Cistenides granulata ( Linnaeus, 1767 )

Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Verónica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, European Journal of Taxonomy 666 (666), pp. 1-32 : 12

Cistenides granulata ( Linnaeus, 1767)

Figs 1C , 2C , 3C , 4 C–D, 8 – 9

Sabella granulata Linnaeus, 1767: 1268 .

Pectinaria granulata – Hessle 1917: 77.

Pectinaria (Cistenides) granulata – Nilsson 1928: 28. — Pettibone 1954: 312, fig. 35i–k. — Holthe 1986: 24. — Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 482.

Material examined (23 specimens, 2.2% of total specimens identified, in three samples)

ICELAND – North and North East coast • 7 specs; BIOICE station 30, sample 2042; 65º49′56″ N, 14º32′94″ W; 24 Jul. 1991; 3.1ºC; salinity unknown; 105 m depth; sediment unknown; MNCN 16.01/17988 • 9 specs; BIOICE station 27, sample 2126; 66º59′51″ N, 18º49′82″ W; 8 Jul. 1992; 2.7ºC; 34.86 ppm; 208 m depth; sandy gravel and stones; IINH-40466 • 7 specs; BIOICE station 23, sample 3249; 65º50′34″ N, 12º01′27″ W; 14 Jul. 2001; 1.92ºC; 34.87 ppm; 192 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40467 .

Occurrence

From off northern and north-eastern coast of Iceland. Depth range: 105 to 208 m ( Fig. 1C ); bottom temperature range: 1.92 to 3.10°C ( Fig. 2C ). Water mass/es: MEIW.

Remarks

All diagnostic characters for this species – type locality: Northern Europe ( Holthe 1986) – as stated by Holthe (1986) are present in BIOICE material: shape and number of paleae and cephalic veil ( Figs 4C , 8A , 9A ), scaphal shape, anal lobe and anal papilla ( Fig. 8F ). Ventral uncini agree well with those present in the genus, not showing variations within uncinigers nor along the body both in large ( Fig. 8 B–E) and small ( Fig. 9 B–F) specimens; there is only one row of teeth becoming progressively smaller in size from the uncinus base (at the level of the subrostral process) towards the distal end. This lack of variation, which has been considered the typical pattern in the family, was only found in C. granulata among the four pectinariid species in BIOICE samples.

Figures

Fig. 1. Maps of Iceland showing distribution of the species of Pectinariidae found in BIOICE samples. A. Amphictene auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776). B. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866. C. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). D. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. The three main coastal sectors around Iceland are shown in A. The specimens photographed and studied under SEM are indicated with green and red arrowheads, respectively. Abbreviations: H = Höfn; NWF = North-western fjords; RP = Reykjanes Peninsula.

Fig. 2. Temperature vs depth data of the BIOICE samples where specimens of Pectinariidae were found. A. Amphictene auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776). B. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866. C. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). D. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. Specimens studied under SEM are indicated with black arrows and sample numbers.

Fig. 3. Biometric features of the Pectinariidae specimens in BIOICE samples. A. Amphictene auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776). B. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866. C. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). D. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. Specimens studied under SEM are indicated with black arrows and sample numbers.

Fig. 4. Stereomicrographs of anterior body ends (dorsal view) and anterior end of the tube. A–B. Amphictene auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776) (BIOICE sample 2946, IINH-40181). C–D. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) (sample 2126, IINH-40466). E–H. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866 (E–F: sample 3252, IINH-40477; G–H: sample 2060, IINH-40471). I–L. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 (I–J: sample 2557; K–L: sample 2827, IINH-40485).

Fig. 8. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). SEM micrographs from two large specimens (BIOICE sample 3249, IINH-40467). A. Anterior end, right lateral view. B–C. Unciniger 1, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively. D. Unciniger 6, ventral uncini. E. Unciniger 12, dorsal uncini. F. Scaphe, posterodorsal view (framed: scaphal hooks, detail).

Fig. 9. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). SEM micrographs from a small specimen (BIOICE sample 3249, IINH-40467). A. Anterior end, ventral view. B–C. Unciniger 1, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively. D–E. Unciniger 7, dorsal and median uncini, respectively. F. Unciniger 12, dorsal uncini.