2003, C. E. Santo coll. (MCTP 19765). PERU: Puna: Lake Titicaca , 15º50'28"S, 70º1'31"W, 3900m , 1♀, VI.1947, W. Weyrauch coll. (AMNH); Puno: 60km N Puno, 15º50'24"S, 70º1'18"W, 1Ƌ 1♀ 2 juveniles, 21.II.1951, Ross & Michelbacher coll. (CASENT 9048498) . URUGUAY: Lavalleja: Arequita, Cerro Arequita , 34º17'11"S, 55º16'5"W, 1♀, 5.XII.1997, A.D. Brescovit coll. ( IBSP 14468 ) .

Distribution. Southern Chile and Argentina to southern Peru and central-western Brazil ( Fig. 14 A).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Apopyllus silvestrii (female and legs: UFMG 8323; male: CASENT 9051658): A Epigynum, ventral view. B Vulva, dorsal view. C Expanded male right palp, retrolateral view. D Tarsus of leg IV, showing pseudosegmentation and claw (insert). Abbreviations: AR: anterior ridge, AK: apical keel of retrolateral tibial apophysis, CI: cymbial incision, DK: dorsal keel of retrolateral tibial apophysis, EB: embolus base, ET: embolus tip, LF: lateral field, MA: median apophysis, MF: median field, MTE: membranous tegular extension, PP: paramedian pockets, SS: secondary spermathecae, ST: subtegulum, T: tegulum, Tu: tubercle of retrolateral tibial apophysis, VK: Ventral keel of retrolateral tibial apophysis.

FIGURE 7. Apopyllus spp., male left palp in dorsal view, drawings. A A. silvestrii (MCTP 26293). B A. suavis (IBSP 129024). C A. now (MCZ 22335). D A. ivieorum (AMNH). E A. aeolicus new. sp. (CHNUFPI 1567). F A. centralis new sp. (UFMG 4395). G A. atlanticus new sp. (UFMG 16828).

FIGURE 9. Right palp retrolateral tibial apophysis in apical (A, C, E) and retrobasal (B, D, F) view. A, B A. silvestrii (CAS 9048498). C, D A. suavis (UFMG 5736). E, F A. atlanticus (MCN 52304). Abbreviations: AK: apical keel, AKp: apical keel proximal part, DK: dorsal keel, VK: ventral keel, VKp: ventral keel proximal part.

FIGURE 12. Apopyllus spp., vulva, dorsal view, drawings. A A. silvestrii (MCTP 26293). B A. suavis (MNRJ 58361). C A. malleco (AMNH). D A. huanuco (AMNH). E A. now (MCZ 24971). F A. gandarela new. sp. (UFMG 16876). G A. centralis new sp. (UFMG 4564). H A. atlanticus new sp. (MCTP 27338).

FIGURE 14. Geographic distribution records of Apopyllus species.