Eugenia tenuipedunculata Kiaerskou (1893: 131)

Giaretta, Augusto, Lucas, Eve & Sano, Paulo Takeo, 2021, Taxonomic monograph of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), a group within Eugenia with unusual flowers, Phytotaxa 524 (3), pp. 135-177 : 168-171

9. Eugenia tenuipedunculata Kiaerskou (1893: 131) .

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ad Lagoa Santa in silvis, arbor grandis, fl., Octobri & Novembri, [18 October 1864], Warming s.n. (lectotype designed here: C [10015739-photo!]).

( Figures 1C–D , 21 ).

= Calycorectes pirataquinensis Mattos (1995b: 1) , syn. nov. Eugenia pirataquinensis (Mattos) Mattos (2005: 8) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia, Ilhéus, Pirataquiné, fl., 3 September 1944, H. Velloso [1006] (holotype: R! [41[9]82 herbarium number]).

= Eugenia brevistyla D.Legrand ( Legrand & Klein 1977: 18) , syn. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Ilha de S [anta] Catarina, Tapera, Ribeirão, 300 m a.s.l., fl., 18 November 1969, Klein & Bresolin 8426 (holotype: MVM; isotypes: ICN, FLOR, MBM! [139774], MO, PACA) .

= Eugenia falkenbergiana Mattos (2005: 4) . Calycorectes duarteanus D. Legrand (1970: 2) Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, Lui[z] Alves, [Braço Joaquim], 300 m a.s.l., fl., 21 June 1956, R.M. Reitz & Klein 3337 (holotype: MVM; isotypes: B [100244672-photo!], HUEFS, MBM! [51522], US [00118236-photo!], MO).

= Eugenia imaruiensis D.Legrand ( Legrand & Klein 1977: 22) , syn. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, Imaruí, Alto rio D’una, 450 m a.s.l., fl., 15 January 1974, A. Bresolin 1098 (holotype: MVM; isotypes ICN [photo!], FLOR, MO) .

= Eugenia neoaustralis Sobral (2003: 68) . Calycorectes australis D. Legrand (1961: 333) Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, Brusque, [Mata S. Pedro], fl., 3 November 1949, Reitz 3173 (holotype: MVM; isotypes: H [1386639-photo!, 1386640-photo!, 1386641- photo!], MO, PACA, S [05-3092 herbarium number-photo!], SI [002720-photo!], US [00048257-photo!]).

= Calycorectes australis var. impressovenosus D. Legrand (1961: 334) . Eugenia neoaustralis var. impressovenosa (D.Legrand) Mattos (2005: 11) . Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, Horto Florestal I.N.P., Ibirama, 400 m a.s.l., fl., 28 September 1957, Klein 2214 (holotype: MVM; isotypes: H [1386638-photo!], MO, NY [00561481-photo!], SI [002721-photo!], US [00048256-photo!]).

Trees 5 to 20 m tall. Young leaves with dense, matted, brownish trichomes up to 1 mm long, on both sides, glabrescent, or whitish trichomes up to 0.2 mm long, appressed, dense on both sides, glabrescent. Leaves with petioles 5–13 × 0.5–1 mm; blades 4–15 × 1.2–5 cm, elliptic, narrow-obovate or less often narrow-oblong; base acute or cuneate; apex acuminate, 0.5–2 cm long, sometimes attenuate; midvein canaliculate adaxially; secondary veins 9–12 per side; marginal veins two, the innermost 2–5 mm from the margin, the outermost 0.5–1 mm from the margin. Inflorescence terminal or axillar, fasciculiform, rarely auxotelic and recovering vegetative growth; bracts 0.5–1.2 × 1–1.5 mm, wide-ovate; fasciculiform rachis 0.5–5 mm long, flattened, puberulent, or sometimes tomentose; 1–4 pairs of flowers, pedicels 5–30 × 0.7–1 mm, glabrous, sometimes puberulent, or tomentose; up to two rachises sharing an axil; bracteoles 0.5–4 × 0.5–1 mm, ovate or less often lanceolate, puberulent or pubescent, deciduous before or after anthesis. Flower buds 3–5 × 2.5–5 mm, obovate, calyx lobes partially fused but free at the tip leaving an aperture of 1–2 mm diameter, or rare calyx lobes apparently free but fused at the base to 1–2 mm, tearing regularly at anthesis in 4 lobes, two unequal pairs, the outermost 2–5 × 2–4 mm, wide-ovate, the innermost 2–5 × 2–2.5 mm, ovate or narrow-ovate, puberulent or tomentose outside the hypanthium,; petals 3–6 × 2.5–3 mm, obovate; stamens straight in the bud, filaments up to 6 mm long, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long; staminal whorls flat, 3 mm diameter, squared, not tearing at anthesis; style 4–6 mm long; ovary 2–locules, 8–13 ovules per locule. Fruits 10–15 × 10–20 mm, globose, purplish when ripe, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, crowned by remnants of the regular calyx lobes; seeds 1–2.

Etymology:— The specific epithet likely refers to the long and slender pedicel of the flower.

Distribution and habitat:— Eugenia tenuipedunculata occurs in Southern (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), Southeastern (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and Northeastern Brazil (Bahia), known from coastal forest in the Serra do Mar and forest on quartzitic soil, at elevations between 0 to 1300 m ( Figure 22 ). Although the species has a wide range, it is more frequent in the southern part of its range, growing in coastal or lowland forest on well-drained soil, within Ombrophilous Dense Forest, in the Atlantic forest, and in the zone transitioning to the Cerrado, in outcrop forest on quartzitic soil, and within Semideciduous Forest.

Phenology:— Eugenia tenuipedunculata flowers have been collected from August to February and fruiting material from September to March ( Figure 6 ).

Conservation status:— Eugenia tenuipedunculata occurs in 10 protected areas (APA de Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe, APA de Guaraqueçaba, APA Guaratuba, APA de Petrópolis, APA da Serra da Mantiqueira, APA da Serra do Mar, PARNA do Caparaó, PES Carlos Botelho, PES Intervales and PES da Serra do Mar) and non-protected areas in well preserved and disturbed sites with EOO of 596,924 km ². Northeastern populations tend to be naturally scarce, particularly due to suppression of coastal environments to urbanization, increasing the risk of local extinction. Populations in the transitional zone between Atlantic forest and Cerrado are rare, therefore, more vulnerable to local extinction in case of environmental disturbs. Thus, it is suggested that this species should be rated as Least Concern (LC).

Comments:— The highly variable degree of calyx fusion of Eugenia tenuipedunculata misled Legrand & Klein (1977, under E. brevistyla ) who expressed doubt that this character alone might be not consistent to diagnose species. Degree of calyx fusion in the bud varies from 2 mm length at the base to nearly closed except for free lobes at the apex. Fusion of the calyx is homoplastic in Eugenia and the character must be used in combination with additional morphological characters ( Giaretta et al. 2019a). A reassessment of related species performed here supports combination of four previously accepted species, i.e. Eugenia brevistyla , E. imaruiensis , E. pirataquinensis and E. tenuipedunculata . This synonymization is supported by examination of the type specimen in combination with the protologue description that reveals Eugenia tenuipedunculata as having priority over the widely applied E. brevistyla . Eugenia tenuipedunculata can be confused with E. acutata but differs in the well-marked leaf venation with 9-12 pairs of secondary veins (vs. faintly marked with 11-22 pairs), inflorescences often fasciculiform, mostly emerging from leafless nodes (vs. auxotelic axes highly variable in length), up to two rachises per axil (vs. one rachis per axil), and buds 3–5 mm long (vs. 6–8 mm long).

Representative specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Arataca , 24 September 2006, fl., A . M . Amorim 6406 ( CEPEC!); Ilhéus , 3 September 1944, fl., H . Velloso 1006 ( R!); Una , 28 September 2001, fl. and fr., L . A . Passos Jr. 851 ( ALCB!) . Espírito Santo: Águia Branca , 3 July 2007, fl., R . R . Vervloet 2717 ( MBML!), 4 October 2007, fl., H . Q . Boudet 3512 ( MBML!); Conceição da Barra , 28 August 2012, fl., T . B . Flores 1226 ( MBML!, RB!, VIES!); Ibitirama , 28 October 2012, fl., T . B . Flores 1643 ( ESA!, MBML!, RB!, VIES!); Sooretama , 14 July 1969, fl., D. Sucre 5543 ( GUA!, RB!, SPF!) . Minas Gerais: Caratinga , 25 September 1985, fl., P . M . Andrade 716 ( RB!, SP!); Descoberto , 23 September 2002, fl., R . C . Forzza 2234 ( RB!); Santana do Paraíso , 23 December 2011, fr., M . Sobral 14571 ( RB!, SP!); São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo , 14 November 2010, fl., J . E .Q. Faria 1000 ( CEN!, UB!) . Paraná: Antonina , 10 December 1981, fr., L . Landrum 4009 ( MBM!, RB!); Guaraqueçaba , 21 May 1968, fl., G . Hatschbach 19234 ( INPA!, MBM!, P!); Guaratuba , 14 October 1989, fl., G . Hatschbach 53526 ( ESA!, G!, MBM!, SP!, SPF!, W!); Guaruva , 30 September 1983, fl., R . Kummrow 2320 ( INPA!, MBM!); Morretes , 29 November 1964, fl., G . Hatschbach 11913 ( MBM!); Paranaguá , 24 April 1968, fl., G . Hatschbach 20134 ( MBM!, W!) . Pernambuco: Rio Formoso , 9 September 1954, fl., J . I .A. Falcão 986 ( RB!, SPF!, UB!) . Rio de Janeiro: Guapimirim , 9 February 2015, fr., A . Giaretta 1493 ( SP!, SPF!); Magé , 13 November 1984, fl., H . C . de Lima 2396 ( RB!), 3 December 2000, fl., A . Quinet 1355 ( RFA!); Mangaratiba , 20 January 2000, fl., C . Mynssen 316 ( RB!); Nova Friburgo , 30 January 2015, fr., A . Giaretta 1478 ( SPF!); Paraty , 10 May 1994, fr., R . Marquete 1768 ( RB!); Rio das Ostras , 19 November 1999, fr., P . P . Oliveira 4167 ( MBM!); Rio de Janeiro, 1857, fl., Casaretto 1871 ( G!); Santa Maria Madalena , 2 March 2004, fr., E . J . Lucas 226 ( GUA!, K!, RB!) . Rio Grande do Sul: Torres , 15 November 1979, fr., Wechter 1465 ( RB!), 18 October 1990, fl., J . A . Jarenkow 1740 ( MBM!) . Santa Catarina : Guarámirim, 29 September 1947, fl., D. Hans 181 ( R!); Inferninho , 6 October 1957, fl., R . Reitz 4059 ( HRB!, K!); Itajaí , 9 September 1955, fl., R . Klein 1552 ( G!, RFA!); Jordão , 21 September 1971, fl., R . Klein 9696 ( ALCB!, HRB!, MBM!); Laguna , 1 October 1988, fl., G . Hatschbach 52330 ( HRB!, INPA!, MBM!, SP!); Praia Grande , 22 September 2009, fl., M . Verdi 2625 ( JBB!, MFS!); Sombrio , 5 September 1959, fl., R . R . Reitz 9070 ( G!, K!) . São Paulo: Campinas , 5 September 1994, fl., E . B . Bastos 14 ( ESA!, MBM!, RB!, SP!, SPF!); Cananéia , November 2007, fl., V . G . Staggemeier 111 ( MBM!, RB!, UB!); Caratinguetá , 7 October 1996, fr., D. C . Cavalcanti 166 ( SP!); Cubatão , 4 October 1988, fl., H . F . Leitão-Filho 20816 ( UB!); Iguape , 21 September 1990, fl., S . J .G. Silva 68 ( SP!, SPSF!); Picinguaba , 13 November 1990, fl., R . Marquete 285 ( HRB!, IBGE!, RB!, SPF!); São Miguel Arcanjo , 17 November 1992, fl., P . L .R. Moraes 738 ( ESA!, RB!, SP!), 17 November 1992, fl., P . L .R. Moraes 752 ( ESA!, SP!); Sete Barras , 26 October 1984, fl., A . C . Dias 8 ( SPSF!); Ubatuba , 16 September 1970, fl., H . F . Leitão-Filho 1050 ( MBM!), 29 November 1994, fl., A . Takahasi 65 ( SP!, SPF!, SPSF!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Diversity of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus. A–B. Eugenia acutata. A. Auxotelic inflorescence undergoing a second phase of vegetative growth. B. Flowers at anthesis. C–D. Eugenia tenuipedunculata. C. Flowers. D. Immature fruits. E. Eugenia neoriedeliana. Flower opening via transversal tearing at the calyx base resulting in a calyptra-like structure. F. Eugenia guanabarina. Flowers opening via transversal tearing at the calyx base resulting in a calyptra-like structure (S) placed in opposition to a petal (P). G–H. Eugenia longohypanthiata. G. Flower bud tearing irregularly at anthesis. H. Immature fruits crowned by the remnant of the calyx lobes (S) and the hypanthium (H). (A–B: A. Giaretta 1460; C: J.E.Q. Faria 1000; D: A. Giaretta 1493; E: A. Giaretta 1489; F: A. Giaretta 1035; G: A. Giaretta 1500; H: A. Giaretta 1502). Photos by A. Giaretta, except C by J.E.Q. Faria.

FIGURE 6. Frequency distribution (n) of flowering (black-line triangle) and fruiting (grey-filled triangle) stages based on herbarium material of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus.

FIGURE 21. Eugenia tenuipedunculata. A. Leaf branchlet with opened flowers. B. Inflorescence with flowers bud. C. Fruits. (A: N.M. Ivanauskas 892; B: J.M. Silva 1757; C: G. Hatschbach 54927).

FIGURE 22. Distribution of Eugenia tenuipedunculata.