Platyrrhinus incarum, : Jones & Carter, 1976

Velazco, Paúl M., Gardner, Alfred L. & Patterson, Bruce D., 2010, Systematics of the Platyrrhinus helleri species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 159 (3), pp. 785-812 : 797-800

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00610.x
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA7DF615-0B8B-43E9-8106-C487017A50F5
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B89A69-650E-9452-FF3F-B73EFA9CB4B8
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Platyrrhinus incarum
status

Treatment

PLATYRRHINUS INCARUM ( THOMAS, 1912) INCAN BROAD- NOSED BAT ( FIGS 6–8 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 View Figure 8 )

Synonyms

Vampyrops zarhinus incarum Thomas, 1912: 409 View in CoL , type locality ‘ Pozuzo , [Pasco,] Peru.’

[ Vampyrops helleri View in CoL ] incarum: Jones & Carter, 1976: 23 ; name combination.

P [latyrrhinus]. h [elleri]. incarum: Ferrell & Wilson, 1991: 1 ; name combination.

Platyrrhinus incarum: Velazco & Patterson, 2008: 750 ; first use of current name combination.

Type series: The holotype, BMNH 12.1 .15.1, is an adult male. Skin and skull, the skull is damaged: there is a hole on the right parietal; the left zygomatic arch is missing along with parts of the maxilla, pterygoid, and alisphenoid. The left squamosal is disarticulated and the mandibles are separated .

Distribution: Platyrrhinus incarum is known from south-eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Guyana ( Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ).

Measurements of the holotype: BMNH 12.1.15.1: GLS 20.0, CIL 18.1, CCL 18.0, BB 8.7, PB 5.2, C-C 4.6, MTRL 6.8, MLTRL 5.5, M1–M1 7.5, M2–M2 7.7, MXBR 4.4, M1 W 1.5, M2 W 1.8, DENL 13.2, MANDL 7.5, COH 4.1, m1 W 1.2, FA 36.0.

Diagnosis: Platyrrhinus incarum is a small bat with a robust skull and broad rostrum. All the measurements overlap those of P. angustirostris , P. fusciventris , and P. helleri ( Table 5). Dorsal fur varies from dark to pale brown; ventral fur bicoloured, pale brown with whitish tips; facial stripes well marked, white; dorsal stripe narrow but conspicuous; a single array of eight vibrissae surround margins of noseleaf; interramal vibrissa absent; inverted ‘U’-shaped posterior margin of uropatagium densely fringed with long hair; long, dense hair on upper surface of feet; metacarpal V is shorter than metacarpal III; paraoccipital processes poorly developed, almost imperceptible; fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch lacking or only barely perceptible; stylar cuspule present on lingual face of M2 paracone; hypoconid present on m2.

Emended description: A small Platyrrhinus ( FA 35.0– 40.0 mm; GLS 19.1–21.8; CCL 17.8–19.4; Table 5). Dorsal pelage is shorter than 6.3 mm, bicoloured with darker tips; ventral pelage pale brown, bicoloured; facial stripes wide and bright; dorsal stripe narrow, but conspicuous; folds in pinnae poorly marked, but distinguishable; posterior margin of uropatagium an inverted ‘U’-shape and densely fringed with long hair; hair on the upper surface of feet long and dense; width of uropatagium 2–5 mm at midline; proximal half of forearm densely covered with long hair; metacarpal V shorter than metacarpal III; insertion of plagiopatagium on metatarsal I. Two genal vibrissae arise from a basal protuberance (protuberance present); eight vibrissae surround margin of noseleaf in a single array; three vibrissae on each side of upper lip below vibrissae surrounding noseleaf; four submental vibrissae on each side of chin; interramal vibrissae absent; noseleaf longer than wide; inferior border of nasal horseshoe completely free of upper lip. Posterior border of hard palate shaped as inverted ‘V’; postorbital processes moderately developed; paraoccipital processes poorly developed; fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch lacking or only barely perceptible. Upper inner incisors convergent, not in contact, and tips extend below level of cingula of upper canines; upper outer incisors monolobate; two stylar cuspules on posterior cristid of P4; a deep fossa present on hypoconal basin of P4; M1 parastyle present; M1 mesostyle lacking; labial cingulum present on M1 metacone; stylar cuspule absent on lingual cingulum of M1 metacone; sulcus on posterior cristid of paracone joined to cingulum of lingual face of metacone on M1; M1 metastyle present; M1 protocone well developed; M2 parastyle present; labial cingulum present on M2 paracone; stylar cuspule present on lingual face of M2 paracone; M2 metastyle present; stylar cuspule absent on lingual face of M2 metacone; lingual cingulum of the M2 metacone not *Summary statistics [mean and standard deviation (first line), observed range and sample size (second line)] of measurements for each species (see Appendix 1 for a list of the specimens measured). All measurements in millimetres. GLS, greatest length of skull; CIL, condyloincisive length; CCL, condylocanine length; BB braincase breadth; ZB, zygomatic breadth; PB, postorbital breadth; MB, mastoid breadth; PL, palatal length; MTRL, maxillary toothrow length; MLTRL, molariform toothrow length; M1–M1, width at M1; M2–M2, width at M2; DENL, dentary length; MANDL, mandibular toothrow length; FA, forearm length.

extending to the paracone; a developed M2 hypoconal basin; labial and lingual cingulids present on p4; one cuspulid on posterior labial side of p4; one or two stylid cuspulids on anterior cristid of p4; two stylid cuspulids on posterior cristid of p4; m1 paraconid lacking; labial and lingual cingulids present on m1; stylid cuspulid present on anterior cristid of m1 protoconid; m1 metaconid lacking, m2 hypoconid poorly developed; stylid cuspulid between the metaconid and protoconid well developed on m2; labial and lingual cingulids present on m2.

Comparisons: Platyrrhinus incarum has been treated as a synonym of P. helleri ( Simmons, 2005; Gardner, 2008). Recently Velazco & Patterson (2008) determined that P. incarum and P. helleri are distinct species, but not sister species. P. incarum overlaps in measurements with P. helleri ( Table 5); therefore, the following comparisons focus on differentiating these two species ( Table 6).

Externally, P. incarum can be distinguished from P. helleri by the brownish-grey colour of the venter (pale grey in P. helleri ); hairs of ventral pelage bicoloured (not unicoloured); dorsal stripe conspicuous, but narrow (not wide and brilliant white). Hair on upper surface of feet is long and dense (not short and intermediate in density); posterior margin of the uropatagium an inverted ‘U’-shape (not ‘V’-shaped); metacarpal III longer than metacarpal V (not subequal). Eight vibrissae (not seven) surround margin of noseleaf in a single array; and interramal vibrissa are lacking (vs. one interramal vibrissa).

Cranially, P. incarum and P. helleri differ in that P. incarum has poorly developed paraoccipital processes, whereas those of P. helleri are moderately developed. Dentally, the upper inner incisors of P. incarum extend well below anterior cingula of upper canines (tips approximate level of canine cingula in P. helleri ); P. incarum has a well-developed protocone on M1 (not small and blunt as in P. helleri ); one or two stylid cuspulids present on the anterior cristid of p4 (vs. only one); the m2 hypoconid present although poorly developed (not absent); and there is a well-developed (not poorly developed) stylar cuspulid between the metaconid and protoconid on m2.

Remarks: Based on molecular data, Velazco & Patterson (2008) recommended that South American populations east of the Andes assigned to P. helleri should be recognized as a separate species to which they applied the available name P. incarum ( Thomas, 1912) .

PLATYRRHINUS ANGUSTIROSTRIS SP. NOV.