Ankylopteryx anomala Brauer, 1864

Wu, Jingyu & Liu, Xingyue, 2024, Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China, Zootaxa 5540 (1), pp. 1-169 : 14-16

[1] Ankylopteryx anomala Brauer, 1864

( Figs 7 , 79 )

Ankylopteryx anomala Brauer, 1864: 901 . Type locality: India (Ins. Nicobaricae Milu et Sambelong [Pulomilo island and

Nicobars]). Lectotype in NHMW. Sencera scioneura Navás, 1924 [1925]: 27. Type locality: Papua New Guinea ( Neu-Britannien [New Britain]). Holotype in

ZMHB. Sencera feae Navás, 1929: 371 . Type locality: Myanmar (Bhamò). Holotype in MSNG. Sencera exquisita Nakahara, 1955: 143 . Type locality: China ( Taiwan, Hori [Puli]). Holotype in NMNS. Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala : Brooks & Barnard, 1990: 157. Ankylopteryx (Sencera) exquisita : Brooks & Barnard, 1990: 157. Ankylopteryx (Sencera) scioneura : Brooks & Barnard, 1990: 157. Ankylopteryx (Sencera) feae : Brooks & Barnard, 1990: 157.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the presence of three interantennal spots, the scape with brown stripe on outer side, the pronotum with brown spots on anterolateral angle, the mesonotum covered with brown markings, the absence of the cell im of the forewing, the entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/3 of gonarcus, and the broad and rounded apex of entoprocessus.

Description. Male. Body length 7.7–7.9 mm, forewing length 10.0– 11.4 mm, hindwing length 9.5–10.0 mm.

Head yellow, vertex raised. Compound eyes prominent and black. Antennal scape with brown stripe on outer side, flagellum narrower than scape and pedicel. Three interantennal spots black, anterior one triangular and shallow, posterior two small and rounded. Clypeal margin with brown stripes. Gena marked black spots. Maxillary and labial palpi with brown stripe on outer side, terminal palpomere brown and pointed.

Pronotum slightly longer, with brown spots on anterolateral angle. Mesonotum covered with brown markings. Metascutum with brown spots on anterolateral angle.

Legs with dense setae. Protibia with median black spot. Pretarsal claws brown, with basal dilation.

Forewing broad, with brown shadings, especially on pterostigma, apical radial crossveins, basal crossvein of inner gradate series and CuP. Pterostigma dark. Costal area broad basally, with 20–22 crossveins; 9 radial crossveins present. Base of Rs and apical radial crossveins with small brown shadings. m1 smaller than m2, im absent; 7 psm-psc crossveins with brown shadings. c1 smaller than c2, dcc closed. A1 forked, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 5–6 crossveins, basal two with dark brown spots; outer gradate series with 6–7 crossveins. Faint shadings on forking marginal veins.

Hindwing narrow, with pale brown shadings on pterostigma, CuP and forking marginal veins. Costal area with 17–18 crossveins; 8 radial crossveins and 6 brown psm-psc crossveins present. A1 forked, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 4–5 crossveins, outer gradate series with 5–6 crossveins.

Abdomen with dense setae. Tergum VII and sternum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; sternum VIII fused with sternum IX; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Gonarcus arcuate, lateral arms narrow at base and wide at tip; entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/3 of gonarcus and fused apically, apex of entoprocessus broad and rounded; pseudopenis curved, narrowed respectively near base and tip.

Female. Body length 8.1–8.4 mm, forewing length 11.1–11.2 mm, hindwing length 10.8–11.0 mm.

Tergum VII and sternum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca slightly thick; vela and ventral impression absent; duct long and coiled.

Material. 1♀, China, Hainan, Mt. Wuzhishan , 600 m, 2007, Xingyue Liu ( CAU) ; 1♀, China, Hainan, Tongshi , 1964.IX.16, Shengli Liu ( CAU) ; 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , 570 m, 2022.VIII.08, Zhaoyang Chen & Qinpeng Liu ( CAU) ; 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , 551 m, 2019.IV.26, Xingyue Liu ( CAU) ; 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Lvshilin Forestry Park , 810 m, 2019.IV.26, Xingyue Liu ( CAU) ; 2♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , 2017.VI.20, Jianyun Wang ( CAU) ; 1♂, China, Yunnan, Hekou, Yaoxi, Baishahe , 220 m, 2016.VI.11, Liang Wang ( CAU) ; 14♂, China, Yunnan, Chuxiong, Xiaoheishan Provincial Nature Reserve , 2016.VI.22 ( CAU) ; 2♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Menglun , 2015.III.12, Jianyun Wang & Fei Kou ( CAU) ; 1♂ 3♀, China, Taiwan, Kaohsiung, Shuangxi Park , 2013.VI.03–04, Wenliang Li & Feiyang Liang ( CAU) ; 12♂ 5♀, Thailand, Chiang Mai, 30 m, 2003.XII.14–20, P. Schwendinger ( MHNG) ; 1♂, Thailand, Phang-Nga , 30 m, 2004.IX.09, P. Schwendinger ( MHNG) ; 1♀, Malaysia, Pahang, Bukit Caras , 60 m, 2004.IX.03–04, P. Schwendinger ( MHNG) ; 1♂ 3♀, Indonesia, West Sumatra, Batang Palupuh Rafflesia Sanctuary , 900–1000 m, 2006. VI.02–03, P. Schwendinger ( MHNG) .

Distribution. China (Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan); Australia; Brunei; India (Pulomilo Island, Nicobars); Indonesia (Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi); Japan (Okinawa); Malaysia (Pahang); Nepal (Kathmandu); Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay, East New Britain); Philippines; Sri Lanka (Central, Southern, Western); Thailand (Chiang Mai, Phang-Nga, Trang); Vanuatu.

Remarks. This species is the only species in this genus lacking cell im.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Ankylopteryx anomala Brauer, 1864. A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Thorax, dorsal view; E. Male genitalia, lateral view; F. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, dorsal view; G. gonarcus and entoprocessus, lateral view; H. Pseudopenis, dorsal view; I. Pseudopenis, lateral view; J. Female genitalia, lateral view; K. Subgenitale, dorsal view; L. Spermatheca. Scale bar: 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B–D).

FIGURE 79. Distribution map of species of Ankylopteryx from China.