Eugenia subterminalis De Candolle (1828: 263)

Giaretta, Augusto, Lucas, Eve & Sano, Paulo Takeo, 2021, Taxonomic monograph of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), a group within Eugenia with unusual flowers, Phytotaxa 524 (3), pp. 135-177 : 164-167

8. Eugenia subterminalis De Candolle (1828: 263) .

Type:— BRAZIL. [Bahia]: ad flum. Ilheos, fr., s.d., Martius s.n .

(lectotype designated here: G-DC! [00658292]; isolectotype: M [0171129-photo!]). ( Figure 19 ).

= Calycorectes belemii Mattos (1995a: 1) , syn. nov. Eugenia belemii (Mattos) Mattos (2005: 4) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Itabuna, margem do rio Cachoeira, fl., 23 September 1965, R.P. Belém 1793 (holotype: UB [not found]; isotype: CEPEC! [717 herbarium number]).

= Calycorectes legrandii Mattos (1974: 1) . Calycorectes psidiiflorus var. legrandii (Mattos) Mattos (1993: 3) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Atibaia, Pedra Grande, 1100 a.s.l., fl., 29 November 1961, J. Mattos 9528-A (holotype: SP! [001299]; isotypes: HAS, P! [02436220]).

= Calycorectes paraguayensis Mattos (1974: 2) , syn. nov. Type :— PARAGUAY. Juan Ximenes: fl., s.d., Bertoni I-100 (holotype: AS; isotype: HAS).

= Calycorectes psidiiflorus var. triflorus Mattos (1993: 3) . Eugenia psidiiflora var. triflora (Mattos) Mattos (2005: 8) . Type:— BRAZIL. Paraná: Guaira, Sete Quedas, fl., 18 August 1982, G. Hatschbach 45214 (holotype: ICN; isotypes: MBM! [herbarium number 76497], MO).

= Calycorectes schultzianus Mattos (1992: 2) . Calycorectes psidiiflorus var. schultzianus (Mattos) Mattos (1996a) . Eugenia psidiiflora var. schultziana (Mattos) Mattos (2005: 8) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Veranópolis, próximo ao rio das Antas, na mata, fl., 2 November 1984, N. Silveira 1694 (holotype: FLOR; isotypes: HAS, RB! [00265680], R! [165543 herbarium number]).

= Calycorectes striatulus Mattos (1989: 9) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, perto da encruzilhada, na rodovia para Canela , 13 December 1978, fl., J. Mattos et al. 19818 (holotype: HAS [90382 herbarium number-photo!]; isotype: MO) .

= Eugenia psidiiflora O. Berg (1857: 223) , syn. nov., not Eugenia mansoi O. Berg (1857: 223) . Calycorectes psidiiflorus (O.Berg) Sobral (1985: 636) . Type:— Brazil. [São Paulo]: habitat ad. S[ão] Carlos, fr., s.d., Manso [36] (lectotype designated here: W! [0075532]; probable isolectotype: F [fragment-photo!]).

= Psidium pirayuense Barbosa Rodrigues (1907 , sér. 2, 7: 798), nom. nud. Syntypes:— PARAGUAY. In dumentis Villa Hayes , July , E. Hassler 544 (G! [00166280, 00166281]); in dumentis pr. Pirayu , July , E. Hassler 590 (G! [00166282, 00166283]); ad ripas fluminis Juqueri, December, E. Hassler 1679 [unknown collection].

= Psidium tobatyense Barbosa Rodrigues (1907 , sér. 2, 7: 798), nom. nud. Syntypes:— PARAGUAY. Tobaty : fl., September, E. Hassler 6164 ( BM! [000511334], G! [00072629], NY [01288092-photo!]); in silvis pr. Tucangua, fl., July, E . Hassler 612 ( K! [000565048], G! [00072623, 00072624, 00072625, 00072626]); ad ripam lacus Ypacaray, fl., August, E . Hassler 861 ( K! [000565049], G! [00072627, 00072628], P! [00780940]) .

= Stenocalyx rufescens Kausel (1967: 368) . Calycorectes riedelianus O. Berg (1859: 596) , non Stenocalyx riedelianus O. Berg (1857: 349) . Eugenia psidiiflora var. riedeliana (O.Berg) Mattos (2005: 8) . Type:—Brazil. Bahia: ad ripam fluvii Itahype prope Almada, fl., August to September 1822, Riedel s.n. (lectotype designated here: LE! [00004119, pro parte: two bottom branchlets]; isolectotypes: F [fragment, 971423 herbarium number-photo!], G! [00227493, 00227494], GH [00068864-photo!], K! [000001393], LE! [3 sheets], M [0171257-photo!], NY [00386741-photo!], P! [05229259, 05229263, 05229265], S [05-3105 herbarium numberphoto!], U [0116085-photo!], UB! [fragment, 4803-8 herbarium number], W! [100508 herbarium number, 0070611 herbarium number]).—Remaining syntype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: fl., s.d., J.S. Blanchet 2340 (F [0064798-photo!], G! [3 sheets], K! [000565052], LE! [00004119, pro parte: top branchlet], MICH [1109800-photo!], NY [00386739-photo!, 00386740-photo!], OXF! [00067682], P! [00798905, 05229261], W! [121036 herbarium number, 121040 herbarium number]).

Shrubs or trees 1 to 13 m tall. Young leaves glabrous, or sometimes with whitish appressed trichomes up to 0.2 mm long, or glabrescent. Leaves with petioles 1.5–5 × 0.6–0.8 mm; blades 1.5–7 × 0.5–2.5 cm, narrow-elliptic, elliptic or wide-elliptic; base cuneate or acute, rare obtuse; apex attenuate, acute or acuminate, 0.2–2 cm long, rare obtuse; midvein canaliculate adaxially; secondary veins 5–7 per side; marginal veins two, the innermost 1–2.5 mm from the margin, the outermost 0.5 mm from the margin, often indistinct from the margin. Inflorescence terminal, subterminal, less often axillar, auxotelic often recovering vegetative growth; bracts 1–3 × 0.5–1 mm, ovate; rachis 1–5 mm long, terete, puberulent; 1–3 pairs of flowers, pedicels 2–30 × 0.5–0.7 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; up to one rachis per axil; bracteoles 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, narrow-ovate, lanceolate or ovate, glabrous, persistent in the fruit. Flower buds 4.5–6 × 3–5 mm, obovate, calyx lobes partially fused but free at the tips leaving an aperture of 1–2 mm diameter, tearing regularly at anthesis into 4 lobes, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–4 mm, glabrous or dense on hypanthium outside; petals 4–6.5 × 2.5–5 mm, obovate or elliptic; stamens straight in the bud, filaments up to 8 mm long, anthers 0.5–1 mm long; staminal whorls flat, 3.5–6 mm diameter, squared, not tearing at anthesis; style 5–7 mm long; ovary 2(3)–locules, 8–13 ovules per locule. Fruits 7–12 × 8–22 mm, globose, red when ripe, glabrous, crowned by the remnants of the regular calyx lobes; seeds 1–2.

Etymology:— The specific epithet likely refers to the flower often emerging from the terminal and sub-terminal axils.

Distribution and habitat:— Eugenia subterminalis is widely distributed and occurs in Southern (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná), Southeastern (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), Central-West Brazil (Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul) and Northeastern (Bahia) Brazil known from several vegetation types in the Planalto Meridional, Planalto Central, Serra Geral, Serra do Mar, Serra da Mantiqueira, Serra de Maracaju and Serra da Bodoquena, also with extra-Brazilian distribution occurring Northeastern Argentina (Corrientes and Missiones), Southern (Cordillera, Itapúa, Paraguarí and San Pedro), Eastern (Amambay, Canindeyú) and Northeastern Paraguay (Alto Paraguay), at elevations between 0 to 1100 m ( Figure 20 ). Eugenia subterminalis is usually shrub or small tree, frequent in the understorey, mostly occurring in sloping Atlantic coastal forest and less often in lowland forest within Ombrophilous Dense Forest or Semideciduous Forest, sometimes reaching the shore in shrub vegetation on well-drained sandy soil (Restinga) in the Atlantic forest, or more inland in vegetation on sandy or basaltic soil in the Caatinga, or in gallery forest with calcarean outcrops within Semideciduous Forest in the Cerrado, and in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (with Araucaria ) in the Atlantic forest.

Phenology:— Flowers of Eugenia subterminalis have mainly been collected from August to December and fruiting from August to April ( Figure 6 ).

Conservation status:— Eugenia subterminalis is known from seven protected areas (APA Ilhas e Várzeas do Rio Paraná, ESEC de Itapeva, ESEC de Catetus, PARNA do Pau-Brasil, PARNA da Serra da Bodoquena, PES da Serra do Mar and RPPN Vera Cruz) and non-protected areas in well preserved and disturbed sites over a broad EOO of ca. 6,760,000 km ². Populations in the Central-West range of Brazil are mostly restricted to gallery forest and tend to be scarcer, at greater risk of local extinction as a result of decreased habitat quality and local or upriver deforestation, impacting river flow. Thus, it is suggested that this species should be rated as Least Concern (LC).

Comments:— Although Eugenia subterminalis is a distinctive species, it is sometimes confused with E. acutata but can be easily distinguished by the auxotelic inflorescence with flowers emerging from terminal and sub-terminal axils (vs. inflorescence with axes length highly variable) and persistent bracteoles (vs. deciduous before anthesis). Eugenia subterminalis can also be confused with E. lagoensis Kiaerskou (1893: 123) but can be distinguished by the leaves with midveins adaxially canaliculate (vs. raised). It was thought that Eugenia subterminalis might have disjunct populations in Campinara sandy soil forest in the Amazonian but these populations are in fact a separate species circumscribed as Eugenia berlynensis O. Berg (1856b: 468) (M. Sobral, pers. comm.), distinguished by flowers with free lobes and well-marked leaf venation. Similarly, collections from Peru, Ecuador and Colombia previously assigned to E. subterminalis likely correspond to at least two other species. This conclusion was based on available photographs of virtual herbaria (Species Link - https://specieslink.net/). The lectotypification and three synonyms reported here were based on examination of type material, except for Calycorectes paraguayensis , where neither holotype or isotypes were obtained for study. However, the protologue description and examination of the paratype (J.R. Mattos 14085) provided enough information to allow confident synonymizing. Berg (1857) noticed that Eugenia psidiiflora and E. mansoi were both cited under the collection Manso 36. Berg assigned no number to the type of Eugenia psidiiflora , likely to avoid further confusion and wrote ‘ Eugenia ? psidiiflora ’ to indicate a possible mixture of specimens. Examination of the material deposited in W (0075532) removed any doubt that it is Eugenia psidiiflora .

Representative specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Corrientes: Santo Tomé, 20 January 1947, fl., A. M. R . Huidobro 4291 ( W!) . Misiones: San Miguel, 13 February 1908, fl., K . Fiebrig 4926 ( P!, W!) . BRAZIL. Bahia: Cachoeira, November 1980, fl., C. P . Cavalo 912 ( ALCB!, CEPEC!); Itabuna , 23 September 1965, fl., R. P . Belém 1793 ( IAN!); Itamaraju , 3 November 1983, fl., C . Ricardo 1625 ( CEPEC!); Jacobina, s.d., fl., J. S . Blanchet 103 ( BM!); Porto Seguro , 11 July 1989, fr., G. L . Farias 295 ( CEN!, IBGE!, RB!); Salvador , 15 July 1993, fr., F . Lechat H204 ( P!); Santa Cruz da Cabrália , 22 March 1978, fl., S. A . Mori 9839 ( RB!) . Espírito Santo: Santa Leopoldina, 24 October 2007, fl., V . Demuner 4365 ( MBML!) . Goiás: Paraúna, 1 June 2013, fr., J. E. Q . Faria 3755 ( RB!, SP!, UB!) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Amambai, 15 October 1984, fl., G . Hatschbach 48490 ( G!, INPA!, MBM!); Corumbá , 31 October 1999, fl. and fr., A . Pott 8208 ( UB!); Naviraí , 21 October 1986, fr., U . Pastore 104 ( HRB!, RB!); Porto Murtinho , 15 March 2004, fl., G . Hatschbach 77221 ( G!, MBM!, UB!) . Minas Gerais: Joaquim Felício, 17 August 2007, fl., J. M . Silva 6010 ( ALCB!, MBM!, RB!); São Tome das Letras, 22 February 1999, fr., E. M . Nic Lughadha 214 ( ESA!, K!, RB!, SP!, SPF!); Uberlândia , 22 August 2003, fl. and fr., A. P . Milla 121 ( ESA!, SPF!) . Paraná: Guaíra, 4 September 1979, fl., E . Buttura 241 ( MBM!, SP!); Guarapuava , 18 October 1960, fl., G . Hatschbach 7383 ( MBM!); Jataizinho , 4 October 1996, fl. and fr., L. H . Soares-Silva 647 ( ESA!, RB!, UB!); Paraíso do Norte , 27 January 1982, fr., P. P . Furtado 130 ( HRB!, INPA!, RB!); Paranavaí , 17 August 1999, fl., G . Hatschbach 69267 ( ESA!, G!, MBM!, UB!); Santa Helena , 9 December 1977, fl., G . Hatschbach 40564 ( ESA!, HRB!, MBM!); Sapopema , 7 November 1991, fl., F . Chagas 1581 ( UB!), 9 March 2007, fl., F. C . Silva 1581 ( SPSF!); Tibagi , 21 October 1993, fl., G . Hatschbach 59690 ( G!, INPA!, UB!), 3 November 2003, fl., F. F . Mazine 980 ( ESA!, K!, MBM!); Vila Alta , December 1995, fr., S. R . Ziller 1077 ( ESA!, MBM!) . Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, 18 August 1989, fl., M . Peron 875 ( GUA!, K!, RB!); Teresópolis , 11 March 2005, fl., C. S . Prado 410 ( RB!, SPF!) . Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul, 24 November 1994, fl., G . Hatschbach 61325 ( ESA!, MBM!, SP!, SPSF!); Torres , 17 November 1992, fl., J. A . Jarenkow 2197 ( ESA!, MBM!); Veranópolis , 2 November 1984, fl., M . Silveira 1694 ( RB!), 2 November 1984, fl., N . Silveira 1694 ( R!, RB!) . Santa Catarina : Canoinhas, 8 November 2007, fr., A. L Gasper 917 ( MBM!); Itapoá , 11 January 1992, fr., R . Negrelle 14 ( MBM!); Paulo Lopes , 21 November 1973, fl., A . Bresolin 981 ( MBM!); Tangará , 6 October 2005, fl., G . Amaral 4 ( MBM!) . São Paulo: Atibaia, 29 November 1961, fl., J. R . Mattos 9528 ( SP!); Itanhém, 2005, fr., R . Cielo-Filho 408 ( SPSF!); Itapeva , 22 September 2009, fl., O. T . Aguiar 1282 ( SPSF!), 24 September 2009, fl., B . Baitello 2399 ( SPSF!); Marília, 8 October 1987, fr., Patricia 49 ( ESA!); Piracicaba , 13 November 2008, fl., F. F . Mazine 1086 ( K!), 13 November 2008, fl., F. F . Mazine 1088 ( K!); São Paulo, 5 December 1939, fr., A . Rodrigues 651 ( SPSF!); Teodoro Sampaio , 4 December 1986, fr., J. Y . Tamashiro 18855 ( ESA!, SP!, SPSF!) . PARAGUAY. Canindeyú: Cordillera de Mbaracayú , 30 October 1978, fr., L . Bernardi 18276 ( G!); Guazui , 16 December 1982, fr., J. F . Casas 957 ( G!) . Central: Aregua, 6 December 1986, fl. and fr., G . Schmeda 784 ( G!) . Cordillera: Altos, 9 October 1902, fl., K . Fiebrig 100 ( G!, K!, P!); Tobatí , 23 October 1987, fr., R . Degen 376 ( G!) . Itapúa: Isla Yacyretá, 25 October 2003, fl., M . Peña-Chocarro 1591 ( BM!) . Paraguarí: viam de Ybycuí ad La Colmena, 18 October 1978, fr., L . Bernardi 18109 ( BM!, G!, LE!, P!) . Tobatí: Cerro de Tobatí , 10 January 1951, fl., T . Rojas 14354 ( W!) .

Figures

FIGURE 6. Frequency distribution (n) of flowering (black-line triangle) and fruiting (grey-filled triangle) stages based on herbarium material of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus.

FIGURE 19. Eugenia subterminalis. A. Leaf branchlet with flowers. B. Inflorescence and flowers. C. Fruits. (A: M. Peron 875; B: G. Hatschbach 45214; C: A. Quinet 2303).

FIGURE 20. Distribution of Eugenia subterminalis.