Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902

Shamshev, I. V., 2023, Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae), Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3), pp. 330-355 : 334-338

Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902

Figs 8–12.

Empis caeligena Melander, 1902: 314 (♂ and ♀), fig. 107. Type locality: USA, Alabama.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. USA. Alabama: Mibile Co ., MT Bellefontaine (Site 7), 30.35N 88.11W, 23.ii.2004, E. Benton leg. (3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, CNC).

DIAGNOSIS. Mid-sized species (body about 5.5 mm); antenna with postpedicel long, nearly 5X longer than basal width; palpus yellow; mesoscutum with 4 dark, brown vittae, acrostichal setae absent; legs extensively yellow, hind tibia with long fine setae dorsally. Male: eyes nearly holoptic; hind tibia clavate; abdomen entirely, densely, silvery grey pruinose.

DESCRIPTION. Body length about 5.5 mm, wing 5.3–5.6 mm. Male (Fig. 8). Head capsule regions densely greyish pruinose, only lower margin of face and upper margin of clypeus shiny; head setation black. Eyes almost touching on frons, upper ommatidia slightly enlarged. Frons very narrow in middle part (narrower than anterior ocellus), small subtriangular space just below ocellar triangle and larger space above antennae; with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae undifferentiated; ocellar triangle with several equally long, fine setae. Occiput with long, fine setae (including postoculars); postgena with long hair-like setae. Antenna with scape and pedicel light brown, postpedicel and stylus black; scape nearly 2X longer than subglobular pedicel; scape with longer setulae than pedicel; postpedicel long (nearly 5X as long as basal width), with straight margins, base slightly broader than pedicel; stylus very short, slightly shorter than postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum mostly yellowish, usually brownish yellow near base; only slightly longer than eye height; palpus short, yellow; with long, fine, black setae.

Thorax almost entirely black in ground-colour, postalar tubercle yellowish translucent; mostly densely greyish pruinose; mesoscutum with 4 dark brown vittae (dorsal view) (Fig. 9); thoracic setation black. Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with tuft of numerous long, fine setae on lower part, bare on upper part. Antepronotum with 6–7 short, strong setae dorsally and 4–5 longer, finer setae laterally on each side. Postpronotal lobe only with fine setulae of different lengths. Mesonotal setae: acrostichals absent; presutural dorsocentrals long, fine, arranged in 1–2 irregular rows, postsutural dorsocentrals longer, irregularly 2–3-serial along prescutellar depression, 2–3 setae closer to scutellum longest and strongest; 1 presutural supra-alar, 3 notopleurals, 1–2 postsutural supra-alar(s), 1 long and 1 minute postalars, 8–10 scutellars (4 setae usually stronger); in addition, fine setae along entire supra-alar face and several similar setae on anterior part of notopleuron. Laterotergite with numerous setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale yellow.

Legs with coxae greyish pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny; black setose. Legs colour: coxae and trochanters brownish, coxae somewhat yellow translucent apically; fore femur rather brownish yellow on about basal 2/3 dorsally, otherwise femora yellow; tibiae almost entirely yellow, slightly

Figs 8–10. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902 , habitus: 8 — male, lateral view; 9 — male, dorsal view; 10 — female, lateral view. Scale bar is 1 mm.

Рис. 8–10. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902 , габитус: 8 — самец, вид сбоку; 9 — самец, вид сверху; 10 — самка, вид сбоку. Масштаб 1 мм.

336 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus

Figs 11, 12. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902 , male: 11 — postabdomen, lateral view; 12 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted). Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; T — tergite; S — sternite.

Рис. 11, 12. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902 , самец: 11 — постабдомен, вид сбоку; 12 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не укаЗаны). СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; T — тергит; S — стернит.

darkened on extreme apex; tarsi brown. Coxae and trochanters with simple setae. Fore femur with short, fine anteroventral and long, stronger posteroventral setae. Fore tibia with long, stronger anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae (longest setae nearly 2X longer than tibia width), covered with fine shorter setae posteriorly. Fore basitarsus slightly thickened but not broader than fore tibia on apex, with long fine setae dorsally and dense setulae ventrally; remaining tarsomeres with shorter,finesetaedorsallyMidfemurclothedinlonger,somewhat outstanding setulae dorsally and anteriorly closer to base; with rows of moderately long, strong anteroventral and longer, finer antero-anteroventral setae; numerous, short, spinule-like ventral setae on about basal half; almost complete row of short, spine-like, posteroventral setae becoming longer and finer near extreme base. Mid tibia with numerous very long setae of different robustness anteroventrally and posteroventrally; almost double row of short, spine-like ventral setae on about apical half. Mid basitarsus slender, shorter than fore and hind basitarsi, with strong setae ventrally; dorsal setation as in fore tarsus. Hind femur slender; with row of long anterodorsal setae on about basal half; covered with mostly short, fine setae anteroventrally and ventrally, bearing row of 5–6 strong, moderately long, anteroventral setae closer to apex. Hind tibia clavate (anterior view) and somewhat curved (dorsal view), its subapical portion slightly broader than hind femur on middle; covered with fine outstanding setae longer dorsally (longest dorsal setae nearly 1.5X longer than hind tibia width on subapical portion); moderately long seta in posteroapical comb. Hind basitarsus slightly thickened but narrower than hind tibia on apex, nearly as long as fore basitarsus; clothed in long fine setae, stronger setae ventrally; remaining tarsomeres with longer fine setae dorsally.

Wing membrane faintly brownish infuscate; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins mostly brownish, brownish yellow near base. Veins R 5 and M 1 almost parallel toward wing margin; CuA+CuP (anal vein) complete. Cell dm short, with strongly elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 2.3–2.5X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish. One long basal costal seta (rarely 2). Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, dark fringed. Halter pale yellow.

Abdomen brown in ground colour, black setose, entirely densely silvery grey pruinose; tergites 2–4 with scattered setulae dorsally and numerous long fine setae laterally (shorter on tergite 4); sternites 1–4 and 8 with long fine setae. Postabdomen (Fig. 11): segments 5–8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 somewhat bent downwards, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body axis. Tergite 5 with somewhat concave lateral margin posteriorly and slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 5 gently rounded medially, bearing minute setulae and two short, digitiform posterior projections. Tergite 6 asymmetrical; slightly narrower than tergite 5, with rather large, rounded antero-lateral tubercle and small posteromarginal lateral projection. Sternite 6 invisible in situ, strongly reduced, represented by small, strongly sclerotised, bare, median sclerite anteriorly (rounded anteriorly and digitiform posteriorly, partly hidden by sternite 5). Tergite 7 slightly asymmetrical; narrower and 2–2.5X shorter than tergite 6, with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation. Sternite 7 asymmetrical, with scattered setulae laterally; divided by broad membranous space into two portions narrowly connected laterally; anterior portion (mostly invisible in situ) asymmetrical, strongly sclerotised, deflected downwards, including two small separated anterior sclerites and larger posterior sclerite of complicated structure; posterior portion represented by small, weakly sclerotised, lateral sclerite. Segment 8 nearly funnel-like, with entirely separated tergite and sternite; tergite 8 long, nearly as long as tergite 7, undivided, somewhat concave anteriorly, gently rounded posteriorly; sternite 8 rather trapezoid in lateral Empis / browni / Curran (CNC). Paratypes: Que. 1929; Little view, slightly longer than tergite 8, with simple structure and Mecatina Is, 6.VII; W.G. Brown // Paratype, Empis browni vestiture. Curr., No. 3408 [yellow] // Paratype, Empis browni Curran ♂ Terminalia (Figs 11, 12) moderately large; epandrial lamella (1 ♂, CNC); same data as holotype; Allotype, Empis browni brownish anteriorly and yellowish posteriorly, faintly pruinose; Curran, No 3408 [red] // Type Empis browni Curran ♀ (1 ♀, cercus mostly brownish yellow, somewhat brownish posteriorly, CNC). covered with dark setulae; hypandrium brown, faintly pruinose, Empis fumida : Kukak Bay, Alaska, July 4 ’99 Harriman with black setae. Epandrium entirely divided (epandrial bridge Expedition ’99 T. Kincaid, Collector // [red label] Paratype No. absent); epandrial lamella subtriangular (Fig. 12), apex rounded; 5211 U.S.N.M. (1 ♂, OUMNH); same data // [hand-written with moderately long black setae more numerous along lower label] Empis fumida Coq. (1 ♀, OUMNH). margin. Hypandrium separated from epandrium; entirely ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA. sclerotised; very prolonged and deeply concave posteriorly British Columbia: Mt. Revelstoke [Mount Revelstoke forming two subtriangular, pointed lobes almost reaching apex of National Park, 51°05′N 118°03′W], 6000 ft, 31.vii.1952, phallus; bearing numerous setae near base; gonocoxal apodeme G.J. Spencer (3 ♂♂); same locality and collector, 28.vii.1952 small. Subepandrial sclerite undivided. Cerci separated with (2 ♂♂), 17.vii.1952 (1 ♂), 26.vii.1952 (6 ♂♂), 30.vii.1952 each other and from epandrium; cercus small, subrectangular (2 ♂♂), 12.viii.1952 (1 ♂); same locality, 12.viii.1923, (lateral view), posterior margin far before apex of epandrial P.N. Vroom (1 ♂); same locality, 27.vii.1952, G.P. Holland lamella; undivided, with smoothed inner margin; covered with (1 ♂); Mt. Harry, 6200 ft, Mount Revelstoke National Park, simple dark setulae, bearing scattered erect setulae on inner 11.viii.1952, G.J. Spencer (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀); Eva Lake trail, surface. Hypoproct membraneous, bare. Phallus entirely hidden, 6000 ft, Mount Revelstoke National Park, 31.vii.1952, moderately long; gently arched; thick near basal curvature G.J. Spencer (2 ♂♂); same locality and collector, 6.viii.1952 (lateral view), becoming gradually slenderer towards apex, short (1 ♀), 29.vii.1952 (1 ♀); same locality, 29.vii.1952, apical portion very slender; with spinules before apical slender G.P. Holland (2 ♂♂); Miller–Eva Lake trail, 6300 ft, Mount portion. Ejaculatory apodeme moderately large, extended far Revelstoke National Park, 13.vii.1952, G.J. Spencer (1 ♂); beyond basal curvature of phallus, without lateral wings. Lisadele Lake, 58°41′N, 133°04′W, 4000 ft, marshy meadow, Female (Fig. 10). Similar to male except as follows. Eyes 10.viii.1960, W.W. Moss (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀); same locality and dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons broad, nearly as collector, 6.viii.1960 (3 ♂♂), 7.viii.1960 (1 ♂), 8.viii.1960 broad as face below antennae, almost parallel-sided. Ocellar (1 ♂); same locality, 11.viii.1960, R. Pilfrey (1 ♂); Moosehorn setae differentiated, fine, moderately long. Occiput with Lake, 58°10′N, 132°07′W, 4500 ft, on flowers of Heracleum somewhat sparser and stronger setae. Prothoracic sclerites lanatum, 29.vii.1960, R. Pilfrey (3 ♂♂); same locality and with shorter setae. Mesonotum with shorter dorsocentral setae; collector, wet grass and flower meadow, 25.vii.1960 (1 ♂), 4–6 scutellars. Legs somewhat paler, generally with shorter, 22.vii.1960 (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀), 1.viii.1960 (1 ♂), Potentilla meadow, simple setation; fore coxa almost entirely yellow, mid and hind 29.vii.1960 (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Squamish [49°42′N 123°09′W], coxae yellow on about apical half; all basitarsi mostly yellow. Diamond Head Trail, 4600 ft., 10.viii.1953, W.R.M. Mason Fore femur with subequally short, fine anteroventral and (1 ♂); same locality and collector, 11.viii.1953 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), posteroventral setae. Fore basitarsus slender. Mid femur with 25.viii.1953 (1 ♀); Mt. Thornhill [54°29′N 128°26′W], almost complete rows of short spine-like anteroventral and near Terrace, on alpine tundra, 4300–5300', 26.vii.1960, B. posteroventral setae (absent near base). Mid tibia with about Heming (1 ♂, 12 ♀♀); same locality and collector, 29.vii.1960 twice shorter setae dorsally; hind tibia slender and straight. (3 ♂♂), 8.viii.1960 (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀), 20.vii.1960 (1♀); same locality, Hind basitarsus slender. Abdominal segments 1–6 paler in 26.vii.1960, C.H. Mann (1 ♂); same locality, 29.vii.1960, ground colour, rather yellowish brown translucent, light grey W.R. Richards (1 ♂); Mt. Allard [49°32′N 121°24′W], 23 pruinose, segments 7 and 8 somewhat darker, brownish; mi. N of Terrace, 3500 ft., treeline open clearings in hemlock covered with short setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, with fir, 28.vi.1960, J.G. Chillcott (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Summit Lake scattered minute setulae. [54°15′N 122°38′W], Mi 392 Alaska Hwy, 4500 ft, 1.vii.1959,

DISTRIBUTION. USA (Alabama). R. E. Leech (1 ♀). Newfoundland and Labrador: Cartwright

[53°42′N 57°01′W], 11.vii.1955, E.E. Sterns (1 ♂). Empis (Anacrostichus) lucida Zetterstedt, 1838 Northwest Territories: Salmita Mines , 64°05′N 111°15′W ,

Fig. 13. 1.vii.1953, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♂). Quebec: Port Harrison

[now Inukjuak, 58°27′N 78°06′W], 18.vii.1949, P.J. Lachaine Empis lucida Zetterstedt, 1838: 561 . Type locality (by lectotype (1 ♂); Knob Lake, 54°47′N – 66°47′W, 16.vii.1948, E.G.Munroe designation): Sweden, Jukkasjärvi [Chvála, 1994: 51]. (1 ♂); Mt. Albert [48°55′N 66°11′W], 1.vii.1954, G.P. Holland Empis laevigata Loew, 1864: 75 (♂) [Cent. 5, no. 49]. Type (1 ♂); Great Whale River [55°15′N 77°47′W], 18.vii.1949, locality: USA, New Hampshire. syn.n. J.R. Vockeroth (1 ♂). Yukon: La Force L., 132°20′N, 62°41′W, Empis fumida Coquillett, 1900: 409 (♂ and ♀) (1904: 23). Type 3300 ft., 5.vii.1960, J.E.H. Martin (1 ♂); same locality and locality: USA, Alaska. collector, 10.vii.1960 (1 ♀); Otter Lake, 130°25′N, 62°30'W, Empis browni Curran, 1931: 93 (♂ and ♀). Type locality: Canada, 4000 ft, 15.vii.60, J.E.H. Martin, IDEMA illustration (1 Quebec, Harrington Harbor. ♂, terminalia dissected and attached in microvial). USA. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Empis laevigata : This Alaska: Nome [64°30′N 165°24′W], 15.vi.1951, D.P. species is known by the holotype (male) only. The photos of Whillans (1 ♂); Unalakleet [63°52′N 160°47′W], 20.vi.1960, its labels and habitus are available on the site of the Museum B.S. Heming (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀); Torquoise Lake, 60°48′N 154°W, of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, USA: https://mczbase. vi–vii.1997, P.S. Tomkovich (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, ZMMU). New mcz.harvard.edu/name/ Empis+laevigata . The specimen is in Hampshire: Mt. Washington [44°16′N 71°18′W], 17.vii.1929, very good condition to be correctly recognised. G.S. Walley (1 ♂). Empis browni : Holotype, ♂ labelled: Harrington Harb. / REMARKS. Empis lucida was redescribed by Collin Que. [= Quebec, Canada] 2.VIII 1929 / W.J. Brown // Holotype [1961: 489] and Chvála [1994: 50]. Main differences of this / Empis / browni / Curran / CNC number 3408 [red] // Type / species from other North American species of Anacrostichus 338 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus

Fig. 13. Empis (Anacrostichus) lucida Zetterstedt, 1838 , male, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar is 1 mm.

Рис. 13. Empis (Anacrostichus) lucida Zetterstedt, 1838 , самец, габитус, вид сбоку. Масштаб 1 мм.

are indicated in the key. Empis fumida and E. browni were synonymised by Shamshev [2016]. As E. browni , E. lucida was illustrated in Manual of Nearctic Diptera [Steyskal, Knutson, 1981: 607, fig. 47.1; 629, fig. 47.52] and Manual of Central American Diptera [Cumming, Sinclair, 2009: 653, fig. 48.1].

This species is somewhat variable by some characters. For example, the mesoscutal shiny vittae sometimes are coalescent posteriorly, the frons of the female varies from mostly shiny (usual condition) to entirely pruinose.

DISTRIBUTION.Holarctic. Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Quebec, Yukon). USA (Alaska, New Hampshire). Empis lucida is a widespread transcontinental species both in Eurasia and in North America. In North America , this species is distributed primarily across the low arctic but also was recorded in some boreal regions (often higher in mountains) .