Thalassodes opalina Butler, 1880

Han, Hongxiang & Xue, Dayong, 2011, Thalassodes and related taxa of emerald moths in China (Geometridae, Geometrinae), Zootaxa 3019, pp. 26-50 : 29-30

Thalassodes opalina Butler, 1880

Figs 4 , 24 , 43 , 60 , 86

Thalassodes opalina Butler, 1880 , Ann. Mag. nat . Hist. (5) 6: 214. Holotype 3, India: Darjeeling. (BMNH) Thalassodes immissaria opalina: Prout, 1933 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World 12: 100, pl. 11i.

Thalassodes proquadraria: Han & Xue, 2002 , Forest Insects of Hainan Island: 549. ( Nec Inoue )

Material examined. Holotype ( BMNH), 3, INDIA: Darjiling, 79.57 (Slide No. 4119; photograph examined). CHINA: Hainan ( IZCAS): Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, Yan Keji, 4Ƥ; Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, Yan Keji, 1738Ƥ (Slide No. 1229(3), 1231(3), 1259(Ƥ)); Jianfeng, 13–15.IV.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin, 231Ƥ (one labeled, 900 m, Slide No. 1263(Ƥ)); ibidem, 9.VIII.1983, coll. Liu Yuanfu, 13; Ledong, Jianfengling, 934 m, 14–17.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 23 (Slide No. 1242, 1258); ibidem, 828 m, 24.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 13. Yunnan ( IZCAS): Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 1000 m, 3.IX.1957, coll. Wang Shuyong, 13(Slide No. 1252); Xishuangbanna, Damengyang, 650 m, 4.VIII.1958, coll. Zhang Yiran, 13. Kouangsi (Guangxi) ( ZFMK): Région de Nanning, 1929, 23. INDIA ( BMNH): Punjab, 1920-356, 13 (photograph examined).

Diagnosis. T. opalina is close to T. opalinoides Holloway, 1996 (Borneo) externally and on genitalia. On wing pattern, T. opalina lacks the distinctive feature that Holloway (1996) indicated for T. opalinoides i.e. — the ground colour grades darker towards the postmedial lines from the base and is abruptly paler just distal to them. In the male genitalia, T. opalina shares a spine-like valva basal process, a large blunt ampulla and a slender spine-like harpe with T. opalinoides . However in T. opalinoides , a scobinate, semicircular plate at the base of valva basal process is present. The sacculus is more strongly developed in T. opalina than in T. opalinoides , with a sclerotized and spinulose ventral margin. The aedeagus has a blunt posterior process and an acute cornutus, but both of these processes are acute in T. opalinoides . The male eighth sternite is identical to that of T. opalinoides in that the posterior margin is deeply rounded and concave, with two blunt protrusions. The female genitalia are almost identical to those of T. opalinoides . Both species bear a Y-shaped signum, which bears a tiny pointed process on the end of each branch. The lamella postvaginalis is a pair of sclerotized blunt protrusions, which are joined anteriorly.

Distribution. China ( Taiwan, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan), India, Thailand.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 20. Adults of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes, Pelagodes and Remiformvalva. 1, Thalassodes immissaria; 2, T. intaminata; 3, T. maipoensis; 4, T. opalina; 5, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 6 – 7. O. floccosa. 6, male; 7, female; 8, O. pervulgatus; 9, O. falsaria; 10, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 11, P. proquadraria; 12 – 13, P. semengok; 14, P. paraveraria sp. nov., holotype; 15, P. bellula sp. nov., holotype; 16, P. simplvalvae sp. nov., holotype; 17, P. subquadraria; 18, P. sinuspinae sp. nov., holotype; 19, P. clarifimbria; 20, Remiformvalva viridicaput. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 21 – 26. Male genitalia of Thalassodes and Orothalassodes. 21, Thalassodes immissaria; 22, T. intaminata; 23, T. maipoensis; 24, T. opalina; 25, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 26, O. floccosa. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 40 – 57. Aedeagus of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes, Pelagodes and Remiformvalva. 40, Thalassodes immissaria; 41, T. intaminata; 42, T. maipoensis; 43, T. opalina; 44, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 45, O. floccosa; 46, O. pervulgatus; 47, O. falsaria; 48, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 49, P. proquadraria; 50, P. semengok; 51, P. paraveraria sp. nov.; 52, P. bellula sp. nov.; 53, P. simplvalvae sp. nov.; 54, P. subquadraria; 55, P. sinuspinae sp. nov.; 56, P. clarifimbria; 57, Remiformvalva viridicaput. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 58 – 72. The eighth segment of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes and Pelagodes. 58, Thalassodes immissaria; 59, T. intaminata; 60, T. opalina; 61, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 62, O. floccosa; 63, O. pervulgatus; 64, O. falsaria; 65 – 70, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 71, P. proquadraria; 72, P. semengok. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 84 – 96. Female genitalia of Thalassodes, Orothalassodes, Pelagodes and Remiformvalva. 84, Thalassodes immissaria; 85, T. intaminata; 86, T. opalina; 87, Orothalassodes hypocrites; 88, O. floccosa; 89, O. pervulgatus; 90, Pelagodes antiquadraria; 91, P. proquadraria; 92, P. bellula sp. nov.; 93, P. simplvalvae sp. nov.; 94, P. subquadraria; 95, P. clarifimbria; 96, Remiformvalva viridicaput. Scales bars = 1 mm.