Heilus tuberculosus ( Perty, 1832 )

Lira, Aline De Oliveira, Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De, Rosado-Neto, Germano Henrique, Santos, Geane Brizzola Dos & Marques, Marinêz Isaac, 2020, A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil, Zootaxa 4861 (2), pp. 151-187 : 163-165

Heilus tuberculosus ( Perty, 1832)

(Figs. 6, 18D, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C, 23D)

Heilipus tuberculosus Perty, 1832:75 (description); Blackwelder 1947:818 (catalog).

Hilipus tuberculosus: Gemminger & Harold 1871:2430 (catalog); Dalla Torre et al. 1932:371 (catalog).

Heilipus tuberculatus: Hustache 1924:169 (error).

Heilus tuberculosus: Kuschel 1955:297 (combination); Wibmer & O’Brien 1986:145 (checklist).

Type Material. Heilipus tuberculosus Perty, 1832 : we examined the image of the holotype (Fig. 6), undetermined sex, bearing the following label: “Typus; Brasilia, H. tuberculosus Perty ”, deposited in the ZSMC.

Redescription. Length (pronotum and elytra) of males and females 9.3 to 12.6/ 9.9 to 12.6 mm, respectively. Integument black sub-opaque, smooth, shiny rostrum; antennae varying from black to ferruginous. Rostrum about 1.2 times longer than length of pronotum; about 4.9 times longer than apical width in females, and about 3.5 times longer in males. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs. 6A–B) 1.3 times wider than long, wide median region, rounded sides, covered by rounded granules, slightly elevated at center of pronotal disc, becoming higher, transverse, and condensed toward sides; with brown, short, elongate scales, sparsely distributed, interspersed by small clusters of short, oblong scales, distributed sparsely at apex and on pronotal disc, forming three rows on sides of pronotum base and adjacent to scutellum in center. Elytra (Figs. 6A–B) about 1.6 times longer than wide at base, moderately convex in middle, with sparse oblique granules at humeri and apical elytral calli, and tiny granules at apex; with dark black or brown, oblong, and short scales, forming clusters in interstriae between granules, small tufts of yellow scales sparsely interspersed between clusters of dark scales on elytra; humeri with small clusters of yellow scales accompanying rows of lateral scales of pronotum; transverse, irregular shaped macula of whitish or yellowish scales in central region of elytra starting at interstria 3; elytral striae with coarse punctures, mainly at apex, fine punctures at posterior slope, flat interstriae. Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus ( Fig. 18D ) subequal in length to median lobe apodemes, rounded apex with mild depression in median region with few short setae. Internal sac sclerite ( Fig. 19C ) rounded in basal part, covered with spicules, bilobate at posterior margin. Tegmen ( Fig. 20C ) with manubrium and dorsal lobes subequal in length, with slightly expanded end in both. Female genitalia ( Fig. 21C ). Coxites narrow and elongate, with median setae at apex, close to insertion of styli. Styli cylindrical, elongate with elongate setae at apex. Spermathecal duct highly elongate inserted immediately below common oviduct, at end of upper third of bursa copulatrix. Spermathecal capsule ( Fig. 22C ) curved, sclerotized, collum and ramus well-developed; cornu elongate and rounded at apex. Spermathecal gland enlarged, narrowing strongly in apical third, except for region near insertion of capsule, which is weakly sclerotized and elongate.

Dimensions (mm). Males/females, respectively. TBL: 9.3–12.6/9.9–12.6; TRL: 2.6–3.4/3.1–4.3; MHx: 3.6– 4.7/3.8–5.1; RAW: 0.8–1.0/0.7–0.8; RBW: 0.7–0.8/0.8–1.0; IO: 0.4–0.7/0.4–0.6; PnL: 2.6–3.3/2.7–3.4; PnMW: 3.3–4.4/3.4–4.4; PnBW: 3.0–4.1/3.1–4.0; EL: 6.3–9.0/6.8–9.0; EW: 4.3–5.4/4.1–5.8.

Non-type material examined. In total, 164 specimens were examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Parintins , 1♂, x.1929, H.C. Bay ( MNRJ) ; Pará: Mangabeira–Mocajuba , 1♀, 2♀, 7, 1♂, i.1953, Orlando Braga ( MNRJ) , 1, ii.11953, Orlando Rego ( MNRJ) , 1♀, 6, ii.1953, Orlando Braga ( MNRJ) , 1, ii.1963, Orlando Rego ( MNRJ) , 1, iii.1953, Orlando Rego ( MNRJ) , 1♂, iii.1959, Orlando M. Rego ( MNRJ) , 1♀, 14, 1♂, 1♂, vii.1953, Orlando Braga ( MNRJ) , 1, x.1952, Orlando Rego ( MNRJ) , 3, x.1953, Orlando Rego ( MNRJ) , 1, xi.1952, Orlando Rego ( MNRJ) , 2, xi.1953, O. Rego ( MNRJ) , Mocajuba , 1♂, ii.1953, Orlando M. Rego ( DZUP) , 1♀, 1♂, vii.1953, Or- lando M. Rego ( DZUP) , 1♂, x.1953, Orlando M. Rego ( DZUP) , 1♀, xi.1953, Orlando M. Rego ( DZUP) , Obidos , 1♂, 1955 ( MNRJ) , 1♂, ii.1955 ( MNRJ) , 1♂, ii.1956, Dirings ( MZSP) , P. de Pedras , 1♀, 21.x.1982, M.F. Torres ( MPEG) , Santarém , 1♀, ii.1924, H.C. Bay ( MNRJ) , 1♀, v.1967, A. Bello ( CEMT) , Serra Norte , 1♂, 5.ix.1983, N.I.C. Pedra, light trap (Luz UV) ( MPEG) , Traira–Obidos , 1♀, xii.1961, Dirings ( MZSP) ; Rondônia: Pimenta Bueno , 2♀, x.1986, O. Roppa, P. Mano & J. Becker ( MNRJ) , Porto Velho , 1, iii.1944, A. Parko ( MNRJ) , Vilhena , 1♂, 27.xii.1986, C. Elias ( DZUP) ; Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças , 1♂, xi.1988, A. Bello ( CEMT) , Cáceres , 1♂, 19.xi.1984, Buzzi, Mielke, Elias Casagrande ( DZUP) , 2♂, 4.iv.1985, C. Elias ( DZUP) , Chapada dos Guimarães , 1♂, 1.x.2005, M.I. Marques ( CEMT) , 1♂, 13.iii.2013, V. Lemos ( CEMT) , Cuiabá , 1♂, 18.vi.2011, O.F. Neves ( CEMT) , 1♂, 20.v.2010, T.K. S.T. ( CEMT) , 1♀, 21.v.2012, E. Alvares ( CEMT) , 1♀, 23.xi.2008, A.F. Oliveira & L.R. Silva, pitfall ( CEMT) , 1♀, 25.x.2016 ( CEMT) , 1♀, 27.vi.2011, T.U. Santos ( CEMT) , 1♀, 4.xi.2014, R.V. Nunes & B.F. Becker, light trap ( CEMT) , 1♀, 7.v.2010, Campos D. ( CEMT) , 1♂, ix.2013, C.R.P. Mariano ( LETA) , Diamantino , 1♀, 1♀, 1♂, x.1983, B. Silva ( MNRJ) , Poconé , 1♂, 14.ii.2004 ( LETA) , Rondonópolis , 1♂, xii.1962, A. Maller ( DZUP) , Rosário Oeste , 1♂, ii.1972 ( MNRJ) , 1♀, xii.1975 ( MNRJ) , Rosário Oeste , 1♀, xii.1959 ( DZUP) , Rosário- Oeste , 2♂, xi.1971, Dirings ( MZSP) , Tangará da Serra , 1♀, 11.xi.2011, GAPC Neves ( CEMT) , Três Lagoas–Faz. Floresta , 1♂, 13–20.ix.1964, Exp. Dpto. Zool. ( MZSP) , Várzea Grande , 1♂, 2016 ( LETA) , Várzea Grande , 1♀, 21.iv.2012, S.E. Silva ( CEMT) , 1♀, 29.vii.1989, Sueli Kida ( CEMT) , 1♀, 30.viii.1989, Gislene A. Silva ( CEMT) ; Mato Grosso do Sul: Pedro Gomes , 1♀, 6.v.1981, J.S. Pinto ( DZUP) ; Campo Grande , 1♂, x.1968, A. Bello ( CEMT) ; Goiás: Aragarças , 1♀, ix.2016, Fabrício F. ( CEMT) , Mineiros , 1♂, 27.iv.2004, F.F. Albertoni ( MZSP) , Rio Verde , 1♀, xi.1959 ( DZUP) , Rio Verde , 1♂, v.2001, J. Carlos ( CEMT) , 1♂, v.2002, J. Carlos ( CEMT) , 1♂, x.1998 ( CEMT) , Vianópolis , 1♂, 6.x.1966, N. Tangerini ( DZUP) ; Distrito Federal: Brasília , 1♂, iii.1979, A. Bello ( CEMT) , 1♀, viii.1960, H.S. Lopes ( FIOC) ; Maranhão: Caxias, 1♂, 10–20.xi.2008, Limeira de Oliveira ( MZSP) , 1♀, 26–28.iii.2009, A.F. Santos & J.S. Silva & M.E. Conrado ( MZSP) ; Ceará: Carquejo , 1♀, 2♂, ii.1961, Dirings ( MZSP) , 1♀, ii.1964, Dirings ( MZSP) , 1♀, ii.1966, Dirings ( MZSP) ; Rio Grande do Norte: Natal , 1♂, i.1950, M. Alvarenga ( MZSP) , 2♀, ii.1951, Alvarenga ( MZSP) , 2♂, iii.1950, M. Alvarenga ( MZSP) , 1♀, 1♂, vi.1952, Alva- renga ( MZSP) , 1♀, vii.1951, Alvarenga ( MZSP) , 1♂, xii.1951, Alvarenga ( MZSP) , Parnamirim, Natal , 1♀, i.1950, M. Alvarenga ( MNRJ) ; Bahia: Est. Rio–Bahia , 1, xii.1980, B. Silva ( MNRJ) , 1♀, G. Bondar ( MNRJ) , Maracas , 1♀, 9.xi.1965, F.M. Oliveira ( DZUP) , Paulo Afonso , 1♂, 23.x.1992, M. Cruz ( MZUFBA) ; Espírito Santo: Afonso Cláudio , 1♂, 14.vii.1966, C.T. & C. Elias ( DZUP) , Linhares , 1♂, xii.1967 ( MNRJ) ; Rio de Janeiro: Floresta da Tijuca , 1, ii.935, C.A. Campos Seabra ( MNRJ) ; São Paulo: Batatais , 1♂, xii.1967, Pe. J. Moure ( DZUP) , Castilho Marg. Esq. R. Paraná, 1♀, x.1964, Exp. Dpto. Zool. ( MZSP) , Cerqueiro , 1♂, xii.1997, J. Carlos ( CEMT) , Jales , 1♀, 1♂, 2013 ( DZUP) , 5♀, 2♀, 3♂, 4♂, 13–17.v.2013, J.S. da Mata ( DZUP) , 1♂, 13–17.v.2015, J.S. da Mata ( DZUP) , Pirassununga , 1♀, 14.xii.1949, Schulbart ( MZSP) , 1♀, 4.xi.1945, Schulbart ( MZSP) ; Santa Catarina: Rio Vermelho , 2♀, 1♂, i.1961, Dirings ( MZSP) . ARGENTINA : Salta: Parque Nacional Finca El Rey , 1♂, viii.1958, A. Martinez ( MZSP) , Pocitos , 1♂, i.1962, A. Martinez ( MZSP) , S. Martin Pocitos , 1♂, xi.1939, A. Martinez ( MZSP) , S. Martin, Pocitos , 1♀, xi.1959, A. Martinez ( MZSP) . PARAGUAY: Amambay: 1♀, 1–6.ii.2006, B. Garcete, light trap (mercury) ( DZUP) ; Concepcíon: Horqueta , 2♀, 11.ii.1984, P. Mueller ( DZUP) , 1♀, 22.viii.1986, Colr. P.M. Mueller ( DZUP) ; Undefined locality: 1♀, vi.1988, Carlos A. Julio ( DZUP) .

Geographical distribution. Although Wibmer & O’Brien (1986) recorded the occurrence of H. tuberculosus in

Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina , they did not provide more exact distributions within these countries. Our examination of the specimens indicate the species´ presence in the Brazilian Amazon forest (Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia states); in the Cerrado (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Goiás states, and the Federal District); in the Caatinga (Maranhão, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, and Bahia states); and in the Atlantic Forest (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina states). In Paraguay it is found in the Amambay and Concepcíon provinces. In Argentina the taxon was registered for Salta, Chaco region ( Fig. 23D ).

Associated plants. The labels of the eight adults collected at Jales, São Paulo state, deposited in the DZUP, indicated H. tuberculosus in hybrid grape cultivars ( Vitaceae ).

Remarks. Heilus tuberculosus differs from the other species by characteristics mentioned in the identification key.

Figures

FIGURE 18. Aedeagus. A. Heilus inaequalis, dorsal view. B. Heilus inaequalis, lateral view. C. Heilus pupillatus. D. Heilus tuberculosus. E. Heilus rufescens. F. Heilus freyreissi. G. Heilus myops. H. Heilus faldermanni. I. Heilus ochrifer. J. Heilus fasciculatus. K. Heilus iniquus. L. Heilus bistigma. Legends: median lobe (ml), internal sac sclerite (sc), median lobe apodemes (mla).

FIGURE 19. Internal sac sclerite. A. Heilus inaequalis. B. Heilus pupillatus. C. Heilus tuberculosus. D. Heilus rufescens. E. Heilus freyreissi. F. Heilus myops. G. Heilus faldermanni. H. Heilus ochrifer. I. Heilus fasciculatus. J. Heilus iniquus. K. Heilus bistigma.

FIGURE 20. Tegmen. A. Heilus inaequalis. B. Heilus pupillatus. C. Heilus tuberculosus. D. Heilus rufescens. E. Heilus freyreissi. F. Heilus myops. G. Heilus faldermanni. H. Heilus ochrifer. I. Heilus fasciculatus. J. Heilus iniquus. K. Heilus bistigma. Legends: dorsal lobe (ld), manubrium (m).

FIGURE 21. Female genitalia. A. Heilus inaequalis. B. Heilus pupillatus. C. Heilus tuberculosus. D. Heilus rufescens. E. Heilus freyreissi. F. Heilus myops. G. Heilus faldermanni. H. Heilus ochrifer. I. Heilus fasciculatus. J. Heilus iniquus. K. Heilus bistigma. Legends: coxite (cx), styli (st), common oviduct (co), bursa copulatrix (bc), spermathecal duct (spd), spermathecal capsule (sp), spermathecal gland (spg).

FIGURE 22. Spermathecal capsule. A. Heilus inaequalis. B. Heilus pupillatus. C. Heilus tuberculosus. D. Heilus rufescens. E. Heilus freyreissi. F. Heilus myops. G. Heilus faldermanni. H. Heilus ochrifer. I. Heilus fasciculatus; J. Heilus iniquus; K. Heilus bistigma. Legends: cornu (cr), collum (cl), ramus (ra).

FIGURE 23. Geographical distribution of Heilus species based on labels information. A. South America Brazilian biomes and Paraguayan and Argentine ecoregions. B. Heilus inaequalis; C. Heilus pupillatus; D. Heilus tuberculosus; E. Heilus rufescens; F. Heilus freyreissi; G. Heilus myops; H. Heilus faldermanni; I Heilus ochrifer; J. Heilus fasciculatus; K. Heilus iniquus; L. Heilus bistigma.