Sanogasta pehuenche, RAMÍREZ, 2003

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 175-178

Sanogasta pehuenche , new species Figure 92

TYPES: Male holotype and female paratype from Argentina, Neuquén province, Lanín Natl. Park, Lago Curruhé Chico, ca. 39°54̍S, 71°21̍W, 15–16.I.1983, E. Maury, deposited in MACN­Ar 9817.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to the pehuenches, who live in the land of pehuenes ( Araucaria araucana ), where this species is found.

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles S. approximata in having short, thick copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by having the epigynal anterior pouch with longer borders, no sclerotized areas flanking the epigyne, and a paramedian apophysis forming a short hook.

FEMALE (paratype): Total length 7.60. Carapace length 3.72, width 2.57, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.10/ 1.87 (left smaller, regenerated); II, 2.00/1.90; III, 1.63/1.83; IV, 2.30/2.70. Palpal tarsus length 1.00. Chelicerae unmodified, with two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 1.87, width 1.40. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap; tibia v 2–2­ p1; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1–2, r d1; tibia v r1–2– 2 or 0–2–2, p 0–1; metatarsus = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; patella r 1; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r d1–1, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r 1; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 0­ 1, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Abdomen length 4.39, width 2.23, spiracle– epigastrium 1.70, spiracle–spinnerets 0.63. Color: carapace grayish, with dark dorsal pattern. Legs pale grayish with dark spots. Endites brown, labium dark brown. Sternum with dark brown spots at margins, center pale. Abdomen with dense, dark dorsal pattern, venter pale, with median band of small spots, a few dots at sides. Epigyne (fig. 92C, D): anterior pouch close to epigastric furrow. Insertions of epigastric muscles superficial. Copulatory ducts short, thick. Ducts of accessory bulbs very short, oriented forward.

MALE (holotype): Total length 6.38. Carapace length 2.90, width 2.23. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.53/2.30; II, 2.67/2.23; III, 1.73/1.93; IV, 2.10/2.37. Chelicerae slightly narrower than those of female. Sternum length 3.07, width 2.33. Spines as in female, except: leg I, tibia v 2–2­ r1 or 2–2–0. II, tibia p 0; metatarsus p d1–0. III, metatarsus v 2–2–2. Abdomen length 3.72, width 2.00, spiracle–epigastrium 1.60, spiracle–spinnerets 0.70. Color as in female, but dorsum of abdomen yellow with dark brownish pattern. Palp (fig. 92A, B): tibia long, width/length 0.55. Tegular notch short. Embolus short, not associated with canal on conductor, with basal process small, superficial. Apex of paramedian apophysis short, hook­shaped. Secondary conductor small, not fused to anterior margin of tegulum, with canal reduced; retrolateral portion concave, posteriorly elevat­ ed. Anterior margin of tegulum compressed over base of secondary conductor.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Neuquén and Concepción, probably with wider distribution.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Neuquén: San Martín de los Andes, Cerro Chapelco , 1700 m, II.1961, M. Galiano, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Lanín Natl. Park , same data as types, 2♀, 1♀ penultimate, 2 immatures ( MACN­Ar) ; Lago Moquehue , 10.I.1985, E. Maury, 2♀ 1 immature ( MACN­Ar) ; Lago Quillén , II.1968, E. Maury, Müller 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) . CHILE: Región VIII (Biobío): Concepción: Hualqui , 18.XII.1988, R. Vergara, 1♀ ( AMNH) .

PHILISCA SIMON

Table 23

Philisca Simon, 1884: 129 (type species by monotypy Philisca hahni Simon, 1884 ), 1887: E21, 1897 a: 77–78, 82, 84, 86, 1903a: 1031. Transferred from the Miturgidae by Ramírez, 1995a: 381.

Liparotoma Simon, 1884: 130 , 137 (type species Liparotoma hyadesi Simon, 1884 , subsequently designated by Simon, 1897a: 100). Ramírez, 1993: 196. Revised by Ramírez, 1993. NEW SYNONYMY.

SYNONYMY: Some years after the proposal of Cluilius, Simon (1904) considered it a section of Philisca (1904: 98). Unfortunately, Simon designated two type species for the genus Cluilius : ‘‘ Clubiona elegans Nicolet’’ and Clubiona chilensis Nicolet. Clubiona elegans is a nomen nudum that Simon made referring to some specimens labeled by Nicolet as ‘‘ C. elegans ’’ ( Simon, 1903a: 1031). The type of Clubiona chilensis Nicolet is an Amaurobioides . I have not found any specimen labeled ‘‘ C. elegans ’’ or ‘‘ Cluilius chilensis ’’ in MHNP. Simon had not seen specimens of Amaurobioides (‘‘a Clubiona differt, sec. Cambridge... ’’ [ Simon, 1897a: 89]; I have not found any Amaurobioides in Simon’s collection, except the type of C. chilensis ). However, it seems evident that Simon would have been able to distinguish between Amaurobioides and Philisca , because the type of Clubiona chilensis Nicolet has a label (probably transcribed by Berland) ‘‘ Axyracrus chilensis Nicolet , (sub Clubiona ), Simon det.’’. If this label is correct, at some point Simon thought that C. chilensis was not a Philisca , but an Axyracrus , a genus very similar to Amaurobioides .

In tune with the tradition, Mello­Leitão (1951) described a homonym Cluilius chilen­

TABLE 23 Synapomorphies of Philisca and Internal Clades sis, which belongs to the genus Philisca , and I will retain the name Philisca chilensis until a revision of the genus is completed.

Liparotoma hyadesi , the type species of Liparotoma , is here considered a member of Philisca . The names Philisca and Liparotoma were published in the same paper ( Simon, 1884). I decided to use the name Philisca , where most species of this group were described. Liparotoma comprises four species of a derivative group, which may constitute a subgenus in the future.

NOTE: Philisca puconensis is provisionally included in Philisca by the thin branches of the median apophysis. In slightly suboptimal trees it jumps to the base of Tomopisthes .

DIAGNOSIS: Most species are distinguished from other Gayennini by having thin branches on the median apophysis. Similar branches are also found in Tasata centralis , but that species is easily distinguished by having five retrolateral cheliceral denticles, instead of the three ones in Philisca . Philisca ornata lacks those branches, but shares with other Philisca the modified male chelicerae. P. tripunctata also lacks branches, but shares with several Philisca a reduced spination of first and second tibiae and metatarsi.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace wide in front, chelicerae strong; males with chelicerae similar to or larger than those of females; three teeth on promargin, one to three on retromargin. Male palpal tibia relatively long, usually two or more times longer than wide. Cymbium relatively small, narrow. Embolus with tip relatively thick, not associated with secondary conductor. Median apophysis generally with one to several thin basal or medial branches. Paramedian apophysis simple, thick, elongate. Primary conductor present, simple. Secondary conductor with several projections, well separated from anterior margin of tegulum by membranous band wider on prolateral side; canal vestigial or absent. Epigyne with anterior pouch deep or widened, several species with median field heart­shaped.

DISTRIBUTION: Forests in southern Chile and Argentina.

COMPOSITION: In addition to the species detailed below: Philisca accentifera Simon, 1904 (female and immature syntypes in MHNP 22413, examined), Philisca ingens Berland, 1924 (female holotype in NRS 817, and female paratype in MHNP, examined), Cluilius chilensis Mello­Leitão, 1951 (male and female syntypes, in MNRJ, examined), Clubiona gayi Nicolet, 1849 (several males and females syntypes, in MHNP 4226, examined, new combination), and few bizarre undescribed species on the Juan Fernández Islands.

Philisca hahni Simon

Figures 93A, B , 94 , 95 , 96A Philisca hahni Simon, 1884: 129 (female holotype from Chile, Cabo de Hornos, in MHNP

6679, examined), 1887: E21, 1897 a: 78, 82, 86,

1902: 29.

Figures

Fig. 92. Sanogasta pehuenche, n. sp. (holotype and paratype). A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, cleared. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 93. Philisca spp., male copulatory bulbs. A, B. P. hahni Simon (Cautín, Pucón). A. Apical view. B. Detail of median apophysis and primary conductor, retrolateral view. C–E. P. huapi, n. sp. (Neuquén, Ortiz Basualdo). C. Retrolateral view. D. Secondary conductor, apical view. E. Apical view. F. P. hyadesi (Simon), apical view (Aisén: Ventisquero San Rafael). (C1 = primary conductor; C2 = secondary conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 94. Philisca hahni Simon. A. Male (Pucón, Cautín). B. Female carapace, dorsal view (holotype of Philisca navarinensis). C. Same, anterior view. D. Epigyne, ventral view (holoype). E. Same, cleared: arrow points to anterior pouch on median field. Scale bars = A–C, 1 mm; D, E, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 95. Philisca hahni Simon, male palp and copulatory bulb. A. Ventral view. B. Apical view. C. Retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 96. Chelicerae, ventral view. A. Philisca hahni Simon, female (holotype of Philisca navarinensis). B. Philisca ornata Berland, male syntype. Scale bar = 1 mm.