Clubiona Latreille, 1804
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https://doi.org/ 10.3906/zoo-2003-7 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B62759-FFEC-781A-FFBC-FA46FAE3F8DA |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Clubiona Latreille, 1804 |
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Genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 View in CoL
Comments. Most of subgenera and species-groups were established as genus, but currently regarded as junior synonyms of Clubiona by World Spider Catalog (2020), and not listed in this Catalogue. Several authors have suggested elevation of the subgenera and species-groups to genera level, e.g., Porrhoclubiona has been elevated from subgenus Porrhoclubiona (= Clubiona genevensis -group) to genus level by Marusik and Omelko (2018); Wunderlich (2011) raised all subgenera to generic status. However, with the exception of elevation of Porrhoclubiona , the other decisions were not accepted by World Spider Catalog (2020).
The genus Clubiona is very diverse and so far more than 500 valid species have been described. Before splitting such a genus, all current species should be considered, which certainly requires a large-scale study (i.e. a worldwide phylogenetic revision).
Clubiona corticalis species-group
Diagnosis. See Yu and Li (2019a).
Comments. The corticalis -group fits Lohmander’s Paraclubiona Lohmander, 1944 (subgenus with type species C. corticalis ) and genus Atalia Thorell, 1887 (type species A. concinna Thorell, 1887 , belongs to the corticalisgroup ) ( Wu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018). The group may be further separated from genus Clubiona senau lato, to be reconstructed to genus level ( Zhang et al., 2018).
The present study follows World Spider Catalog (2020) in regarding Paraclubiona and Atalia as synonyms of Clubiona , rather than reconstruct the generic status of the corticalis -group. Consequently, we temporarily place the three new species in Clubiona senau lato and assign them to C. corticalis -group.
Clubiona caohai sp. nov.
( Figures 1–3 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 )
Type material. Holotype ♂ and paratype 1♀, China: Guizhou Province, Bijie City , Weining County, Caohai Town, Caohai national nature reserve (26°51′54.96″ N, 104°14′4.63″ E), 2178 m, 25-v-2016, leg. Hao Yu & Cong Leng. GoogleMaps
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun.
Diagnosis. The male of C. caohai sp. n. can be distinguished from all other members of the C. corticalisgroup , except C. lamina Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2007 ( Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A–1C), by having a wide embolus, and a similar blade-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis, but can be distinguished from C. lamina by having: (1) the embolar apex sharp and curved ( Figures 2A–2E View Figure 2 ); with a blunt apex in C. lamina ( Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A and 1C); (2) the conductor directed prolatero-distally and do not extend to the cymbial tip ( Figure 2D View Figure 2 ), vs. pointing distally and extending to the cymbial tip in C. lamina ( Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A and 1C); (3) in ventral view, the emblolic base wider than the middle part of embolus ( Figure 2D View Figure 2 ) in new species, vs. the embolus is narrowest at base in C. lamina ( Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A and 1C); (4) tegulum apically unmodified ( Figures 2C–2E View Figure 2 ), vs. the apical portion of the tegulum distintly humped in C. lamina ( Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A and 1C). The female of the new species is similar to those of C. altissimoides Liu, Yan, Griswold & Ubick, 2007 ( Liu et al., 2007: figs 6 and 7) by the small and more or less cordiform atrium, and by the general shape of vulva, but differ in the following: (1) copulatory openings located in anterior part of atrium ( Figures 3A and 3B View Figure 3 ), vs. located at posterior sides of atrium in C. altissimoides ( Liu et al., 2007: fig 6); (2) spermathecal head oval and unsmoothed, with numerous papilliform or scale-like poxes at anterior surface ( Figures 3C and 3D View Figure 3 ), vs. fan-shaped and smoothed in C. altissimoides ( Liu et al., 2007: fig 7).
Description. Male ( Figures 3E and 3F View Figure 3 ). TL 5.75; CL 2.50, CW 1.76; AL 3.25, AW 1.66. Carapace, elongate-oval, pale brown in alcohol, uniformly colored, without distinct pattern; fovea dark; ocular region distinctly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves distinct. Chelicerae brown, fang furrow with 3 teeth on the promargin and 2 teeth on the retromargin. Labium and endites colored as carapace. Sternum brown. Eyes: AER in dorsal view slightly recurved, PER wider than AER and almost straight. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15. AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.14, MOQL 0.33, MOQA 0.36, MOQP 0.49. Legs uniformly yellowish-white. Leg measurements: I 6.67 (1.76, 2.62, 1.44, 0.85), II 6.97 (1.77, 2.76, 1.56, 0.88), III 5.71 (1.60, 1.95, 1.54, 0.62), IV 7.82 (2.16, 2.55, 2.42, 0.69). Abdomen long-oval, grayish, dorsum clothed with dense grey setae, anteriorly with an arrow-shaped median band, posteriorly with 5 or 6 chevrons; venter brown, with several pairs of irregular color patches and spots; spinnerets brown.
Palp ( Figures 2A–2E View Figure 2 ): Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia short, with 2 apophyses: a heavily sclerotized dorsoretrolateral one, about 1/2 of palpal tibia length, with sharp apex, shaped like a blade; and a small, papilliform, partly membranous ventro-retrolateral apophysis. Cymbium longer than tegulum, 1.8 longer than wide, cymbial base with a blunt, thumb-like apophysis. Tegulum elongate-oval, 1.4 longer than wide; bulb strongly bulged, sperm duct indistinct in ventral view. Embolus wide and heavily sclerotized, about 2/3 of the tegulum length, daggershaped and narrowed in the middle, its tip slightly curved and extending above apex of cymbium. Conductor long, membranous, and finger-like, originating from retrolateral side of tegulum, its tip hidden behind embolus.
Female. General appearance similar to male, but slightly larger in size and lighter in color ( Figures 3G and 3H View Figure 3 ). Measurements: TL 7.35; CL 3.08, CW 2.21; AL 4.27, AW 2.35. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.16, PME 0.13, PLE 0.16. AME–AME 0.19, AME– ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.38, PME–PLE 0.28, MOQL 0.52, MOQA 0.48, MOQP 0.68. I I 7.09 (2.03, 2.97, 1.31, 0.78), II 7.37 (2.19, 3.07, 1.26, 0.85), III 6.11 (1.76, 2.22, 1.41, 0.72), IV 8.76 (2.50, 3.15, 2.32, 0.79).
Epigyne ( Figures 3A–3D View Figure 3 ). Epigynal plate nearly square shaped, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible through integument. Atrium small, about 1/3 of epigyne length and 1/4 of epigyne width, anteriorly cordiform, posteriorly triangular. Copulatory openings small, located on anterolateral margin of atrium. Spermathecae with 2 parts: spermathecal head oval and large, 1.5 longer than wide, anterior surface rough with numerous papilliform or scale-like blains, the two spermathecal heads separated by 0.8 diameters; spermathecal base tubular and convoluted, about 2.8 longer than diameter, distinctly smaller than spermathecal head. Fertilization ducts short and curved, acicular. Bursae situated posteriorly, globular, closely spaced, more or less spherical, its diameter about 3/4 of spermathecal head length, surface translucent and smooth.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Caohai national nature reserve, Guizhou, China ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ).
Clubiona dakong sp. nov.
( Figures 1 View Figure 1 and 4 View Figure 4 )
Type material. Holotype ♀, China: Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi Prefecture, Mt. Segrila, Lunang Town , near the village of Luobu (29°43′41.70″ N, 94°43′47.42″ E), 3376 m, 14-vii-2017, leg. Jian Chen et al. GoogleMaps
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin ‘dà kǒng’, which means ‘large opening’, referring to the large atrium; noun in apposition.
Diagnosis. The new species is similar to C.ovalis Zhang, 1991 ( Zhang, 1991: figs 18 and 19) in having similarly oval atrium and general appearance of vulva. From C. ovalis , the female of the new species can be easily distinguished by the atrium lager than spermathecae (while C. ovalis female has an atrium smaller than spermathecae) (cf. Figures 4A– 4E View Figure 4 ; Zhang, 1991: figs 18 and 19).
Description. Female ( Figures 4F and 4G View Figure 4 ). TL 7.00; CL 3.42, CW 2.48; AL 3.86, AW 2.04. Carapace light brown except dark brown ocular area, without distinct pattern; fovea dark; cephalic region distinctly narrowed, cervical groove distinct, radial grooves unconspicuous. Chelicerae robust and dark brown, fang furrow with 3 teeth on the promargin and 2 teeth on the retromargin. Labium and endites slightly lighter in color than chelicerae. Sternum colored as carapace, bounded by numerous relativity long setae. Eyes: in dorsal view, both AER and PER recurved, the former narrower than the latter. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.18, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15. AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.35, PME–PLE 0.29, MOQL 0.46, MOQA 0.41, MOQP 0.47. Legs uniformly yellowish-white; leg measurements: I missing, II — (1.39, 2.19, 1.08, —), III — (2.11, 2.41, 1.35, —), IV 9.99 5.59 (2.79, 1.91, —, —). Abdomen long-oval, dorsum centrally with a lengthwise reticular pattern, reaching 2/5th of abdomen length, furnished with a thick tuft of setae anteriorly, posteriorly with a fuzzy pattern represented by numerous horizontal stripes or blotches; venter reddish-brown, medially with two longitudinal dotted lines; spinnerets brown.
Epigyne ( Figures 4A–4E View Figure 4 ). Epigynal plate slightly longer than wide, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible through transparent integument. Atrium shaped like a chicken egg, 1.4 longer than wide, unremarkably large, about 1/2 of epigyne length, anterior atrial border slightly concave in the middle. Copulatory openings small, closely spaced, located at posterior atrial margin. Spermathecae composed by 2 parts: spermathecal head oval and large, surface smooth, 1.4 longer than wide, the two spermathecal heads separated by one diameter; spermathecal base tubular and smaller than spermathecal head, surface wrinkled. Fertilization ducts acicular, membranous, located on distal surface of spermathecae. Bursae globular, situated posteriorly, closely spaced, its diameter about 3/4 of spermathecal head length; bursal surface membranous and wrinkled, inside pigmented and sclerotized.
Male: Unkown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Mt. Segrila, Tibet, China ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ).
Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov.
( Figures 1 View Figure 1 and 5 View Figure 5 )
Type material. Holotype ♀ and paratype 1♀, China: Hunan province, Changde City, Shimen County, Mt. Huping , Hupingshan Town , near the village of Jinbanshan (30°7′58.99″ N, 110°42′0.99″ E), 755 m, 9-viii-2019, leg. Hao Yu et al. GoogleMaps
Etymology. The specific name is in honor of Yanzhi Yu, the son of the authors.
Diagnosis. Females of Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov. are most similar to C. biforamina Liu, Peng & Yan, 2016 ( Liu et al., 2016: figs 6 and 7, 11 and 12) by having similar atrium with M-shaped anterior margin ( Figures 5A View Figure 5 – 4C View Figure 4 ), but can be easily recognized by the atrial hood ( Figures 5A–5C View Figure 5 ), the copulatory openings ( Figures 5A–5C View Figure 5 ) and vulva ( Figures 5D and 5E View Figure 5 ): (1) the atrial anterior margin (or hood) is distinct and heavily sclerotized ( Figures 5A–5C View Figure 5 ), vs. hood is absent in in C. biforamina ( Liu et al., 2016: figs 6 and 11); (2) copulatory openings indistinct and slit-like ( Figures 5A–5C View Figure 5 ), vs. obvious and circular in C. biforamina ( Liu et al., 2016: figs 6 and 11); (3) the spermathecal heads are vase-shaped ( Figures 5D and 5E View Figure 5 ), vs. hammer-shaped in C. biforamina ( Liu et al., 2016: figs 7 and 12); (4) bursae reniform in new species ( Figures 5D and 5E View Figure 5 ), and oval in C. biforamina ( Liu et al., 2016: figs 7 and 12).
Description. Female (holotype) ( Figures 5F and 5G View Figure 5 ). TL 5.14; CL 2.59, CW 1.65 wide; AL 2.56, AW 1.33. Carapace pyriform, light brown except dark-brown ocular area, without distinct pattern; ocular region slightly narrowed, fovea reddish; cervical groove and radial grooves indistinct. Chelicerae stout and dark brown, fang furrow with 3 teeth on promargin and 4 on retromargin, fangs red wine-colored. Labium and endites colored as ocular area. Sternum light brown. Eyes: in dorsal view, both AER and PER slightly recurved, the latter wider than the former; Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE 0.10. AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.19, MOQL 0.22, MOQA 0.28, MOQP 0.38. Legs uniformly yellowish-white. Leg measurements: I 3.88 (1.41, 1.32, 0.61, 0.54), II 54.99 (1.44, 1.96, 0.95, 0.63), III 4.94 (0.95, 1.13, 0.50, 0.42), IV 5.29 (1.85, 0.96, 1.91, 0.56). Abdomen long-oval, dorsally gray with dense setae and a lengthwise white heart mark, reaching posterior half; with a pairs of muscular depressions located at distal part of heart mark; venter light grey, without distinct pattern; spinnerets off-white.
Epigyne ( Figures 5A–5E View Figure 5 ). Epigynal plate 1.2 wider than long, bursae prominently visible through transparent integument. Atrium small, about 1/3 of epigyne width, anterior margin (or hood) heavily sclerotized, M-shaped. Copulatory openings indistinct, located in the hood. Spermathecae consisting of vase-shaped head and convoluted base, carrying small fertilization ducts on terminal ends; the two spermathecae close to each other. Bursae reniform, closely spaced, distinctly bigger than spermathecae, 1.3 longer than wide.
Male: Unkown.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Mt. Huping, Hunan, China ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ).
Nomenclatural acts: This work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank. ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) for this publication is: http:// zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FF59A8E1-CD66-4565-B090-EB15E05913C5 .
Acknowledgments
We thank an anonymous editor for editing the manuscript. The earlier version of the manuscript benefited greatly from constructive comments by Yuri M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia) and Mikhail M. Omelko (Vladivostok, Russia). We are deeply grateful to Man Fang and Zhengtao Zhang for their assistance during the field work. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province (J [2020] 1Y081), the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-31702006/41561072/31660691), and Guizhou Education University Academic Discipline Project (Biology).
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