Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti LeConte, 1847

Dearborn, Richard G., Nelson, Robert E., Donahue, Charlene, Bell, Ross T. & Webster, Reginald P., 2014, The Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Fauna of Maine, USA, The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (3), pp. 441-599 : 462-483

Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti LeConte side of logs when they are tipped over; adults

(Plate 43) will stridulate or become motionless for up to

Habitat: In deciduous forests on sloping ground 15 minutes if disturbed. under stones and leaves. General range: A northeast-central North

Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. American species. Northeast to Newfoundland,

Biology: A snail eater, but will prey on gypsy in Québec north to Sept-îles and Ft. Rupert on moth caterpillars when available. Teneral adults James Bay, in Ontario north to Rainy River, appear in late September, but also in early northwest to southeastern Saskatchewan, west May , indicating hibernation may take place to Montana, south to Missouri, Mississippi, as either a mature larva or adult. Bousquet Alabama, and Georgia. The nominate sub- and Pilon (1980) reported, however, that in species, Sphaeroderus stenostomus stenostomus Québec the species lays eggs in the fall and that (Weber), ranges from southern New York to hibernation also can occur in the egg stage. It North Carolina. would seem that given the right conditions, Maine localities (66): Augusta ( MFS), Bar Harbor adults can live multiple years, resulting in dif- ( UNH), Batchelders Grant Township ( RENC), ferent stages of overwintering. Beddington ( MFS), Belgrade ( RENC), Bethel

General range: A northeast and north-central (CNC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Brunswick North American species. Northeast to Nova (MFS), Byron (CNC), Camden (CNC), Cape Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec mortheast Elizabeth (PVT), Carrabassett Valley (RENC), to Port-Cartier on north shore of the Gulf of Carrying Place Township (MFS), Casco (PVT), St. Lawrence and north to Ft. Rupert on James Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Chesterville Bay; in Ontario, north to Timagoni and Sioux (MFS), Durham (RPWC), Eustis (CNC), Lookout, northwest to Lake Winnipeg in Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (CNC), Garland Manitoba, south to London, Ontario; in Québec (RENC), Gilead (CNC), Gouldsboro (MFS, south to Troix Rivieres, Mont Tremblant, and PROC), Hancock (CNC), Jackman (CNC), Rigaud. In New England and New York, Kibby Township (MFS), Leeds (RENC), restricted to mountains and northern plateaus, Lewiston (MFS), Milbridge (RENC), Mount in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Green Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount Katahdin Mountains of Vermont, and the Adirondacks Township (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS, of New York. In Maine, found in cold, boggy PVT), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), areas near the eastern coast. Another subspecies New Gloucester (PVT), Newry (CNC), Orono ( Sphaeroderus nitidicollis nitidicollis Guérin- (MFS), Orrington (MFS), Oxbow Plantation Méneville) is found in Newfoundland and (MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), Pittston (PVT), Anticosti Island, and in Québec on the mainland Presque Isle (MFS), Rangeley (MFS), Raymond north of Anticosti; however, the only constant (UVM), Reed Plantation (CNC), Seboomook difference between them, according to Bousquet Township (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Stoneham (2010), is size, with our subspecies ranging (RENC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 WELS from 12.5–13.8 mm in length, and the nominate (M F S), T 11 R8 W E L S (M F S), T 1 5 R 8 subspecies ranging from 14.1–17.8 mm. WELS (MFS), T17 R4 WELS (MFS), T2

Maine localities (3): Greenbush (MFS), Kibby R9 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T4 Township (MFS), Lubec (PVT). R10 WELS (CNC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), T8 R14 WELS (PVT), Trout Brook Township

Sphaeroderus stenostomus lecontei Dejean (CNC, RENC) , Vassalboro (PVT), Waterville

(Plate 43) (RENC), Weld (UVM), Wesley (MFS), West

Habitat: Deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forests, Forks Plantation (CNC), Winslow (PVT), forest edges, among shrubs along streams, in Winthrop (CNC), York (PVT). fence rows, in pastures during rainy weather.

Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Tribe Carabini

Biology: A snail eater. Mating occurs in early Genus Calosoma July, copulation averages 72 hours during which the female feeds; eggs are laid singly in isolated Calosoma calidum (F.) (Plate 22) holes 2–12 mm deep in soil, but only in dark- Habitat: In open areas often with herbaceous ness; teneral adults appear from mid-August growth, open fields, roadsides, and sand pits. into September, and overwinter as adults. Adults Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records, are often active before snow melts in spring. strong flier, many northern records are strays During the spring thaw, adults may be found beyond the breeding range. under flat stones that are warmed in the sun, Biology: Like other members of the genus, strictly but the rest of the year adults cling to under- predatory, particularly prone to eat caterpillars; 463

has been seen to escape by diving into water Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequently found and swimming below the surface; chiefly active in wind-drift material and occasionally attracted in twilight, sometimes also by day; has been to artificial lights (sometimes in large numbers). observed to dig burrows beneath stones. Biology: Egg-laying takes place in June to early General range: A northern transcontinental spe- July. Adults enter diapause in late summer as cies, but not quite reaching the Pacific coast. principal prey (lepidopteran larvae) emerge as Northeast to northeastern New Brunswick adults; adults overwinter and apparently com- (a single teneral male from French island of monly live two years.

Miquelon, south of Newfoundland ), in Québec General range: Occurs in the USA east of the Rocky on the Gaspé and Abitibi , in Ontario north to Mountains as well as in California; northeastern Attawapiskat River (52° N), in Manitoba north limit in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, to Riding Mt. National Park , in Alberta north and Québec, south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona. to Edmonton, in British Columbia northwest to Maine localities (2): Skowhegan ( PVT), Waterville Ft. St. John on the Peace River , west to the ( PVT)

Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon,

south to Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Arkansas, Calosoma sycophanta L. (Plate 22)

Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Habitat: Deciduous forests.

Maine localities (12): Bath (MFS), Bingham Flight dynamics: Fully winged, strong climber (MFS), Calais (UVM), Columbia Falls (CNC), and flier.

Ellsworth (MFS), Embden (RPWC), Kennebunk Biology: The adults feed on caterpillars; it is (MFS), Liberty (MFS), Milbridge (RENC), thought to be more effective at control than T19 MD BPP (MFS), Winter Harbor (PROC), native members of the genus, because the Wiscasset (MFS). beetle larvae as well as adults climb.

General range: An Old World species, deliber-

Calosoma frigidum Kirby (Plate 22) ately introduced into New England in the early Habitat: A forest species, under dry leaves. 20th century for controlling the gypsy moth Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier. ( Lymantria dispar L.) and the browntail moth Biology: Tree-climbing species of deciduous for- ( Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.)). It was later ests, forms concentrations at caterpillar out- introduced into Washington, Michigan, New breaks, e.g. of forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma York and New Jersey. Unsuccessful attempts disstria Hübner) and maple prominent caterpillar were also made, without success, in Nova ( Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. ). Innumerable indi- Scotia and British Columbia. In the Old World viduals arrive at twilight some evenings in June. from the temperate parts of Europe, western General range: A transcontinental species but not Siberia and North Africa, in the Caucasus reaching the Pacific coast. Northeast to Cape and Persia. Stray specimens get to the British Breton Island, in Québec north to Saguenay and Isles and Scandinavia

Abitibi, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon , in Maine localities (7): Augusta ( MFS) , Kennebunk Alberta north to McMurray , in British Columbia ( MFS) , Orono ( MFS) , South Berwick ( MFS) , north to Terrace (an isolated record), west to Utah, Standish ( MFS) , Vassalboro ( MFS) , Winter Colorado, south to Texas, Louisiana, Iowa, and Harbor ( PROC) .

Georgia. Some of the more distant records may

represent strays rather than breeding populations. Genus Carabus

Maine localities (24): Augusta (MFS), Bar Harbor

(PROC), Big Six Township (MFS), Bremen Carabus auratus auratus L. (Plate 22)

(UNH), Bridgton (MFS), Dixmont (MFS), Habitat: In the USA, a strongly synanthropic spe- Frenchtown Township (MFS), Fryeburg (MFS), cies which thrives in croplands and gardens.

Lincoln (MFS), Lubec (RPWC, RENC), Mount Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged.

Vernon (MFS), Newburgh (MFS), Northeast Carry Biology: In Europe, there are many observations Township (PVT), Patten (UNH), Pierce Pond Town- of it climbing in trees, but this has not been ship (MFS), Pittston (PRF), Rangeley (MFS), observed in New England. It is found beneath Raymond (UVM), Skowhegan (MFS), Steuben cover in gardens, or in moist grasslands. Many (MFS), T34 MD (MFS), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), have been found trapped in storm sewers.

TA R11 WELS (MFS), Waterboro (RENC). General range: An Old World species, introduced.

In the Old World, a limited range in Europe

Calosoma scrutator (F.) (records from Majka from France and Germany to northern Spain,

et al. (2011)) (Plate 22) east to Poland. Reports from Moscow, southern Habitat: Deciduous forests and forest margins, as Scandinavia, and the British Isles are probably well as cultivated fields with dense vegetation. introduced and not established populations. It

was deliberately introduced into the New World Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged.

near Boston in 1908–1910 in an attempt to Biology: Active by day in early spring after snow

control the gypsy moth. It has spread to the melt. At this time, they wander and are found

other New England states, but not beyond. crossing roads or in pastures. A good swimmer,

Maine localities (14): Bangor (MFS), Brewer has been seen to hide under floating vegetation,

(MFS), Burnham (PVT), Clinton (PVT, RENC), where it was submerged up to 10 minutes, also

Cumberland (MFS), Newport (PVT), Old Town has been seen to protrude its abdomen above

(MFS), Orono (MFS), Pittsfield (UNH), Portland surface to get air. It has been observed climbing

(UNH), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Smithfield sedge stems. Hibernates as adult, teneral adults

(RENC), Troy (MFS), Windsor (MFS). appear in early May. General range: A Holarctic species. In the Old

Carabus chamissonis Fischer von Waldheim World , in central and eastern Siberia and

(Plate 22) in Japan. In North America, northeast to

Habitat: Generally in open, dry country, particu- Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north

larly the tundra in northern Canada and Alaska, to Saguenay, in Ontario and Manitoba north to

especially on well-drained substrates such as Hudson Bay , in the Northwest Territories, north

sandy areas or rocky slopes. to Ft. Good Hope near the Arctic Circle, in

Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged, flightless. Alaska northwest to the Seward Peninsula and

Biology: Mature larvae seen in mid-July (in Kodiak Island, in British Columbia, limited to

Labrador) and a teneral adult at Mt. McKinley the northeast, south to Montana, South Dakota ,

in Alaska in the middle of August. Nocturnal, Iowa, northern Illinois, Pennsylvania, northern

but by day adults may be found under stones. New York, and Vermont.

General range: A northern transcontinental spe- Maine localities (6): Bar Harbor (UNH), Clinton

cies. Across northern Canada and Alaska in (RENC), Dennysville (UNH), Fairfield (PVT),

the tundra zone, including at least southern Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), New Gloucester

Victoria Island in Nunavut, but not reaching (PVT).

the Arctic coast in Alaska. In the interior of

the continent, extending well south into the Carabus nemoralis Müller (Plate 22)

taiga zone. In Edmonton, Alberta, relict popu- Habitat: Strongly synanthropic, it has been able to

lations occur in deep ravines. Apparently absent reach the fields and gardens of even the most

from the west coast area of heavy rainfall. isolated farms. Increasingly being found in

In the east, south to the Straits of Belle Isle. more natural habitats – moist to wet deciduous

There are relict populations in the mountains forest, especially on river floodplains or adja-

of the Gaspé Peninsula and above treeline in cent to wetlands. Reportedly more common in

the Presidential Range of New Hampshire, though North America than in Europe .

not at the very summit of Mt. Washington – Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged.

apparently not above Nelson Crags. Biology: The adults overwinter. In spring, they

Maine localities (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (MFS). are commonly seen crossing sidewalks, sometimes numbers of them are unearthed in spad-

Carabus goryi Dejean (Plate 22) ing garden plots. Larvae may be abundant in

Habitat: Deciduous forest. garden soil in late spring. In Europe, the adult

Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. has been observed climbing trees, but there

Biology: Nocturnal, adults especially active in are no reports of this in America. Adults feed

spring, most specimens are caught in pitfall traps. heavily on introduced garden slugs, probably

A fast runner, rarely under superficial cover. controlling their population, and on earth-

General range: A northeastern and central North worms (most species are also introduced). It

American species. Northeast to Maine, north has been reported that in June the females

to Vermont and New York, southern Ontario respond to both earthworms and slugs but

near Windsor, Michigan, Wisconsin, northwest the males only respond to earthworms; larvae

to Minnesota, west to Iowa, Illinois, south to feed on earthworms. Adults can also be found

Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. on damaged fruit, e.g., bruised strawberries.

Maine localities (2): Bar Harbor (PROC), South- General range: An Old World species, introduced

port (MFS). on both coasts. Date of introduction before 1870 in eastern Canada. It was intentionally

Carabus maeander Fischer von Waldheim introduced into the Boston area around 1910

(Plate 22) in an attempt to control the gypsy moth. On

Habitat: In swampy spots with cattails or sedges the West Coast, it was introduced before 1909

and wet meadows. in the Puget Sound area. In the Old World, 465

found in the temperate zone of Europe from (MCZ, PROC), New Gloucester (PVT), New southern Scandinavia, British Isles, south to Sharon (RENC), Northeast Carry Township northern Spain and Italy, through Poland and (MCZ).

Russia, in the temperate part of western Siberia

east to Novosibirsk, introduced into southern Carabus sylvosus Say (Plate 23)

Kazakhstan. In Canada and the USA, it is now Habitat: Deciduous woods, second-growth mixed widespread, but it is absent from the arid forest, jack pine forest, and oak-hickory forest, Southwest, the Great Plains, and the Southeast and in adjacent clear cuts.

states. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Flight dynamics: Wings vestigial.

north to the North Shore, Chicoutimi, and Ile Biology: Unknown.

d’ Anticosti. Probably across Canada unless General range: An eastern and central North there is a gap north of Lake Superior. On American species. Northeast to western Maine, the West Coast, from Prince Rupert, British in Québec from Hemmingford in the south- Columbia, south to San Francisco, in the west corner, in Ontario, Belleville, and Gogama Rocky Mountain states south to Cheyenne, (a far northern isolated population, but never- Wyoming; south to Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio, theless, abundant), northwest to Wisconsin, west and Virginia. to Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, an isolated record Maine localities (40): Bar Harbor (PROC), from Utah, southwest to Texas, south to Arkansas, Belgrade (RENC), Brunswick (MFS), Castine Alabama, and Florida.

(PVT), Clinton (RENC), Corinna (RENC), Maine locality (1): Norway (CNC).

Cumberland (RENC), Ellsworth (MFS),

Fairfield (RENC), Fort Kent (MFS), Freedom

(MFS), Garland (RENC), Gorham (UVM), Subfamily Cicindelinae

Islesboro (PVT), Kennebunk (UNH), Lee Tribe Cicindelini

(RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Liberty (MFS), Genus Cicindela

Milbridge (MFS, RENC), Monhegan Island

Plantation (UVM), Monmouth (MFS), Mount Cicindela ancocisconensis Harris (Plate 24) Vernon (MFS), New Vineyard (RENC), Habitat: Adults found on clean sand deposits Newport (RENC), Oakfield (PVT), Orono along rivers, especially on point bars, but (MFS), Portage Lake (MFS), Rangeley (PVT), often where there is cobble gravel nearby. Rockland (MFS), Sanford (UVM), Squapan Adults may be found close to water’ s edge, Township (CNC), Steuben (MFS), Tremont but the larval burrows are well back from (RENC), Trout Brook Township (RENC), the shore and located where only the highest Unity (PVT), Upton (CNC), Vassalboro floods would inundate them.

(PVT), Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Flight dynamics: Like all Cicindela L., hind wings Wilton (CNC). are fully developed, and the beetle can take flight while running. A day flier using flight

Carabus serratus Say (Plate 23) to escape predators and for foraging.

Habitat: Dry, open or partly shaded areas such as Biology: Has a two-year life cycle. Old adults gravel pits, railway embankments, thin forest breed in the spring and new adults appear in on rock pavements and edges of talus. August, the latter feed in the fall then hiber- Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, fully winged form nate. The species often occurs with C. repanda rare, once collected on the summit of Mt. Dejean. When escaping, it flies higher, farther, Washington to where it presumably flew. and straighter than C. repanda .

Biology: Nocturnal, hibernates as an adult. General range: An Appalachian species. The his- General range: A transcontinental species. North- torical range of this species was northeast east to Newfoundland, in Québec on the North to the Gaspé of Québec, southeast of the Shore and north to Abitibi, in Ontario north to St. Lawrence River, New York state, north- Nipigon, in the prairies north to Saskatoon, eastern Ohio to Cleveland, south along the Saskatchewan and McMurray, Alberta, west Appalachians to northern Georgia, eastern to the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia, limit followed the edge of the Appalachians eastern Washington and Oregon, south to from Georgia to Pennsylvania and New York, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Kansas, Illinois, in northwest Massachusetts and across New Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, South Carolina, Hampshire. There possibly is a disjunct area and Georgia. occupying Indiana north of the Wabash River Maine localities (9): Bar Harbor (PROC, UNH, and extending west to Chicago and another in the MFS), Boothbay (UNH), Clinton (RENC), unglaciated area of Indiana, from Bloomington Fairfield (RENC), Lubec (MCZ), Mount Desert south. Some entomologists doubt the authenticity of the Illinois and Indiana specimens. The spe- west Harbor (MCZ), Steuben (UVM), Strong cies seems to be disappearing, likely due to loss (RENC), T14 R15 WELS (CNC), Cathance of habitat. Surviving populations are in New Township (RPWC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 Brunswick, Québec in the Gaspé area, and in a R11 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), number of localities on the Nicolet, Bécancour, T4 R10 WELS (RENC), T5 R9 WELS (MFS), and Chaudiere Rivers. In Maine at Farmington T6 R12 WELS (RPWC), T6 N of WELD on the Sandy River, one locality in Vermont, (MFS), Upton (PVT, MFS), Wales (PVT, and several areas in the White Mountains of MFS), Waterboro (RENC), Wells (MCZ), New Hampshire and adjacent Maine. Popula- Weston (CNC).

tions also survive in Pennsylvania, Maryland,

West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina. Cicindela formosa generosa Dejean (Plate 24) Maine localities (3): Batchelders Grant Township Habitat: Loose sand areas away from water; (RENC), Farmington (RENC), Fryeburg (MCZ, dunes, blowouts and sand pits, often with sparse PVT); state record only (MCZ). grasses.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier, makes

Cicindela duodecimguttata Dejean (Plate 24) longer escape flights than other species.

Habitat: On sandy or clay soil, abundant near Biology: A two-year life cycle species. Both old rivers but also found on disturbed places such and new adults are present together in midas logging roads, gravel banks, sand and gravel summer, oviposition in May and June, third pits, eroded fields, and cranberry bogs. instar in September overwinter, appear as larvae Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier, can take again in spring, pupate in June-July, some adults flight when running. emerge in fall, others go straight into hibernation, Biology: Larval burrows in steep clay or sand mating in May. Adults burrow for shelter; the banks. In the north, the species has a typical burrow has a flattened, oval opening. The larval two-year life cycle, spending the first winter as burrow is mainly vertical, but the uppermost part a full-grown third instar and the second winter curves to become horizontal and opens into as an adult. Mating and oviposition are in May a small pit. The sand around the entrance is and June. Adults have been observed to feed on cemented by a secretion of the larva. The adult dead insects in shore drift and to capture small makes a loud buzzing noise in flight.

flies and pygmy mole crickets ( Tridactylidae ). General range: An eastern subspecies. Northeast to General range: An east-central species, west Labrador, in Québec north to Port-Neuf, west only to the Rocky Mountains. Northeast to to Manitoba, and in the USA west to Wisconsin, Newfoundland and central Labrador , in Québec Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, south to Louisiana, north to James Bay , in Manitoba north to the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. It is absent north end of Lake Winnipeg , in the Northwest from the coastal plain in the southeastern states Territories north to Great Slave Lake , from and from Maritime Canada except for Nova the Peace River of British Columbia to eastern Scotia. Represented by four other subspecies Colorado, south to Texas, northern Louisiana , in the prairie provinces, the Great Plain states, northern Alabama , and northern Georgia , in and Texas .

the southeastern states largely absent from the Maine localities (28): Augusta (PVT, MCZ), Bigelow coastal plain. Township (UVM), Bingham (PVT, RENC), Maine localities (48): Ashland (PVT), Athens Embden (PVT), Fairfield (RENC), Farmington (RENC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor (PROC, (PVT), Fayette (PVT), Freeport (MCZ), Fryeburg PVT, MFS), Brownville (PVT), Buckfield (PVT, RPWC), Greenville (PVT), Milo (PVT), (PVT), Caratunk (RENC), Clinton (RENC), New Portland (PVT), Norridgewock (RENC), C om s t o ck To w ns hi p (R P WC), Ed i n bu rg Norway (MCZ), Ogunquit (PVT, RENC), Old (PVT), Fort Kent (PVT), Garfield Plantation Orchard Beach (PVT, MCZ), Old Town (PVT), (MFS), Gilead (RENC), Glenwood Planta- Orono (MFS, PVT), Paris (MCZ), Portland tion (PVT), Greenville (MCZ, PVT), Jackman (MCZ), Rangeley (PVT), Salem Township (PVT), Long Pond Township (CNC), Mercer (MCZ), Sidney (PVT), South Berwick (MCZ, (PVT), Monmouth (MCZ, PVT), Mount Desert PVT), Wells (PVT), West Paris (MFS), Windham (PROC, PVT, MFS), Mount Katahdin Township (PVT), Winslow (RENC).

(PVT), Newry (CNC), Norridgewock (PVT),

Norway (MCZ, PVT), Orono (PVT), Orrington Cicindela hirticollis rhodensis Calder (Plate 24) (MFS, RENC), Paris (MCZ), Rangeley (PVT, Habitat: In Maine, it is found on higher portions of MFS), Rockwood Strip T1 R1 NBKP (PVT), sandy beaches along the sea coast, generally in Roque Bluffs (PVT), Sandy River Plantation less-vegetated areas than C. formosa generosa, RENC ), Shawtown Township (MFS), South- but overlapping with this species.

467

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier. Maine localities (30): Addison (RPWC), Augusta

Biology: Two-year life cycle, eggs laid in June- (PVT), Aurora (MFS), Bar Harbor (PROC, July, larvae reach the third instar stage by PVT), Berwick (PVT), Boothbay Harbor (PVT), September - October, and overwinter in the B r e m e n (P V T), B r e w e r (P V T), B r i s t o l burrow; the larva pupates in midsummer the (PVT), Brooklin (PVT), Camden (PVT), following year, and adults emerge in August Clinton (PVT), Edmunds Township (PVT), but do not breed until the next year. The larval Fairfield (RENC), Freeport (MFS), Lamoine burrow is normally vertical and 12 cm deep. (MCZ), Machias (PVT), Madison (PVT),

General range: A northeastern subspecies. North- Monmouth (MCZ, PVT), Mount Desert (MCZ, east to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec MFS, PVT), New Portland (PVT), Orono along all the big rivers and some lakes, west (PVT), Shawtown Township (MFS), Souththrough Ontario to Michigan, south to New west Harbor (PROC), Waterville (PVT), Wells York, east to the Atlantic Coast from Rhode (MCZ), Winslow (PVT). Island northward including Cape Breton Island, Prince Edward Island, and Sable Island. Nine Cicindela longilabris longilabris Say (Plate 25) other subspecies are found over most of the Habitat: On bare soil in northern sites, generally in rest of the USA (excepting the Great Basin), conifer-dominated forest, on dirt roads, disused including western Texas, southern Florida, lumber roads, trails, paths, and on scree slopes and across most of southern Canada. This spe- and rock ledges; has been taken near the summit cies has disappeared in many areas due to of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. overuse of beaches, dam construction on big Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier. rivers, and overuse of insecticides. Biology: Three-year life cycle. First instar lasts

Maine localities (10): Freeport (MCZ), Georgetown 2–4 weeks in July, second instar from August (MFS), Kennebunk (PVT), Kennebunkport onward; it overwinters in this stage, and the third (UVM), Lubec (RENC), Ogunquit (MCZ, instar develops the following June, overwinters PVT), Old Orchard Beach (MCZ, PVT), again, then pupates in July. Adults appear in Phippsburg (RENC), Scarborough (PVT, RENC), August and overwinter in this stage, breeding Wells (MCZ, PVT, UNH). and egg-laying take place in the following spring. General range: A northern nearly transcontinental

Cicindela limbalis Klug (Plate 24) subspecies. Northeast to Newfoundland and

Habitat: Sloping clay banks, road cuts, and eroded Labrador, in Québec north to Opinaca River fields. mouth at Hudson Bay , in Ontario north to

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier. Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territory north

Biology: Two-year life cycle, eggs laid in June, to Norman Wells on the Mackenzie River, in overwinters in last instar, pupates in July, some Yukon north to Old Crow on the Porcupine adults emerge and hunt, others only emerge River beyond the Arctic Circle, west to Fairbanks, the following spring. The opening of the larval Alaska and the eastern side of the Coast Range in burrow extends into a small chimney. The outer British Columbia, south to central Saskatchewan part of the burrow is perpendicular to the sur- and to southern Manitoba, northwestern face and the burrow becomes horizontal at the Minnesota, Wisconsin south to Green Bay , inner end. northern Michigan, south to Traverse City ,

General range: A widespread species from the in Ontario south to the Bruce Peninsula, Lake Atlantic Coast west to and including the Rocky Simcoe and Cornwall, south in Québec to Mountains. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Rigaud, La Trappe, and the lowlands along Québec north to the North Shore and Abitibi, in the St. Lawrence River, south of the river in a Ontario north to Smoky Falls on the Mattagami narrowly isolated area including the Gaspé, River and Sioux Lookout, in Manitoba north to the Maritime provinces, the higher parts of Southern Indian Lake, in Saskatchewan north to the eastern townships and northern Maine, Reindeer Lake, in the Northwest Territories on extreme northern New Hampshire and norththe Mackenzie River at Ft. Norman, west to the eastern Vermont, isolated populations occur in Rocky Mountains in eastern British Columbia; the Adirondacks, and higher mountains of in the USA, most of Montana and Wyoming, in Vermont and New Hampshire. Two other sub- Colorado most of the state including area west species ( Cicindela longilabris laurentii Schaup of the Rockies, extreme eastern Utah, south to and Cicindela longilabris perviridis Schaupp ) extreme northern New Mexico, northern Kansas occur in the Rocky Mountains, the Cascades, and Missouri, western and northern Illinois, and the Sierra Nevada of California. northern Indiana and Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Maine localities (23): Bar Harbor (PROC, PVT), Jersey, and Connecticut. Bigelow Township (UVM), Boothbay Harbor

(MCZ), Brooksville (MCZ), Edmunds Town- without finer (silty or clay) substrates nearby.

ship ( PVT, UNH), Eustis ( PVT, UVM), Grand The larva is tolerant of different soil types but

Lake Stream Plantation (MCZ), Greenfield is a specialist in burrowing in hard, compacted

Township (PVT), Greenville (PVT), Katahdin soils as in paths and dirt roads.

Iron Works Township (PVT), King and Bartlett Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier.

Township (PVT), Lincoln (MFS), Lincoln Biology: A one-year life cycle, differing from the

Plantation (RPWC), Machias (PVT), Mount other Maine species in that the adult does not

D es er t (MC Z, P V T), So uth w es t Ha rb or hibernate, mating and egg-laying in late July,

(PVT), T1 R9 WELS (RPWC), T2 R9 WELS larva reaches third instar by September and

(RPWC), T3 R11 WELS (RENC), Tremont hibernates, larva feeds until June of following

(PVT), Trout Brook Township (RENC), Upton year when it pupates, adults emerge in July.

(MFS), Weld (MCZ). It has been observed climbing and perching on grass stalks. It comes to light at night and

Cicindela marginata F. (Plate 25) various observers have noticed its defensive

Habitat: Found where dunes border salt marshes secretion smells like apples.

and on saline mud or tidal flats, almost invari- General range: A widespread species except for

ably on damp, near-horizontal surfaces. the Pacific coastal states and northern Rockies.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a quick and fre- Notheast to New Brunswick, in Québec in

quent flier. the eastern townships east to Sherbrooke and

Biology: Adults can be abundant in late June to northeast on the St. Lawrence River to Portneuf;

early July; partly nocturnal, comes to lights. the northern limit west of Montreal is about

The life history of this species is poorly docu- 100 km north of the Ottawa River near

mented and little is known about its biology. It Nominingue, in Ontario north to Georgian

is usually solitary, very wary, and hard to catch. Bay, Lake Huron, Lake Superior, and Lake

General range: An eastern coastal species ranging of the Woods. Found north of the international

from southern Maine south along the coast to boundary across the prairie provinces; the

Apalachee Bay, Florida on the Gulf of Mexico; western limit north of 41° N is formed by the

also found in Cuba and the Bahamas. eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains, south

Maine localities (5): Georgetown ( MFS), Kennebunk across Montana and Wyoming, south of the

(PVT), Ogunquit (MCZ, PVT), Phippsburg 41 st parallel it lies west of the Colorado River

(PVT), Wells (MCZ, PVT). drainage extending to Great Salt Lake and Utah, south to the southern tip of Nevada, west to

Cicindela marginipennis Dejean (Plate 25) northern and eastern Arizona, extending south

Habitat: Relatively high, seasonally flooded and into Mexico, apparently absent from lower Rio

scantily vegetated cobble-gravel bars and Grande valley in Texas, otherwise south to the

islands in larger rivers. Flooding by dam con- Gulf of Mexico and into Florida (except the

struction and other habitat destruction has southernmost tip).

made this beetle rare over most of its range, Maine localities (18): Arundel (MFS), Augusta

and it is considered threatened or endangered (RENC), Belgrade (PVT), Fairfield (RENC),

in most areas where found. Only discovered at F a r m i n g t o n (P V T), F r y e b u rg (R P W C),

one site in Maine in 2009, and a candidate for Kennebunk (MFS), Lewiston (PVT), Mechanic

threatened/endangered status. Falls (RENC), Mexico (PVT), Norridgewock

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flies readily. (RENC), Norway (MCZ), Paris (MCZ),

Biology: Unknown, but likely similar to other Scarborough (RENC), Wales (PVT), Waterboro

species in the state, with a two-year life cycle (RPWC, RENC), Waterford (RENC), Waterville

and overwintering in both larval and adult stages. (RENC), Woodstock (PVT).

General range: Mississippi and Alabama north-

eastward to Ohio, Indiana, New York, and Maine, Cicindela purpurea Olivier (Plate 25)

and across the border to sites along the St. John Habitat: Bare spots in grassy fields, typically

River and at Grand Lake in New Brunswick. on cow paths and ruts of seldom-used roads,

Maine locality (1): N. Anson (MIFW) it can be in old sand pits, but usually on clay-rich or silty ground rather than more

Cicindela punctulata Olivier (Plate 25) sandy substrates.

Habitat: Common species of dry, bare soil, includ- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier.

ing worn spots in dirt paths in grass areas, bare Biology: A two-year cycle species. Adults are

soil of croplands and gardens, road cuts, eroded among the earliest tiger beetles active in the

areas, gravel pits, and even on city sidewalks, spring, appearing as early as late April in

but generally not on extensive sandy areas Vermont and Maine and as early as late March 469

in southern New Hampshire; mating and central British Columbia and Arizona, south to egg-laying come soon after emergence, larvae Texas and Florida. reach third instar by fall, feed the following Maine localities (41): Abbot ( RENC) , Argyle spring, pupate in July and new adults appear Township ( PVT) , Arundel ( MFS) , Biddeford in August , but do not breed until the follow- ( MFS) , Brooksville ( PVT) , Clifton ( PVT) , ing spring. The adults are adapted to relatively Clinton ( PVT) , Comstock Township ( RPWC) , low temperatures; in cool, sunny weather in Fairfield ( PVT) , Farmington ( RENC) , Fryeburg mid-May, they will be the only ones active ( PVT) , Gilead ( RENC) , Mount Desert ( MCZ, in the morning, while Cicindela tranquebarica PROC, PVT ), Mount Katahdin Township Herbst at the same site was active in the ( PVT) , New Sharon ( RENC) , Newcastle ( PVT) , warmest part of the afternoon. It has been Norridgewock ( RENC) , Ogunquit ( MCZ) , Old seen landing on snow patches in April. The larval Town ( PVT) , Orono ( PVT) , Orrington ( MFS) , burrow is the usual vertical type, unlike that Paris ( MCZ, PVT) , Phillips ( PVT) , Rockwood of C. limbalis . Strip T 1 R1 NBKP ( PVT) , Saint Francis ( PVT) ,

General range: A transcontinental species. North- Scarborough (PVT), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan east to New Brunswick, in Québec northeast (PVT, RENC), South Berwick (MCZ, PVT), along St. Lawrence River to Québec City, Steuben (UVM), Strong (RENC), Turner west along the Ottawa River, west to Lake (MCZ), Vassalboro (PVT), Veazie (PVT), Superior, in the southern prairie provinces, Waldoboro (PVT), Washington (RENC), south-central British Columbia, in Puget Sound Waterboro (RPWC), Weld (MCZ), Wells and Willamette valleys, south to Sierra Nevada (PVT), Winslow (PVT), Woodstock (PVT). of California and Nevada, south through Utah to eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, Cicindela scutellaris lecontei Haldeman (Plate 25) south to the Texas panhandle, northern Arkansas, Habitat: Loose dry sand away from water, dunes, northern Mississippi, Georgia, North and sand pits, and blowouts. Usually associated with South Carolina. In North Carolina, Virginia, and C. formosa generosa in non-coastal settings. Maryland, it is absent from the coastal plain. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier.

Maine localities (28): Argyle Township (PVT), Biology: Has a two-year life cycle. Adults which Augusta (PVT), Aurora (MFS), Bar Harbor have overwintered are present from early May (PROC), Bethel (MCZ), Blue Hill (RENC), to late June in northern Vermont; third instars Bristol (PVT), Brunswick (MCZ), Clinton overwinter, feed through the next summer, and (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Grafton Township become adults in September, then are active (PVT), Greenbush (PVT), Limerick (CNC), while the warm weather lasts into October. Madison (PVT), Monmouth (MCZ), Mount These individuals do not breed until the fol- Desert (PVT), Mount Vernon (MCZ), Newcastle lowing spring. The larval burrow is a vertical (PVT), Norway (MCZ), Old Town (UVM), shaft 30–55 cm. deep. Adults are moderate fliers Orono (PVT, UVM), Paris (MCZ), Shapleigh but are especially wary and not easy to catch, (RPWC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Vassalboro though they often do not fly far once taken (RENC), Waterville (PVT), Weld (MCZ), to wing. When handled, they emit a defensive Winthrop (PVT). secretion which smells like apples. General range: A Midwestern species with a

Cicindela repanda repanda Dejean (Plate 25) northeastern extension reaching Atlantic Coast.

Habitat: On sand bars along rivers and dirt Six other subspecies are found on the Atlantic roads through sandy fields near rivers, some- coast from Massachusetts south to Florida, times amazingly abundant. Also in sand pits along the Gulf Coast and Mississippi Valley which are damp. Stray migrants are found on and west into Texas and Colorado, and the Great mountain tops. Plains north to Alberta. Cicindela scutellaris

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. lecontei is found northeast to central Maine, in

Biology: A two-year life cycle. The larva lives in Québec north to Québec City, in Ontario along an oblique burrow about 10 cm deep, amid the Ottawa River and to Muskoka District at scattered vegetation. Eggs are laid in May and Georgian Bay , north to northern Michigan , June, larvae overwinter in third instar, new northern Minnesota , northwest to eastern North adults emerge in summer but do not breed until Dakota , west to eastern Nebraska and Kansas , the following year. south to Missouri, Illinois and western Ohio,

General range: Nearly transcontinental but not western part of West Virginia , northwestern quite reaching the Pacific coast. Northeast to Pennsylvania , most of New York state except Newfoundland and central Labrador, north for lower Hudson and Long Island regions, to Hudson Bay and northern Alberta , west to northern Connecticut, and western Massachusetts.

Maine localities (13): Belgrade (PVT), Clinton (PVT), Greenwood (PVT), Hartland (RENC), (PVT), Embden (PVT), Fairfield (RENC), Katahdin Iron Works Township (PVT), Lewiston Fryeburg (RPWC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), (MFS), Lincoln (PVT), Lincolnville (PVT), Sanford (CNC), Skowhegan (PVT, RENC), South M o n m o u t h (M C Z, P V T), M o u n t D e s e r t Berwick (PVT), Washington (RENC), Waterboro (PVT), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Sharon (RPWC), Wells (RENC), Winslow (PVT, RENC). (R E N C), N e w c a s t l e (P V T), N e w f i e l d (RPWC), Norridgewock (RENC), Old Town

Cicindela sexguttata F. (Plate 25) (PVT), Orono (MFS, PVT), Paris (MCZ,

Habitat: In most of its range, it is a forest and PVT), Parsonsfield (RPWC), Saco (PVT), forest-edge species, commonly seen on old Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Steuben lumber roads, trails. and blowdowns. In northern (PVT), T1 R9 WELS (RPWC), Troy (RENC), New England, it can be found in more open Vassalboro (RENC), Veazie PVT), Waldoboro situations such as parks and gardens. (M C Z), Wa l e s (M C Z, P V T), Wa t e r f o r d

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. (RPWC, RENC), Waterville (RENC), Weld

Biology: A two-year life cycle, predominantly a ( MCZ), Windsor ( RENC), Winthrop ( MCZ, spring-fall species and relatively uncommon in PVT), Woolwich ( MFS), York ( MCZ, PVT, mid-summer. Eggs are laid in June and July, RENC, RPWC). and larvae reach third-instar status in fall and then overwinter; pupation occurs in midsummer Cicindela tranquebarica tranquebarica Herbst the following year, becoming adults in late (Plate 25) summer, but they normally do not emerge until Habitat: Sand pits, gravel pits, roadsides, dunes, the following spring. Larvae make their burrows and eroded sloping clay banks. at spots where the soil is exposed, such as bases Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. of windthrown trees, edges of trails, and small Biology : A two-year life cycle species. Adults eroded gullies. Larvae have also been found in appear early in the spring for egg-laying, larvae partly shaded sections of vegetable gardens, reach third instar by fall, overwinter, and preying on ants. The adult does not make pupate the following summer. The larval dashes while hunting like other tiger beetles burrow is straight, 9–20 cm deep. Adults stridubut tends to sit and wait in flecks of sunlight late occasionally. on the forest floor, where it ambushes incom- General range: A nearly transcontinental species ing insects. Disturbed adults follow a curved not reaching the west coast. Northeast to southflight path, often alighting in or on vegetation. western Newfoundland , in Québec north to the An adult has been observed foraging on floating North Shore and James Bay , northern limits water lily leaves. In early spring, this tiger beetle uncertain in Ontario, in Manitoba north to is often found beneath loose bark or under flat Gillam on the Nelson River , in the Northwest stones when the air temperature is low but the Territories , north to Great Slave Lake , west sky is clear, sunny, and bright; can often be to the northern Rockies , Alberta, Montana, found in the same settings on overcast days later and Wyoming, west to eastern Colorado, south in summer. The stones or bark are heated by the to the panhandle of Texas and east Texas, sun and beetles are “basking” under the stones, south nearly to the Gulf of Mexico, in northern thus raising body temperature. Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, southeast

General range: An eastern species. Northeast to central Georgia and the southern tip of to New Brunswick, in Québec north to the South Carolina. Other subspecies occupy the Saguenay River, in Ontario north to Georgian area west of the Rockies, including the Great Bay , in Michigan north to Lake Superior , Basin, eastern Washington and Oregon, and Northwest to northern Minnesota and south- the foothills of California. eastern North Dakota, west to the east edge Maine localities (45): Albion ( RENC) , Argyle of the Great Plains , through South Dakota, Township ( PVT) , Bangor ( PVT) , Bar Harbor Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, south to eastern ( PVT) , Bigelow Township ( UVM) , Chester Texas, Louisiana, and northern Florida. ( PVT) , Columbia Falls ( PVT) , Eastport ( PVT) ,

Maine localities (52): Addison (RPWC), Alna Fairfield (RENC), Fort Kent (PVT), Fryeburg (PVT), Argyle Township (PVT), Athens (RENC), (PVT), Greenbush (PVT), Greenfield Township Augusta (MFS, PVT), Bangor (PVT), Bar (PVT), Greenville (PVT), Guilford (PVT), Harbor (MFS, PROC, PVT), Belgrade (RENC), Kennebunk (MCZ), Lamoine (PVT), Lincoln Benton (RENC), Bethel (MCZ), Brooksville (PVT), Lincoln Plantation (RPWC), Lincolnville (MCZ), Chesterville (UVM), Clinton (RENC), (PVT), Lubec (PVT), Madison (PVT), Magalloway Edgecomb (PVT), Edmunds Township (PVT), Plantation (RPWC), Mayfield Township (RENC), Ellsworth (MFS), Fryeburg (RPWC), Gouldsboro Mercer (MCZ), Monmouth (MCZ), Mount 471

Desert (MCZ, PROC, PVT), Mount Katahdin WELS (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Whiting Township (MCZ, PVT), Newcastle (PVT), (CNC), Wilton (CNC), Woodstock (MFS).

Norway (MCZ), Ogunquit (MCZ, PVT), Old

Town (PVT), Orono (MFS, PVT), Paris Subfamily Elaphrinae

(MCZ), Readfield (PVT), Rockwood Strip Tribe Elaphrini

T1 R1 NBKP (PVT), Roque Bluffs (PVT), Genus Blethisa

Rumford (PVT), Sanford (CNC), South

Berwick (MCZ, PVT), Steuben (UVM), Wales

Blethisa hudsonica Casey (Plate 18)

(MCZ), Waterville (PVT), Wells (MCZ, PVT),

Habitat: In seasonally flooded marshes and perma- Wilton (CNC).

nent marshes, among mosses, sedges, or other

plants, in channels through the floodplain forest,

Subfamily Loricerinae and in the outer margins of open marshes, nor-

Tribe Loricerini mally in floating mats of vegetation.

Genus Loricera Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records.

Biology: Hibernates as an adult. The adults stridu-

late. Gravid females appear in July.

Loricera pilicornis F. (Plate 35) General range: A boreal species from Yukon and Habitat: In dense vegetation at margins of slow Rocky Mountains east across Canada and the streams, ponds and bogs, best collected by northern USA to Newfoundland and Maine , treading. In early spring, it has been collected south to British Columbia , Montana , North in a suburban garden. Dakota, northern Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania , Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. New York , and Massachusetts.

Biology: A specialized feeder on Collembola Maine localities (6): Bigelow Township (UVM), (springtails). It traps them in a cage formed Blanchard Township (RENC), Eustis (CNC), by heavy bristles around head and antennae; Monmouth (MFS), Newport (RENC), Whiting reported to make a faint buzzing sound when (RPWC).

threatened, overwinters as adult, teneral adults

may be found from June through July. Blethisa julii LeConte (Plate 18)

General range: A circumpolar species. Found in Habitat: In cold pools among mosses and sedges. western Europe including the British Isles, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. south to northern Spain, southern Italy, northern Biology: According to Darlington, it is common former Yugoslavia, Iran, Siberia, east to Ussuri and active from late June to late July on Mt. River and Kamchatka, in some areas reaches Washington (New Hampshire). He stated that the Arctic Ocean. In North America northeast it emerges from deep moss in the evening or to Labrador and Newfoundland, in Québec early morning to feed on insects that have north to Schefferville and Great Whale River, drowned. Larvae have been caught in midin Ontario north to Hudson Bay, in the Yukon summer, and new adults emerge in late summer north to Kluane River, in Alaska west to the and probably overwinter in that stage.

lower Yukon Valley and Alaska Peninsula, General range: A northern transcontinental spewest to British Columbia, Washington, and cies. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Oregon, but not west of the Cascade Range north to Lac St. Jean, Abitibi, north to Hudson (where it is replaced by Loricera decempunctata Bay and Ft. Smith , Northwest Territory; west Eschscholtz and Loricera foveata LeConte ). In to Anchorage, Alaska, south to Alberta, the Sierra Nevada of California, south in moun- northern Michigan, New York, Vermont, and tains to Utah, New Mexico, south to South New Hampshire.

Dakota, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maine localities (2): Mount Katahdin Township and New Jersey. ( CNC), Winslow ( PVT) .

Maine localities (23): Alder Stream Township

(CNC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Blethisa quadricollis Haldeman (Plate 18) Corinna (RENC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield Habitat: Floating mats of mosses, sphagnum, or (RENC), Gilead (RENC), Islesboro (PVT), grasses in acidic bogs or fens, more common Kibby Township (MFS), Kingfield (MFS), in mixed sphagnum-graminoid substrates than Lewiston (MFS), Milbridge (MFS), Mount in pure sphagnum.

Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observed.

(CNC), Saint Francis (CNC), Sidney (PVT, Biology: Adults emerge in late summer and RENC), Southwest Harbor (PROC), Sweden overwinter in this stage, gravid females were (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 observed in early July; when handled, it may stridulate and also emit a secretion with the Elaphrus californicus Mannerheim (Plate 30) odor of burnt chocolate. It is an amphibious Habitat: On mud and clay banks along slow species, very agile in sphagnum and sensitive streams; in early spring, can be found by vernal to vibrations; it has been observed to dive to a pools or in bare fields away from streams, as depth of 7.5 cm and stay underwater for about long as the substrates are wet and inorganic; will three minutes. not be found with E. americanus , which prefers

General range: A northern transcontinental spe- more organic substrates. cies. Northeast to Goose Bay, Labrador, limits Flight dynamics: Fully winged, diurnal frequent not well known in northern Québec and Ontario, flier, in light trap records. north at least to southern Northwest Territories Biology: Same as previous species. and Yukon, in Alaska west to Anchorage region, General range: A transcontinental species. Northin British Columbia southwest to Fraser Lake , east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in south to near Calgary in southern Alberta, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Saskatchewan south to vicinity of Saskatoon, Ontario north to Thunder Bay and lake of the south to southern Manitoba, northern Illinois, Woods, in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipegosus , Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. in Northwest Territories north to Norman Wells ,

Maine localities (10): Appleton ( RPWC) , Belgrade northwest to Ft . Yukon, Alaska, west to the ( RENC) , Brighton Plantation ( RENC) , Crystal Pacific in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, ( UVM) , Monmouth ( MFS) , Phippsburg ( RENC) , and California, south and east to Nevada, Utah, Rumford ( CNC), T1 R9 WELS ( RENC) , Troy New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. ( RENC) , Vassalboro ( PVT) . Maine localities (16): Anson ( RENC) , Auburn ( CNC) , Bar Harbor ( UVM) , Cherryfield

Genus Elaphrus (RENC) , Clinton (RENC), Cumberland (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Mercer

Elaphrus americanus americanus Dejean (Plate 30) (RENC), Mount Vernon (RENC), Norridgewock

Habitat: Level organic-rich mud or sand banks (RENC), Sidney (PVT,RENC),Skowhegan (RENC), along slow meandering streams open to the Cathance Township (RPWC), Unity (RENC), sun but sheltered from winds, not to be found Washington (RENC). with Elaphrus californicus Mannerheim , which prefers more organic-free substrates. Can be Elaphrus cicatricosus LeConte (Plate 30) found with E. olivaceus LeConte if the organic Habitat: Wet mud in dense shade beneath alder substrates are sufficiently coarse-grained. thickets, and on shores of beaver ponds.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier, makes Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. diurnal flights in spring, in light trap records. Biology: Teneral adults emerge in August; over-

Biology: Teneral adults emerge in mid-July; like winter as adults. other Elaphrus , it stridulates; a diurnal running General range: A species limited to the northpredator that finds prey by sight. eastern USA. Northeast to western Maine, in

General range: A northern, nearly transcontinental Québec known only from Knowlton; also in censubspecies. Northeast to Newfoundland, Labrador, tral and western New York, southern Michigan, in Québec north to Ungava Bay and Hudson eastern Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, north- Bay, in Ontario north to Hudson Bay, in North- ern Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee (and an west Territories north to Great Slave Lake and isolated record from Mississippi). the Mackenzie Delta, west to the eastern third Maine locality (1): Fairfield (RENC). of Yukon River valley in Alaska, southwest to Pacific coast of Alaska and Cook Inlet, south to Elaphrus clairvillei Kirby (Plate 30) central British Columbia and Alberta, southern Habitat: Soft, wet organic mud in shaded places prairie provinces, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, along rivers and lakes, often among dense and Michigan; in Ontario south to Lake Ontario, sedges, cattails or alders. in northern New York, New Hampshire, and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records. Maine. Another subspecies ( Elaphrus americanus Biology: Gravid females found in June, teneral sylvanus Goulet) occupies southern British adults in July – August; both new and old adults Columbia and adjacent Alberta, the coast ranges overwinter in forest litter or beneath bark of and the Cascades of Washington and Oregon fallen logs. Also stridulates. and Rocky Mountains through Idaho to Colorado. General range: A transcontinental species. North-

Maine localities (8): Columbia Falls (MFS), Eliot east to Newfoundland and southern Labrador, (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), Lubec (MFS), Sidney in Québec north to the North Shore and James (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Waterville Bay, in Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in (RENC), Winslow (PVT). Northwest Territories north to Great Bear Lake 473

and the Mackenzie Delta, in Alaska west to Maine localities (16): Bar Harbor (UVM) Baring Circle and Anchorage, west to the Pacific in Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Grant Town- British Columbia, including the Queen Charlotte ship (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Islands, west to the Pacific coast in Washington Carrabassett Valley (PVT, RENC), Edmunds and Oregon, south to southern Utah, eastern Township (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Harrington Arizona, northern New Mexico, absent from (UVM), Lubec (RPWC), Mount Desert (UVM), most of the Great Plains, but from Canada south Mount Katahdin Township (PVT, RENC), Mount to Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern Indiana, Vernon (MFS), Rumford (CNC), Cathance northwestern Pennsylvania, and the mountains Township (RPWC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), of northern New Jersey. T8 R5 WELS (CNC).

Maine localities (13): Batchelders Grant Township

(UVM), Belgrade (RENC), Cape Elizabeth Elaphrus ruscarius Say (Plate 30)

(RENC), Eliot (RPWC), Harrington (UVM), Lily Habitat: On wet beaches bordering rivers, swamps, Bay Township (UVM), Lubec (RPWC), Mount and ditches; on organic substrates near the Vernon (RENC), Newport (RENC), Rumford northern limit of its range, can be found with (CNC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), Trout Brook E. olivaceus . Occasionally found on the banks Township (RENC), Waterville (RENC). of beaver ponds.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records.

Elaphrus fuliginosus Say (state record only Biology: Diurnal, a fast-running visual predator.

from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and General range: An eastern and central North

Bousquet (2010)) American species. Northeast to coastal areas Habitat: Wet margins of ponds and lakes on of eastern Maine, in New Hampshire north to sandy soils with little vegetation cover. the White Mountains , in Québec north to the Flight dynamics: Fully winged and capable of flight; Montreal area , in southern Ontario north to occasionally attracted to artificial lights at night. Ottawa and Lake Huron , in Michigan north to Biology: Teneral adults appear in late July and Saginaw Bay, in northern Wisconsin, northewest August; overwinters as adults. Egg-laying prob- to Bemidji, Minnesota, west to southeastern ably in late June into July. South Dakota, to the 100 th meridian in Kansas, General range: In a band across the northeastern in Texas west to the vicinity of Wichita Falls, USA and southern tier of Canada, from Québec Ft. Worth, and Houston, south to the Gulf of and Ontario west through Manitoba to Alberta, Mexico but not in the Florida Peninsula .

south to South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Maine localities (9): Bar Harbor ( UVM) , Columbia Indiana, east to Maryland and New Jersey, north Falls ( MFS) , Coplin Plantation ( RPWC) , Eliot to include Vermont, New Hampshire. and Maine. ( RPWC) , Harrington ( UVM) , Lewiston ( MFS) , Maine localities: No specific Maine localities Mount Vernon ( MFS) , Orono ( MFS) , Waterville known. ( PVT) .

Elaphrus olivaceus LeConte (Plate 30) Subfamily Omophroninae

Habitat: On bare, open mud or sand bordering Tribe Omophronini ponds or slow streams, sometimes in muddy Genus Omophron spots in bogs, especially common near beaver ponds; more often by cleaner, colder waters than Omophron americanum Dejean (Plate 37) E. clairvillei . Habitat: Sandy to muddy banks along rivers and

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. lakes, sometimes smaller ponds and streams.

Biology: Teneral adults observed in late August; Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. diurnal, active in bright sunlight as a visual Biology: Teneral adults appear in September; the hunter, has been taken in beaver lodges. species tends to remain buried in sand by day,

General range: A nearly transcontinental species, and may be collected by flooding banks. Active however, not reaching the Pacific Coast. North- above ground during wet weather and at night. east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Sometimes found in sand traps of golf courses Manicouagan and Abitibi, in Ontario north to and running on the surface at night; makes a the Albany River, in Alberta north to Lesser faint squeaking sound when handled. Slave Lake, west to the Fraser River , not in the General range: A nearly transcontinental species mountains of the west coast but in the Rockies but absent from the West Coast. Northeast to south to Colorado and Utah, in the Great Plains Newfoundland, in Québec north to the Gaspé south to northern Nebraska, farther east, south and Ft. Coulange, in Ontario north to Lakes to southern Minnesota, central Illinois, southern Superior and Nipigon, in Manitoba north Michigan, and northern New Jersey. to Lake Winnipeg , in southern Alberta north to Medicine Hat, west to Idaho, Utah and Subfamily Scaritinae

Arizona, south to Mexico and the Gulf Coast Tribe Clivinini

including Florida. Genus Clivina

Maine localities (28): Anson (RENC), Bancroft

(CNC), Belgrade (PVT), Berwick (CNC), Clivina americana Dejean (Plate 25)

Caratunk (RENC), Cornish (RPWC), Cutler Habitat: Shores of rivers and lakes, in marshes, (CNC), Embden (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), on mud and moist sand banks where it burrows Fryeburg (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Mercer beneath stones or logs.

(RENC), Moscow (RENC), Mount Katahdin Flight dynamics: Wings fully developed, in light Township (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), trap records.

New Sharon (RENC), Newburgh (RPWC), Biology: Teneral adults appear in September and Norridgewock (RENC), Orono (PVT), Readfield overwinter as adults; has been caught in a (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), beaver lodge.

Strong (RENC), Turner (RENC), Vassalboro General range: An east-central species. Northeast (PVT), Waterboro (RENC), Waterford (RENC), to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Waterville (RENC). in St. Lawrence Valley north to Berthaville, in

Ontario north to Ottawa and Kincardine, Lake

Huron, in Michigan, Wisconsin, west to Iowa,

Omophron labiatum Dejean

Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, south to Louisiana Habitat: Open, sandy, and usually damp ground

and Florida.

along the coastal zone, from sea beaches inland

Maine localities (9): Abbot ( RENC), China ( RENC), to altitudes up to about 275 m. May be found on

Cornish (CNC), Monmouth (CNC), Mount saline beaches or on the bare shores of ponds,

Vernon (RENC), Newfield (RPWC), Readfield lakes and rivers.

(CNC), Sidney (RENC), Smithfield (RENC).

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, sometimes attracted

to lights.

Clivina collaris (Herbst) (Plate 26)

Biology: Nocturnal, usually hiding in burrows

Habitat: Eutrophic fens, river banks, salt marshes, by day, though occasionally diurnally active.

also associated with debris from greenhouses.

Adults have been found in every month of the

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records from year elsewhere in its range. Adults appear to

Europe.

be gregarious and may be found in quantity

Biology: Breeds in spring and early summer.

when encountered.

General range: An adventive Old World species. General range: A species of the eastern North

Northern Europe to southern Sweden and the American coast, from Nova Scotia in the north

British Isles, southern limit uncertain, in Russia to Florida in the south, west along the northern

south to the Caucasus, central Asia , and western coast of the Gulf of Mexico to at least Texas.

Siberia. Introduced before 1838 in Massachusetts Maine localities: No specific Maine localities

but spread to widely isolated spots in Maine, known; the record in Majka et al. (2011) was

Québec, Ontario, Ohio, Manitoba, British in error.

Columbia, and Washington.

Maine locality (1): Skowhegan (RENC).

Omophron tessellatum Say (Plate 37)

Habitat: Clean sand banks along rivers, lakeshores, Clivina fossor (L.) (Plate 26)

and sea beaches, more strictly confined to big Habitat: Disturbed habitats, gardens, fields, pasrivers and lakes than O. americanum . tures, and riverbanks, occasionally along forest Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. streams and in subalpine vegetation at 1,200 m. Biology: Teneral adults appear in early October; Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, frequent light trap like O. americanum , makes squeaking sound records.

when handled. Adults active at night. Biology: An omnivorous burrower like other mem- General range: A northeastern and central species. bers of the genus. In Europe, a pest on strawberries; Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Vermont, observed eating rotting kernels on a in Québec north to Québec City, in Manitoba corn cob partially buried by spring floods. Gravid north to Lake Winnipeg , in Alberta north females appear in early July, teneral adults emerge to Medicine Hat, west to Montana, Wyoming, both in the early spring and in the fall .

Colorado, south to Arizona, New Mexico and General range: An adventive Old World species. Texas, in the east south to Kentucky and Virginia. Natural range includes the entire temperate zone Maine localities (6): Anson (RENC), Lewiston from the British Isles and Europe to Kamchatka (MFS), Mercer (RENC), New Sharon (RENC), on the Pacific coast of Asia. Adventive in eastern Norridgewock (RENC), Strong (RENC). Canada before 1915, now distributed in two 475

widely disjunct areas. In the West, found from England; known from New York, New Jersey, British Columbia south to Oregon and inland to Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, west Alberta and Idaho. In the East, northeast to through Mississippi and part of Tennessee, Newfoundland, in Québec north to Saguenay Louisiana, and Texas.

and Abitibi , north to Ontario and Michigan, north- Maine localities (2): Belgrade ( RENC), Berwick west to Wisconsin, west to Illinois, south to ( MFS) .

Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts.

An isolated record also exists from Georgia. Genus Schizogenius

Maine localities (39): Albany Township (CNC),

Alfred (RPWC), Auburn (CNC), Belgrade Schizogenius amphibius Haldeman (Plate 42) (RENC), Biddeford (PVT), Corinna (RENC), Habitat: In clean sand along rivers and lakes.

Cutler (CNC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Gorham Flight dynamics: Fully winged.

(PVT), Gray (PVT), Hartland (RENC), Jim Biology: Unknown.

Pond Township (RENC), Kibby Township General range: A northeastern species. Northeast (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), to Maine, in Québec north to Montreal and Lincoln Plantation (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), Brome, in New York north to shore of Lake Mount Katahdin Township (CNC), Mount Ontario, in Ohio north to shore of Lake Erie, Vernon (MFS), Newport (RENC), Norridgewock north to Tippecanoe River in Indiana, west to (RENC), Oakland (RENC), Presque Isle (MFS), Pike County, Illinois, south to Kentucky and Reed Plantation (CNC), Rome (RENC), Sabattus central Tennessee, Black Mountains of North (RENC), Sebec (PVT), Sidney (RENC), Carolina, and the Virginia Piedmont.

Skowhegan (PVT, RENC), Smithfield (CNC), Maine localities (2): Buxton (PVT), state record Cross Lake Township (MFS), T3 R8 WELS only (PVT).

(RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 WELS

(R P W C), T9 R5 W E L S (M F S), Tu r n e r Schizogenius ferrugineus Putzeys (state record (RENC), Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC), only from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) Wayne (CNC). and Bousquet (2010))

Habitat: Moist, sandy, unvegetated substrates at

Clivina impressefrons LeConte (Plate 26) margins of streams, ponds, or lakes, as well as Habitat: Riverside mud banks and cultivated fields. ocean beaches, sometimes some distant from Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier to the water.

light traps in Midwest, rare in New England Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally found where it seemingly invaded in the last 50 years. in wind-drift material but commonly attracted Biology: Hibernates as adult; an omnivorous spe- to artificial lights at night.

cies. Under the name “slender seed corn ground Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer into beetle”, has been considered a minor agricul- the early fall, adults overwinter; egg-laying seatural pest because it eats into sprouting corn in sonality unknown but probably in the late unusually wet fields. spring or early summer. A specialized burrower General range: An eastern and central North in clean sand, often under driftwood.

American species. Northeast to central Maine, General range: Generally restricted to the USA, in Québec only recorded from Montreal, in not west of the Rockies except in the southern- Ontario many localities around the Great most part of its range; from Florida in the Lakes, north to Wisconsin, Minnesota, west Southeast , west to New Mexico and Arizona, to South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, north to Colorado, north to Saskatchewan south to Texas and the Gulf Coast states, to and Manitoba, east to Ontario, Vermont, New Georgia but not Florida. Hampshire, and Québec .

Maine localities (2): Belgrade ( RENC) , Newport Maine localities: No specific Maine localities known. ( RENC) .

Schizogenius lineolatus Say (Plate 42)

Clivina pallida Kirby (Plate 26) Habitat: Fine gravel along streams and around iso- Habitat: Unknown; specimens from Belgrade were lated, warmer, stagnant pools near larger rivers. collected from half-rotten waste sawdust at a Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. sawmill. Biology: Gravid females appear in early June.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged; multiple light trap General range: An eastern and central North records. American species. NE to New Brunswick, in Biology: Unknown. Québec north to Québec City, in Ontario north General range: A coastal plain species. Northeast to Ottawa, Collingwood and Bayfield, west to Maine, but not otherwise recorded from New across Michigan and Wisconsin to Montana and Wyoming, south to Kansas, Texas, north- General range: A transcontinental species. Northern Mexico, isolated record from Tuscaloosa, east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to the Alabama, absent from Louisiana, Mississippi, Gaspé, Saguenay and Abitibi, north to Churchill, Florida and Georgia, as well as the coastal plain Manitoba, in the Northwest Territories, north to areas of Carolinas and Virginia. Ft. Smith, in Yukon north to Kluane, northwest Maine locality (1): Cornish ( CNC). to Ft. Yukon in central Alaska, west to interior of British Columbia, southwest in mountains to

Schizogenius sulcifrons Putzeys (Plate 42) California, south in the Rocky Mountains to Habitat : In gravel along river banks, under wood . Utah and New Mexico, south to Kansas, Iowa, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records . Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Biology : A specialized burrower; teneral adults Maine localities (19): Action ( CNC) , Allagash appear in mid-September. ( UNH) , Auburn ( CNC) , Baring Plantation ( CNC) , General range: An eastern and central North Caratunk ( RENC) , Chesuncook Township ( UNH) , American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, Edmunds Township ( CNC) , Eustis ( CNC) , in Québec north to Québec City , in Ontario north Lewiston ( MFS) , Millinocket ( UNH) , Milo to Toronto and London , west to Wisconsin and ( CNC) , Mount Desert ( UVM) , Mount Vernon Illinois, south to Tennessee, in mountains of ( MFS) , Newport ( RENC) , Rome ( RENC) , northern Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Sidney ( RENC) , Cross Lake Township ( UNH) , northern Virginia. Vassalboro ( PVT) , Waterville ( RENC) .

Maine localities (3): Buxton (PVT, RENC), Mexico

(CNC), Strong (RENC). Dyschirius erythrocerus LeConte (Plate 28) Habitat: In fine sand and silt at pond and slow

Genus Dyschirius stream margins; on the seashore on wet, clayish, muddy soil, under plant debris.

Dyschirius affinis Fall (Plate 28) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Habitat: Sloping clay banks at edges of rivers. Biology: Unknown.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. General range: An eastern and central North American Biology: Teneral adults emerge in early September. species. Northeast to western Newfoundland , General range: An east-central species. North- in Québec north to Granby and Montreal area , east to Maine , in Québec north to Joliette, in in Ontario north to St. Catherines , northwest to southern Ontario , north to North Dakota, north- Michigan, west to South Dakota, Nebraska, west to Montana, west to Wyoming and Colorado, Kansas, south to Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, southwest to Arizona, south to Texas, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and New York.

Tennessee, and Virginia. Maine localities (5): Belgrade (RENC), Berwick Maine localities (2): Auburn (CNC), Strong (RENC). (CNC), Lebanon (UNH), South Berwick (CNC), Waterville (RENC).

Dyschirius curvispinus Putzeys (Plate 28)

Habitat: The Waterville specimen was taken on Dyschirius globulosus (Say) (Plate 28)

damp earth beneath a board on the margin of Habitat: On bare, usually dry soil in gardens, sand a lawn; Whitehead (1972) recorded the species pits, dirt roads, croplands, and higher, drier parts from a pond margin in dunes in Texas. of river banks.

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but not known Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, flight observed in whether it is capable of flight. captivity and found in drift along Great Lakes. Biology: Farther south, overwinters as an adult Biology: Teneral adults appear from May to and breeds in spring. July and in September; specimens have been General range: A coastal plain species (but distri- found under roots of goldenrod ( Solidago bution poorly known). Northeast to Waterville, spp.; Asteraceae ); in Vermont, found at all Maine; also recorded in Connecticut, Mississippi, elevations, common in alpine tundra; has Texas, and New Mexico. been taken at open rock ledges, often in clumps Maine locality (1): Waterville (RENC). of moss.

General range: A nearly transcontinental species,

Dyschirius dejeanii Putzeys (Plate 28) excluding the Pacific Coast and the South- Habitat: Burrows in mud bordering rivers and ponds, west. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec including beaver ponds. In New England, it north to the Gaspé, Saguenay and Abitibi, in reaches 900 m elevation. Ontario north to Nipigon, in Alberta north to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. McMurray, north to southern Yukon, northwest Biology: Teneral adults seen from late June to mid- to Fairbanks, Alaska, west to the interior of August; overwinters as adult. British Columbia, south to Idaho, Colorado, 477

Nebraska, Missouri, Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Maine localities (4): Berwick ( CNC) , Harrington and Florida. ( UVM) , Ogunquit ( CNC) , Phippsburg ( RENC) . Maine localities (7): Canaan ( RENC) , Columbia

Falls (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Parsonsfield Dyschirius sphaericollis (Say) (Plate 29) (CNC, RPWC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Habitat: Sand bars, often muddy ones along rivers. Waterville (RENC), York (PVT). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Biology: Gravid females appear in June, teneral

Dyschirius pilosus LeConte (Plate 28) adults emerge from mid-June to late September. Habitat: On bare mud or sand banks along rivers Associated with gregarious riverside beetles, and brooks, sometimes away from water. Bledius and Heterocerus F. ( Heteroceridae ).

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. General range: An eastern central species. North- Biology: Unknown. east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to General range: An eastern and central North Saguenay and Hull , in Ontario north to American species. Northeast to New Brunswick , Collingwood, in Manitoba north to Lake in Québec north to the vicinity of Montreal , to Manitoba , in Alberta north to Stettler (52° N), southern Manitoba , west to Montana, Nebraska, south to eastern Oregon, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, south to Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia.

Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia. Maine localities (5): Belgrade (RENC), Bethel Maine localities (2): Sidney (PVT, RENC), Waterville (CNC), Mercer (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), (RENC). Turner (RENC).

Dyschirius politus (Dejean) (Plate 29) Dyschirius sublaevis Putzeys (Plate 29)

Habitat: Sand by rivers and lakes, also sand pits. Habitat: Seashores, on sandy soil under the roots

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, common at light of weeds, or on sandy flats.

traps. Flight dynamics: According to Bousquet (2010),

Biology: Teneral adults appear in September. Often fully winged and capable of flight.

associated with burrowing staphylinids of the Biology: A spring breeder, overwintering as an

genus Bledius Samouelle (Staphylinidae) . adult.

General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old General range: A coastal plain species. Atlantic

World, west to the British Isles and France, coastal plain from Maine to Florida.

south to northern Italy and Romania, across Maine localities (2): Kennebunkport (CNC),

Russia to the Pacific. In North America, north- Ogunquit (UVM).

east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to

Kamarouaska and Lac St. Jean, in Ontario north

to Ogoki on the Albany River, in Alberta north Subfamily Broscinae

to McMurray, northwest to Fairbanks, Alaska, Tribe Broscini

west to the interior of British Columbia, south to Genus Miscodera

Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, South Dakota, Michigan,

Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts. Miscodera arctica (Paykull) (state record only

Maine localities (4): Belgrade ( RENC), Carrabassett from Lindroth (1961), Bousquet and Larochelle

Valley (UVM), Harrington (UVM), Sidney (1993), and Bousquet (2010))

(RENC). Habitat: Dry areas with gravel and sand, usually beneath large, deeply buried stones; in Europe,

Dyschirius setosus LeConte (Plate 29) adults feed on larvae of Byrrhidae ( Byrrhus L.,

Habitat: Sandy river beaches and also taken at Cytilus Erichson ), which are moss-feeders.

border of a salt marsh; sometimes not by a body Lindroth (1961) described the habitat as “sandy

of water, for example in a moist roadside ditch. till with no or sparse coniferous trees and with

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. low, thin ground vegetation, mostly tiny mosses

Biology: Teneral adults known from late August. or lichens.” Niemelä et al. (1993) found it

Commonly associated with D. pilosus , gregarious. common in regenerating clear-cut forests.

General range: A transcontinental species. North- Spence et al. (1996) also found it in older

east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in mixed, largely poplar forests in Alberta, and

Québec north along the St. Lawrence River to Beaudry et al. (1997) found it in burned plots

Riviere-du-Loup, in Alberta north to McMurray, in clear-cuts of jack pine.

northwest to Fairbanks, Alaska, west to Okanogan Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records for

Valley of eastern Washington, south to Utah, Europe.

Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Biology: In Europe, it has been found in sea drift,

New York, and Massachusetts. and numerous specimens were found on a

glacier at an altitude of 1,700 m (Lindroth Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New 1945). In Québec , adults were collected from Hampshire, and Maine.

14 June to 5 November (Larochelle 1975). Maine localities (22): Cape Elizabeth (PVT), According to Lindroth (1961), it overwinters Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Chain of Ponds Townas an adult. It has been found in association ship (CNC), Deer Isle (RENC), Georgetown with the byrrhid species Byrrhus fasciatus (PVT) , Grafton Township (CNC), Grand Isle Forster and Cytilus sericeus Forster , and it (CNC), Jackman (CNC), Kibby Township is thought that these species are a major part (MFS), Lewiston (MFS), Lubec (PVT), Mount of its prey (Lindroth 1945). Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount Katahdin Town- General range: A circumpolar species. Across north- ship (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), ern Europe, Scandinavia, and Russia, some relict Orono (UNH), Riley Township (UVM), Sidney populations in Germany in remnants of heath, (RENC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T14 R15 hills, and mountains of British Isles, isolated in WELS (CNC), T16 R13 WELS (CNC), T4 Switzerland and Tyrol, across Siberia to Pacific. R10 WELS (CNC), Waterville (RENC).

In North America, northeast to Labrador, in

Québec north to Ungava Bay , in the North- Trechus crassiscapus Lindroth (Plate 46)

west Territories, north to Norman Wells and Habitat: More hygrophilous than preceding spe- Ft. Resolution, west in Alaska to Fairbanks cies, in mountain forests of New England from and Denali National Park, south to Washington, 770– 1,200 m elevation, usually in moss mat, Montana and Colorado in the mountains, south often in small patches of sphagnum at boggy to Cypress Hills in Saskatchewan, to northern spots in balsam fir forest or among alders in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, in Ontario larger wet areas. Farther north at borders of south to Simcoe Co., widespread in Québec ponds, swamps and wooded lake margins.

south to 47 th parallel, farther south restricted Flight dynamics: Brachypterous, or possibly dimorto higher elevations, most southern record is at phic (only a small sample studied).

Val Racine near Lac Megantic; in northern Biology: Gravid females appear in early July, New England, only in the White Mountains teneral adults emerge in mid-August.

and the high plateau north of them, including General range: A northeastern species. Northeast northeast Vermont. to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec Maine locality (1): state record only ( PVT), prob- north to Schefferville and Ft. George, west to ably Mt. Katahdin (Katahdin Township). Ontario; in Québec south to the St. Lawrence

River, south of there confined to the Adirondacks

Subfamily Trechinae of New York, the Green Mountains of Vermont

Tribe Trechini and Massachusetts, and the White Mountains of

Genus Trechus New Hampshire and westernmost Maine.

Maine localities (2): Kibby Township (MFS), Lubec

Trechus apicalis Motschulsky (Plate 45) (PVT).

Habitat: In forests under fallen logs and stones

that are partly buried; also in crumbling wood Trechus rubens (F.) (Plate 46)

of old rotten logs and in leaf litter. Habitat: Open, weedy ground among the roots Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged of tall plants, also in wooded areas among form very rare (0.2% of population), flight fallen leaves; also at borders of marshes, swamps observations at dusk. and ponds in sphagnum and sedges ( Carex Biology: Teneral adults emerge from June to early spp.; Cyperaceae ).

August, and gravid females appear from July to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, nocturnal; multiple early August. light trap records.

General range: A transcontinental species, extending Biology: Teneral adults appear from July into also to eastern Siberia (west to the Verkhoyansk August, gravid females have been documented Range and Stanovoy Mountains). Northeast to from late July into early August.

Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north General range: An Old World species, adventive in to Schefferville and Ft. George, in Ontario and North America. In the Old World, Scandinavia Manitoba north to Hudson Bay , in the Northwest and northern Russia, in northern Siberia east Territories north to Aklavik, in Alaska south of to the Lena River and isolated in the mountreeline but not in tundra, in British Columbia tains of France, Italy, Bosnia, Transylvania south to Canal Flats but not south of US border and in the Caucasus. In the New World, it is a in the west, in Alberta south to Banff, south northeastern species, introduced into Nova to northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern Scotia by 1875 and reaching Québec by 1926. Indiana, northern Ohio, New York, New Jersey, Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec north 479

to Mingan and Saguenay, west to Montreal Genus Bembidion

and Abitibi, and only in extreme northern

New England. Bembidion americanum Dejean (Plate 11) Maine localities (5): Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Habitat: Bare mud banks and flats on shores of Codyville Plantation (RPWC), Madrid Town- rivers and lakes.

ship (CNC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier, WELS (RPWC). often taking flight when disturbed, recorded

from light traps.

Genus Blemus Biology: A large-eyed, partly diurnal species, but

in the spring flies by night. A wary, alert species.

Blemus discus (F.) (Plate 18) General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Habitat: In soil, often in rodent burrows, especially New Brunswick , in Québec north to Québec where the burrows go under boards or partially City and Montreal , southern Ontario, Michigan , buried stones, sometimes under driftwood along Minnesota, west to Kansas, southwest to Texas, rivers, has been taken in beaver lodges, seems south to Louisiana and Florida.

to favor areas with long grass in old fields. Maine localities (8): Bigelow Township (UVM), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records Buxton (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Lewiston particularly in August. (MFS), Norridgewock (RENC), Readfield (CNC), Biology: Teneral adults appear from late June to Sidney (RENC), Cathance Township (RPWC).

early July with a second period of emergence

in late August into September; hibernates at

Bembidion antiquum Dejean (Plate 11)

least in part as adults.

Habitat: Cobble and gravel shores of running General range: An Old World species, adventive

waters, from small creeks to large rivers; most before 1933. Found throughout most of Europe,

common on upstream or downstream ends of north to southern Scandinavia, in Russia north

small, relatively flat islands bordered by riffles. to St. Petersburg, west to Great Britain and

Flight dynamics: Fully winged; will take flight if Ireland, south to southern France, central Italy

approached on a sunny day.

and Transylvania, southern Siberia, Manchuria,

Biology: Unknown

China, and Japan. In the New World, east to

General range: Generally in Ssoutheastern Canada Nova Scotia and New Brunswick , in Québec

and the eastern USA, from Nova Scotia across north to Gaspé, Saguenay and Abitibi, west

New Brunswick and Québec to the north to Michigan, south to Ohio, New York, and

shore of Lake Superior , south to northern Massachusetts .

Arkansas and in the Appalachians in northern Maine localities (16): Allagash ( UNH), Ashland

Alabama; one (possibly mislabeled) outlier (UNH), Belgrade (RENC), Dennistown Plan-

known from Alberta.

tation (UNH), Eustis (MFS), Fairfield (PVT),

Maine localities (3): Allagash (Maddison), Cornish Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Mount

(Maddison), Howland (Maddison).

Vernon (MFS), Oxbow Plantation ((MFS),

Rangeley (UNH), T17 R4 WELS (UNH),

Cross Lake Township (MFS), T8 R19 WELS Bembidion basicorne Notman (Plate 11)

(MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Wayne (CNC). Habitat: Bare gravel bars in cold, clear mountain

brooks, usually in deep shade.

Tribe Bembidiini Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records.

Subtribe Bembidiina Biology: Unknown.

Genus Asaphidion General range: An Appalachian species. Northeast

to Nova Scotia, southern Québec, Vermont,

Asaphidion curtum (Heyden) (Plate 10) New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Habitat: Lives on moist clay or clay/sand, mixed Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, and with sparse vegetation, on river banks, ocean North Carolina.

shores, clay pits or cultivated soil. Maine localities (2): Allagash (CNC), Newry (UVM). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records.

Biology: Unknown. Bembidion bellorum Maddison (Plate 12) General range: An Old World species, native to Habitat: Cobble and gravel shores of running waters, Ireland, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Italy, and generally on larger streams and rivers; most Algeria and Tunisia in North Africa. In North common on upstream or downstream ends of America, adventive along the northeastern small, relatively flat islands bordered by riffles. coast of the USA, from Maine to New York. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Maine localities (1): Camden (CNC). Biology: Unknown.

General range: An Appalachian species, ranging present, however, in southern Québec , westernfrom Maine in the Northeast southwestwards most record in Québec in Vaudreuil Co., south across New Hampshire and Vermont, New York , to Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, with one Maine localities (23): Adamstown Township locality southeast of Columbus in central Ohio. ( CNC), Appleton ( CNC), Batchelders Grant Maine localities (1): Greenwood (Maddison). Township ( RENC), Benton ( PVT), Byron

(CNC), Cornish (RPWC), Embden (RPWC),

Bembidion bruxellense Wesmael (Plate 12) Eustis (CNC), Grand Isle (CNC), Madrid Town- Habitat: Moist, firm soil with sparse vegetation, s h i p (C N C), M o u n t K a t a h d i n To w n s h i p especially at the borders of temporary pools. (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier, Newry (CNC, UVM), Old Town (PVT), Parlin recorded from light traps. Pond Township (CNC), Pittston Academy Biology: Hibernates as adult, spring breeder. Grant (RPWC), T10 R7 WELS (MFS), T14 General range: An Old World species adventive R15 WELS (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (UVM), in North America. In Europe from the Arctic T3 R8 WELS (RENC), T5 R9 WELS (CNC), Ocean south to the Alps, across Siberia to Waterville (RENC), Weld (CNC).

east Lake Baikal. Adventive in Newfoundland

before 1907. In Québec from the north shore Bembidion castor Lindroth (Plate 12)

of the St. Lawrence west to Abitibi, otherwise Habitat: Borders of rivers, lakes and large brooks, limited to New Hampshire and Maine, and the usually on sand near water. Despite the spe- Maritime Provinces of Canada. cies name, it is not found by beaver ponds in Maine localities (2): Allagash (CNC), Mt. Katahdin Vermont. It does not ascend into the mountains. Township (CNC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records.

Biology: Teneral adults appear in July.

Bembidion carinula Chaudoir (Plate 12) General range: Widespread east of the Rocky Habitat: Barren sand banks and bars of rivers and Mountains. Northeast to Newfoundland, in lakes. Québec north to the North Shore and Abitibi, in Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier. Ontario , north to Terrace Bay on the north side to Biology: Diurnal, keeps close to water’ s edge. Lake Superior , north to southern Manitoba , north- Hibernation as adult. west to Edmonton , Alberta , west to Montana, General range: Nearly transcontinental in the North. south to South Dakota, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio , Northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador, West Virginia , and Virginia.

in Québec north to Ft. Chimo on Ungava, in Maine localities (30): Andover (CNC), Anson Ontario and Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in (RENC), Auburn (CNC), Bancroft (CNC), the Northwest Territories north to Great Slave Brownville (CNC), Cornish (CNC), Edmunds Lake and Norman, west to the Rocky Mountains Township (CNC), Embden (RPWC), Fairfield and British Columbia, not reaching the US border (RENC), Fort Kent (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC, in the Great Plains, south to Iowa, Kentucky, in RPWC), Grand Isle (CNC), Harrington (UVM), the east south only to New Jersey and Connecticut. Lewiston (MFS), Mercer (RENC), Mexico Maine localities (14): Anson (PVT, RENC), Berwick (CNC), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Sharon (CNC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Chain of (RENC), Newry (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Ponds Township (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC), Old Town (PVT), Sidney (RENC), Squapan Mexico (CNC), Mount Katahdin Township Township (CNC), Strong (RENC), Turner (RENC), New Sharon (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Unity (RENC), Waterville (RENC), (RENC), Readfield (CNC), Strong (RENC), T18 Whiting (RPWC), Winslow (RENC).

ED BPP (RPWC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), T8

R14 WELS (PVT). Bembidion chalceum Dejean (Plate 12)

Habitat: On cobble and gravel bars of rivers,

Bembidion carolinense Casey (Plate 12) particularly on islands; can also be found Habitat: Bare gravel banks along cold mountain on gravel pond and lake shores, including streams. ponds in gravel pits, and occasionally on Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. sandy substrates.

Biology: Teneral adults known appearing from Flight dynamics: Fully winged, takes flight easily. July to mid-September. Biology: Unknown.

General range: An Appalachian and eastern spe- General range: Newfoundland and northern cies, Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Québec west to the Northwest Territories north to the North Shore and Abitibi, range inter- and the Cascade Range in British Columbia rupted by the flat region of the St. Lawrence ; and Washington, south in the Rockies to 481

Colorado and western Nebraska, in the East Bangor (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Bethel south to South Carolina and northern Arkansas. (CNC), Blanchard Township (RENC), Durham Maine localities (13): Allagash (Maddison), Bethel (RPWC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), (Maddison), Chain of Ponds Township (Maddison), Guilford (RENC), Holeb Township (UNH), Kibby Cornish (Maddison), Gilead (Maddison), Township (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston Mexico (Maddison), Newry (Maddison), Anson (MFS), Lily Bay Township (UVM), Long Pond (Maddison), Saco (Maddison), T17 R4 WELS Township (CNC), Lubec (RPWC), Millinocket (Maddison), Andover (Maddison), T4 R10 (UNH), Milo (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), WELS (Maddison), T5 R9 WELS (Maddison). Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC), Nashville Planta-

tion (MFS), Paris (MFS), Rangeley (UNH), T1

Bembidion cheyennense Casey (Plate 12) R13 WELS (UNH), T12 R8 WELS (MFS), T17 Habitat: Bare mud banks on shores of rivers and R4 WELS (CNC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 R11 lakes (same as for B. americanum ). WELS (MFS), Wales (CNC), Waterboro (RENC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Biology: Diurnal, sight predator with large eyes. Bembidion confusum Hayward (Plate 12) General range: Formerly a western species, Habitat: On barren sand banks along medium to recently invading the northeastern USA after large rivers. 1960. Northeastern most record: Mt. Vernon, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier. Maine; north in Québec to Lac St. Jean, north Biology: An alert, wary species; a sight predator, to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and Edmonton, flies to escape, also a fast runner; teneral adults Alberta, west in British Columbia to Vancouver appear in August. Island; in the USA, west to Washington, Oregon, General range: An eastern and central species. NE and California, south to southern California and to New Brunswick, in Québec near Québec Texas, southeast to Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin, City and to Hull on the Ottawa River, north to Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, southern Vermont, Collingwood on Georgian Bay, in Manitoba and New Hampshire. north to Lake Winnipeg, NW to Alberta; in Maine localities (1): Mt. Vernon (MFS). the U.S., west to Montana and Colorado, south

to Texas, Louisiana and Florida.

Bembidion concolor Kirby Maine localities (3): Anson (PVT), New Sharon It is doubtful that this old record (PVT) is valid (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC). for Maine, although the species likely is to be found in the state, particularly along cool, rocky streams in the northern portion. Before the work Bembidion constrictum LeConte (Plate 13) of Lindroth, however, the name “ concolor ” was Habitat: In salt marshes bordering tidal bays and commonly applied to what is now recognized as under algal crusts and seaweed, most coomon Bembidion salebratum LeConte. along tidal pool margins in salt marshes

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight observations.

Bembidion concretum Casey (Plate 12) Biology: Partly diurnal. Habitat: Richly organic marshes with sedges and General range: Coastal species from Labrador cattails, often at the edges of beaver ponds. In to Texas. (There are no records from the Gulf New England, at all elevations up to the treeline, of St. Lawrence.) sometimes in beaver lodges. Maine localities (4): Addison (RPWC), Berwick Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. (CNC), Harrington (RPWC), Steuben (UVM). Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-July to August. Bembidion contractum Say (Plate 13) General range: Widespread across North America Habitat: Salt marshes bordering tidal bays, under but not reaching the Pacific Coast. Northeast algal crust. This species is most frequent among to Newfoundland, in Québec to the North salt grasses on the margin of tidal streams., also Shore and James Bay, in Ontario north to Lake occurs under drift material along sea beaches Nipigon, in the Northwest Territories north to near salt marshes. Yellowknife and Aklavik; in the interior of Flight dynamics: Wings reduced, flightless. Alaska west to Fairbanks and Ft. Yukon, wide- Biology: One record of a teneral specimen taken in spread in British Columbia but not reaching late July. the Pacific, south to Oregon, Montana, Nebraska, General range: A coastal species, from south- Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia. western Newfoundland south to Alabama Maine localities (35): Acton (CNC), Albany Town- (including the Gulf of St. Lawrence). ship (CNC), Alfred (RENC, RPWC), Ashland Maine localities (7): Addison (RPWC), Cutler (UNH), Auburn (RPWC), Baileyville (UNH), (CNC), Georgetown (MFS, UVM), Hancock (CNC), Harrington (UVM), Portland (PVT), near beaver ponds, also commonly found Steuben (UVM). under leaves on vernal pool margins in floodplain forests.

Bembidion fortestriatum (Motschulsky) (Plate 13) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light records.

Habitat: In fens, marshes and sphagnum mats. Biology: Teneral adults appear in September, over- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light records. winter as adults.

Biology: Hibernates as an adult. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to General range: A transcontinental species. North- Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac north to Montreal and Québec City, in Ontario St. Jean and Abitibi , in Ontario north to Sudbury north to Ottawa and Lake Huron, west to South and Long Lac , north to the Northwest Territories Dakota and Iowa , south to Illinois, Ohio, and Yukon Territory, northwest in Alaska to Maryland, and Virginia.

Anchorage and Fairbanks, in British Columbia Maine localities (26): Adamstown Township (CNC), west to the coast and Queen Charlotte Islands, Anson (PVT), Bar Harbor (UVM, PROC), Baring south to Oregon and Wyoming, in the Great Plantation (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Benton Plains not south of Canada, but farther east (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Clinton south to Michigan, northern Illinois, New York, (RENC), Corinna (RENC), Durham (RPWC), and Connecticut. Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Hiram Maine localities (9): Auburn (RPWC), Augusta (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Desert (UVM), (MFS), Bethel (CNC), Isle au Haut (CNC), Mount Oakfield (RPWC), Oakland (RENC), Orono Desert (UVM), Sanford (CNC), T17 R4 WELS (MFS), Readfield (CNC), Ripley (RENC), Sidney (CNC), Wales (CNC), Waterford (RPWC). (RENC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), Waterford (RPWC), Waterville (RENC), Wayne (CNC),

Bembidion frontale (LeConte) (Plate 13) York (RPWC).

Habitat: Mud along stream in shaded areas.

In Vermont, up to 1,200 m elevation; most Bembidion grapii Gyllenhall (Plate 13) common among sedges in swampy areas Habitat: On dry gravel or sand or on high exposed along river margins. rock ledges, also under rocks on peaty soil Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observations, above treeline. In New England, restricted to in light trap records. high mountain summits which are bare or with Biology: Diapauses as adult in dead leaves. stunted trees, with most records above 1,200 m General range: Nearly transcontinental, not reach- elevation, but down to 900 m on nearly coming Pacific Coast. Northeast to Nova Scotia and pletely barren ridges. In New Brunswick, found New Brunswick, in Québec north to the Gaspé along moose trails in northern conifer forests and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Ottawa and on bare compact soil patches with high peat Southampton, in the prairies north to Winnipeg content, adults usually under scattered leaves and Saskatoon, west in British Columbia to in these bare patches.

the Okanagan Valley , south to Idaho, Kansas, Flight dynamics: Polymorphic, full wings rare, no Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and Virginia. flight records .

Maine localities (33): Abbot (RENC), Andover Biology: Teneral adults in July-August.

(CNC), Appleton (CNC), Auburn (CNC, RPWC), General range: Circumpolar. In Greenland, Iceland, Bancroft (CNC), Baring Plantation (CNC), northern Scandinavia, northern Russia, and B e n t o n (R E N C), B l a n c h a r d To w n s h i p Siberia, east to the Sea Okhotsk, isolated in the (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Burnham mountains of the Russian-Chinese border (Tian (RENC), Camden (CNC), Canaan (RENC), Shan). In North America, east to Newfoundland, Connor Township (CNC), Corinna (RENC), in Québec north to Ungava Bay, in the Northwest Dixfield (RENC), Embden (RPWC), Fairfield Territories north to Reindeer Depot, in Alaska (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC, CNC), Gilead south to Seward, west to the Alaska Peninsula (RENC), Grand Isle (CNC), Hancock (CNC), and the inner Aleutian Islands, south in the Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Desert mountains to British Columbia, Montana, and (UVM), New Sharon (RENC), Oakfield (RPWC), New Mexico, south to the Black Hills of South Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Turner Dakota, northern Minnesota and Michigan, (RENC), Vassalboro (PVT), Waterford (RPWC), northern Ontario, in Québec north of the Waterville (RENC), Whiting (CNC). St. Lawrence River and in the Gaspé. Relict populations south of the main range are found

Bembidion graciliforme Hayward (Plate 13) in the mountains of northern New England; the Habitat: In dense vegetation on the margins of most southern record is from Massachusetts.

standing waters, on mud. Especially common Maine localities (1): Wyman Township (UNH).

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