Closterocerus flavicinctus De Santis

Hansson, Christer, 2022, Eulophidae Of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 4 The Genus Closterocerus Westwood S. Str., Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 1 (1), pp. 1-137 : 49-51

Closterocerus flavicinctus De Santis

( Figs 4 , 99–103 )

Closterocerus flavicinctus De Santis, 1983:12 . Holotype female, type locality: Brazil, Sao Paulo, Jaboticabal, in a private collection (Dr. Gravena, Brazil), not examined. The holotype has not been located but the detailed original description by De Santis, including illustrations, is sufficient to identify it.

Diagnosis. Female: antenna slightly flattened, scape relatively narrow and widest close to apex, dark brown except F4 that is yellowish-white, infuscate or pale brown ( Fig. 100 ), i.e. paler than remaining flagellomeres; ocelli small, ratio POL/posterior ocellus width = 1.8 ( Fig. 101 ); pronotal collar without a carina along anterior margin ( Fig. 99 ); midlobe of mesoscutum with three pairs of setae ( Fig. 99 ); midlobe of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with strong reticulation and with same colour (metallic blue, bluish-purple to purple) ( Fig. 99 ); fore wing hyaline with area below stigmal vein and along apical margin infuscate ( Figs 4 , 99 ). Male: antennal flagellum narrow, not flattened, F1 dark brown and F2–F5 orange-brown to pale brown ( Fig. 103 ), i.e. with F1 darker than F2–5; length of body female 0.6–1.3mm, male 0.6–0.9mm.

Redescription based on material accounted for below. Length of body: 0.6–1.3mm.

Antenna dark brown with F4 yellowish-white, infuscate to pale brown. Frons black with metallic green tinges. Vertex black with metallic green tinges in anterior one-half, posterior one-half metallic bluish-purple, or completely metallic purple. Mesoscutum golden-green, metallic bluish-purple, purple or blue, midlobe and sidelobes usually with different colour. Mesoscutellum golden-green, metallic bluish-purple, purple or blue. Dorsellum black with metallic tinges, or metallic purple. Propodeum golden-purple or metallic purple. Legs with coxae dark brown; fore and mid femora infuscate to dark brown - usually dark brown, hind femur dark brown; fore and mid tibiae white with base dark brown, hind tibia dark brown; fore tarsus infuscate, mid and hind tarsi white. Fore wing hyaline with area below stigmal vein and along apical margin infuscate; hind wing hyaline. Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown with metallic purple or blue tinges.

Antenna slightly flattened, scape relatively narrow and widest close to apex. Frons and vertex with strong reticulation. Frontofacial suture V-shaped. Subtorular sutures present. Occipital margin rounded.

Pronotal collar without a carina along anterior margin. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with strong reticulation, reticulation slightly weaker on mesoscutellum; notauli distinct in anterior two-thirds; midlobe of mesoscutum with three pairs of weak setae. Dorsellum convex with very weak sculpture. Propodeum smooth; callus with two setae. Fore wing speculum closed; with a stigmal hairline and with radial cell bare.

Petiole very short, just a narrow band. Gaster short ovate; tergites smooth and shiny.

Relative measurements (from a specimen from Costa Rica, body length 1.1 mm): head length dorsal 16; head length frontal 21.5; head width 31; POL 5.5; OOL 2.5; lateral ocellus maximum width 3; eye length 17; malar space 4; mouth width 8.5; mesosoma length 35; mesosoma width 28; mesoscutellum length 15; mesoscutellum width 16.5; fore wing length 50; fore wing width 32; marginal vein length 25; postmarginal vein length 2; stigmal vein length 5; fore wing marginal fringe length 3; gaster length 33; gaster width 26.

Male ( Figs 102, 103 ). Length of body 0.6–0.9mm. Scape, pedicel and F1 dark brown, F2–5 orange-brown to pale brown. Vertex metallic bluish-purple to blue. Mesoscutum with midlobe golden-green, golden-red or golden, sidelobes metallic bluish-purple, purple or golden-green. Mesoscutellum golden-green, golden-red or golden. Dorsellum metallic purple. Propodeum metallic bluish-green. Fore wing narrow with long marginal fringe.

Hosts. The coffee leaf-miner ( Leucoptera coffeella Guérin-Meneville ) ( Lepidoptera : Lyonetiidae ) ( De Santis 1983). New records: the citrus leaf-miner ( Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton ) ( Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae ) ( USA), unidentified Lepidoptera leafminer on Cecropia polyphlebia ( Cecropiaceae ) ( Costa Rica), unidentified Gracillariidae on Canavalia maritima (Leguminosae) ( Honduras), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard ( Diptera : Agromyzidae ) ( Honduras), Pachyscelus nigricollis ( Coleoptera : Buprestidae ) on Cecropia insignis ( Costa Rica), Pachyscelus sp. on Terminalia catappa ( Costa Rica).

Distribution. Brazil ( De Santis 1983). New records: Argentina, Bahamas, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, St Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, USA (Florida), Virgin Islands.

Material examined.

Non-type material ( CNC, MZLU, MZUCR, NHMUK, TAMU). ARGENTINA: 1♀, S de Estero, 5km NE Los Telares, 23-24.xi.1979 (C&M Vardy). BAHAMAS: 2♀, Run Key, pan trap, v.1993 (B. Bowen). COLOMBIA: 1♀, Magdalena, PNN Tayrona, Zaino, 11°20’N, 74°02’W, 50m, 28.vi-17.vii.2000 (R. Henriquez). COSTA RICA: 33♀ 44♂, Alajuela, P.N. Arenal, 10°28’N, 84°45’W, 617m, 21-28.ii.2005 (C. Hansson); 8♀ 6♂, Alajuela, P.N. Arenal, La Peninsula, 10°27’N, 84°45’W, 600m, 25.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 2♀, Alajuela, P.N. Arenal, Sendero Ceibo, 10°27’N, 84°44’W, 620m, 22-23.ii.2016, (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, Alajuela, P.N.Arenal, 10°28’N, 84°45’W, 617m, 21-28.ii.2005 (C. Hansson); 1♀, Alajuela, P.N. Arenal, Sendero Pilón, 10°27’N, 84°43’W, 600m, 26.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 15.iii-5.iv.2001; 1♀, Alajuela, Est. Pilón, 10°43’N, 85°59’W, 700m, 12-18.ii.2004, (C. Hansson & J.A.Azofeifa); 2♂, Alajuela, R.F. Rincón, Est. Caribe, 10°53’N, 83°18’W, 19-20.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, Alajuela, N slope Volcan Cacao, 650m, 17.iii.1986 (C. Hansson); 1♀, Alajuela, Est. Caño Negro, LN319062_450083, 0-100m, 4.ix.2005 (M. Moraga, J. Azofeifa,Y. Cárdenas); 1♀, Cartago, Paraiso, P.N. Tapantí-Macizo de la Muerte, Torre #31, LN561800_188500, 9.vii-10.viii.2000 (D. Rubí); 2♀, Cartago, Rio Chitaria, NE de Jabillos, 750m, 28.iv.1988 (P. Hanson); 3♀, Guanacaste, P.N. Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, LN385020_260952, 10-18.viii.2000 (I. Jiménez); following from same locality as previous but collected 13-20.ix.2000 (2♀), 11-21.x.2000 (3♀), 13-20.xi.2000 (1♀); 2♀ ♂, Guanacaste, R.F. Monte Alto, Cerro Romo, LN220700_ 382545, 883m, 27-29.x.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1♀, Guanacaste, P.N. Bosque Diriá, Retallano, alrededores Torre Control de Incendio, LN238550_358650, 600- 700m, 16.xii.2001 - 16.i.2002 (I. Jiménez); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 14-15.ii.2011; 1♀. Guanacaste, Los Pailas, LN389145_306004, 1080m, 27.i-1.ii.2001 (P.N. Thomas & C. Moraga); 1♀, Guanacaste, Est. Cacao ( ACG), 1100m, 23-24.ii.2001 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, P.N. Marino Las Baulas, LN258040_332690, 0m, 16.viii.2000 (Y. Cárdenas); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 14.xii.2000; 4♀, Guanacaste, Cañas, Rio Chiquito, LN292500_ 417000, 410m, 25.vii.2003 (J. Azofeifa); 1♀, Guanacaste, Volcán Cacao, Cerro Pedregal, 1000m, ii-iv.1989 (I. Gauld); 1♀, Guanacaste, P.N. Santa Rosa, 300m, 18.x-8.xi.1986 (D.H. Janzen & I.D. Gauld); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 4-25. iv.1987; 122♀ 13♂, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio-Parque, iii.2002 (J.S. Noyes & J.A. Azofeifa); following from same locality as previous but collected ii-iii.2000 (2♀), 6.xi-6.xii.2000 (1♀), 19.ii.2001 (1♀), 22.v-27. vi.2001 (1♂), 1-12.iv.2002 (1♂), 11-25.ii.2006 (2♀ 4♂), 13.ii.2016 (1♀); 4♀ 1♂, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, LN264463_532850, 100-200m, 30-31.ii.2002 (J.A. Azofeifa); 2♀ from same locality as previous but collected 27.iii.1988; 1♀, Heredia, 16km SSE La Virgen, 10°16’N, 84°05’W, 1050-1150m, 9-29.iii.2001, 11/M/NOTN, INBio-OET-ALAS intersect; 1♀, Heredia, Chilamate, 75m, 4.ii.1989 (Hanson & Godoy); 4♀ 1♂, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Sendero Casa Coca, 9°02’N, 83°00’W, 1450-1700m, 7.ii-5.ii.2002, (C. Hansson & parataxonomos); 4♀, Puntarenas, Isla San Lucas, Playa El Coco, LN214450_437850, 0-10m, 9.iii.2005 (J. Azofeifa); 1♀, Puntarenas, P.N. Carara, 9°46’N, 84°57’W, 41m, 1-7.iii.2005 (C. Hansson); 1♀, Puntarenas, Golfito, P.N. Corcovado, Est. Agujas, 11.iii.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 3♀, Puntarenas, Golfito, Est. El Tigre, LS277800_529600, 34m, 7.ii.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 25.iv.2001; 1♀, Puntarenas, R.P. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N, 85°03’W, 305m, 14-15.ii.2005 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, 8°47’N, 82°58’W, 1000-1300m, 7-19.ii.2007 (C. Hansson); 1♀, Puntarenas, E.B. San Miguel, 9°34’N, 85°08’W, 0-50m, 2.xii.1998, ex Pachyscelus sp. on Terminalia catappa (L.M. LaPierre) ; 1♀, Puntarenas, upper San Luis Valley, 10°15’N, 84°45’W, 100m, iv.1999, ex Pachyscelus nigricollis on Cecropia insignis (L.M. LaPierre) ; 1♀, Puntarenas, San Luis de Monteverde & vicinities, 10°17’N, 84°49’W, 50-150m, xii.1997, ex lep. leaf miner on Cecropia polyphlebia (L.M. LaPierre) ; 1♂, Puntarenas, Monteverde, “Ecological Farm”, 10°18’N, 84°49’W, 1350m, 16-17.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 10°03’N, 84°00’W, 1600m, iv.1995 (P. Hanson); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected ix.1995; 3♀, San José, Ciudad Colón, 800m, 1.iii.1997 (C. Hansson); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected ii.1990; 1♀, San José, San Pedro, UCR Campus, 1200m, 28.ii.1997 (C. Hansson). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 2♀, Barahonia, 4km N Paraiso, 150m, 22.iii.1991 (L. Masner); 1♀, Barahonia, 7km NW Paraiso, rain forest remnant, 27.xi.1991 (L. Masner & S. Peck. GUATEMALA: 2♀, Dpto Zacapa, below San Lorenzo, 750m, 18.xi.1986 (M. Sharkey). HONDURAS: 9♀ 4♂, Atlantida, La Ceiba, 14.viii.1992, ex Gracillariidae on Canavalia maritima (R. Cave) ; 9♀, Colon, Puerto Castilla, 21.vii.1992, ex Gracillariidae on Canavalia maritima (R. Cave) ; 2♀, Yoro, Pico Pijol, 9.iii.1997 (C. Hansson); 1♀, Choluteca, Los Colorados, 21.iii.1992, ex Liriomyza sativae on Cucumis sativus (N. Acosta); 4♀, Francisco Morazan, San Antonio de Oriente, El Zamorano, 27.ii-2.iv.1992, ex Liriomyza sativae on Cucumis sativus (N. Acosta); 1♀, El Paraiso, Danli, Opalaca, 3.xi.1994, ex Phaseolus vulgaris (R. Cordero) . MEXICO: 1♀, Chiapas, 47.2mi S Palenque, 12300’ [3749m], 21.vii.1983 (R. Anderson); 1♂, Guerrero, 6.2mi SW Xochipala, 13.vii.1985 (J.B. Woolley); 2♀, Hidalgo, 12.4mi NE Tlanchinol, 2500’ [762m], 14.vi.1983 (R.Anderson); 1♀ 1♂, Michoacan, 6mi N Cheran, 8.vii.1985 (J.B. Woolley); 2♀, Michoacan, 2mi S Carapan, 6.vii.1985 (J.B. Woolley); 1♂, Michoacan, 10mi S Uruapan, 6.vii.1985 (J.B. Woolley); 1♀ 3♂. Oaxaca, 16.xi.1983 (C.M. Yoshimoto); 2♀, Oaxaca, 15.1mi N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 3850’ [1174m], 11.vii.1987 (Woolley & Zolnerowich); 1♀, Oaxaca, 19mi S San Miguel Suchixtepec, 17.vii.1985 (Woolley & Zolnerowich); 3♀, Oaxaca, 8mi NE El Punto, 18.vii.1985 (Woolley & Zolnerowich); 3♀, Oaxaca, 10mi E Totolapan, 4000’ [1219m], 20.vii.1987 (J.B. Woolley); 1♀, Oaxaca, 29.1mi E Pochutla, 80’ [24m], 13.vii.1987 (Woolley & Zolnerowich); 1♀, Puebla, 4.7mi SW La Cumbre, 5100’ [1555m], 23.vii.1987 (J.B. Woolley); 1♀, Tamaulipas, Altas Cumbre, 12mi SW Victoria, 19.iii.1986 (G. Zolnerowich); 1♀, Tamaulipas, 6mi W Gomez Farias, 5.vii.1986 (G. Zolnerowich); 1♀, Veracruz, 3mi NE Huatusco, 22.vii.1985 (J.B. Woolley). St VINCENT: 1♂, St. Andrew, Maloney, edge of rainforest, 12.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, Charlotte, Mt Perseverence, edge of rainforest 11.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); ♀, St David, Richmond Beach, coastland, 10.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀ 1♂, St. George, Belmont, wasteground, 6.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1♀, St. Patrick, Wallilabou, wasteground, 12.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: 3♀ St. George, St. Augustine, 19.vi.1976, ix-xi.1976 (F.D. Bennett, J.S. Noyes); 1♀, Curepe, 30.xi.1977; 1♀, Caroni, Gran Couva, cocoa plantation, 27.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1♂, St. Patrick, Mount Irvine Bay, coastal grassland, 19.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). USA: 6♀ 2♂, Florida, Polk Co., ex Phyllocnistis citrella , 22.v.1994 (H.W. Browning). VIRGIN ISLANDS: 1♀, St. John, Central Road, 400m, 29.vii.1971 (L. Masner).

Figures

Fig. 4. Closterocerus flavicinctus, habitus dorsal view, ♀ non-type. Length of specimen 1.1mm.

Figs 95–101. Closterocerus spp. C. flammeus – (95) habitus dorsal view, paratype ♀; (96) habitus lateral view, paratype ♀; (97) habitus lateral view, paratype ♂. C. eulampis, paratype ♂ – (98) habitus lateral view. C. flavicinctus, non-types – (99) habitus dorsal view, ♀; (100) habitus lateral view, ♀; (101) vertex, ♀.

Figs 102–105. Closterocerus spp. C. flavicinctus, non-types – (102) habitus dorsal view, ♂; (103) habitus lateral view, ♂. C. fulgens, holotype ♀ – (104) habitus dorsal view; (105) habitus lateral view.