Thalassodes immissaria Walker, 1861

Han, Hongxiang & Xue, Dayong, 2011, Thalassodes and related taxa of emerald moths in China (Geometridae, Geometrinae), Zootaxa 3019, pp. 26-50 : 28-29

Thalassodes immissaria Walker, 1861

Figs 1 , 21 , 40 , 58 , 84

Thalassodes immissaria Walker, 1861 , List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus ., 22: 553. Syntype (s) 3, Ceylon [ Sri Lanka].

Material examined. CHINA: Hunan ( IZCAS): Hengshan, 25.VI.1981, coll. Li Jutao, 13; Liuyang, 20.XI.1984, 1Ƥ. Hainan ( IZCAS): Danzhou, South China University of Tropical Agriculture, 140–150 m, 15–17.V.2007, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1Ƥ; Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 1–4.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 135Ƥ (Slide No. 1203 (3)); Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, Yan Keji, 538Ƥ (Slide No. 1230 (3), 1232 (3), 1233 (Ƥ)); Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji, 232Ƥ (Slide No. 1247(3)); Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 7–11.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang, Lang Songyun, 2235Ƥ (Slide No. 1191(Ƥ), 1192(3), 1193(3), 1239(3)); ibidem, 732 m, 8–9.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 1Ƥ; ibidem, 730–900 m, 1.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 13; Wanning, Xinglong, 41 m, 21.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 1Ƥ; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920 m, 2–5.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang, Lang Songyun, 532Ƥ (Slide No. 1205(3)); ibidem, 95 m, 10.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 131Ƥ (Slide No. 1214(3)); ibidem, 929 m, 11–12.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 1Ƥ; ibidem, 30–31.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 439Ƥ; Ledong, Jianfengling, Yulingu, 707 m, 21.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1Ƥ. Guangxi ( IZCAS): Longzhou, Nonggang, 330 m, 15.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian, 13 (Slide No. 612). Yunnan ( IZCAS): Wenshan, Malipo, Tianshengqiao, 1105 m, 5, 21–25.XI.2003, coll. Lu Shengxian, 3Ƥ (Slide No. 1261). Hong Kong (AG Coll.): Victoria peak , Hong Kong Island, 23.VIII. (G.42), 13. INDONESIA ( BMNH): G. Rangkoenau, Paloe, W. Celebes, 1800 ft, XII.1936, (J.P.A. Kalis), Rothschild Bequest, B.M. 1939-1, 13 (Slide No. 4161); ibidem, 900 ft, XI.1936, 13; Sidaonta, Paloe, W. Celebes, 4500 ft, VI.1937, (J.P.A. Kalis), Rothschild Bequest, B.M. 1939-1, 1Ƥ (Slide No. 4153). MALAYSIA ( BMNH): Sarawak, Kuching, Semengok , 3–9.II.1976, E.W. Classey, B.M. 1976-116, 13 (Slide No. 8685; figured specimen in The Moths of Borneo Part 9).

Diagnosis. T. immissaria can be distinguished from the other congeners by the male genitalia having a long, tongue-like valva basal process and a tongue-like harpe. Other similar species, for example T. viridulus Inoue, 2006 ( Philippines) , T. yazakii Inoue, 2006 (Sulawesi, Philippines) and T. intaminata Inoue, 1971 also have a long valva basal process. The harpe of the first two species have two processes, and the harpe of the last species is a horn-like or triangular sclerite instead of tongue-like. The aedeagus is slender as in T. intaminata , but the sclerotized posterior process is usually much more acute than that of T. intaminata (but also pointed in BMNH slide 17678). The cornutus is smaller than in T. intaminata . The posterior margin of the male eighth sternite is less excavated centrally than that of T. intaminata The corpus bursae is relatively small and much shorter than the ductus bursae. Whereas, in T. intaminata , the corpus bursae is of similar length to the ductus bursae. The frons is greyish reddish brown. The terminal line appears as brown dots on the vein ends as in T. opalina Butler, 1880 .

Biology. Holloway (1996) and Parsons et al. (1999) recorded the food plants of Thalassodes immissaria as follows: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica ; Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus camaldulensis ; Sapindaceae : Dimocarpus longan , Nephelium ; Lythraceae : Lagerstroemia . Hung et al. (2006) recorded Thalassodes immissarius Walker (a misspelling of immissaria ) feeding on litchi ( Litchi chinensis ) and longan ( Dimocarpus longans ) in Taiwan, both of the Sapindaceae family.

Distribution. China (Hunan, Taiwan, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Yunnan), Japan, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 20. Adults of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes, Pelagodes and Remiformvalva. 1, Thalassodes immissaria; 2, T. intaminata; 3, T. maipoensis; 4, T. opalina; 5, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 6 – 7. O. floccosa. 6, male; 7, female; 8, O. pervulgatus; 9, O. falsaria; 10, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 11, P. proquadraria; 12 – 13, P. semengok; 14, P. paraveraria sp. nov., holotype; 15, P. bellula sp. nov., holotype; 16, P. simplvalvae sp. nov., holotype; 17, P. subquadraria; 18, P. sinuspinae sp. nov., holotype; 19, P. clarifimbria; 20, Remiformvalva viridicaput. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 21 – 26. Male genitalia of Thalassodes and Orothalassodes. 21, Thalassodes immissaria; 22, T. intaminata; 23, T. maipoensis; 24, T. opalina; 25, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 26, O. floccosa. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 40 – 57. Aedeagus of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes, Pelagodes and Remiformvalva. 40, Thalassodes immissaria; 41, T. intaminata; 42, T. maipoensis; 43, T. opalina; 44, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 45, O. floccosa; 46, O. pervulgatus; 47, O. falsaria; 48, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 49, P. proquadraria; 50, P. semengok; 51, P. paraveraria sp. nov.; 52, P. bellula sp. nov.; 53, P. simplvalvae sp. nov.; 54, P. subquadraria; 55, P. sinuspinae sp. nov.; 56, P. clarifimbria; 57, Remiformvalva viridicaput. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 58 – 72. The eighth segment of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes and Pelagodes. 58, Thalassodes immissaria; 59, T. intaminata; 60, T. opalina; 61, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 62, O. floccosa; 63, O. pervulgatus; 64, O. falsaria; 65 – 70, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 71, P. proquadraria; 72, P. semengok. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 84 – 96. Female genitalia of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes, Pelagodes and Remiformvalva. 84, Thalassodes immissaria; 85, T. intaminata; 86, T. opalina; 87, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 88, O. floccosa; 89, O. pervulgatus; 90, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 91, P. proquadraria; 92, P. bellula sp. nov.; 93, P. simplvalvae sp. nov.; 94, P. subquadraria; 95, P. clarifimbria; 96, Remiformvalva viridicaput. Scales bars = 1 mm.