Otacilia Thorell, 1897

Mu, Yannan & Zhang, Feng, 2021, Seven new Otacilia Thorell, 1897 species from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae), Zootaxa 5032 (4), pp. 533-548 : 534-536

Otacilia Thorell, 1897

Type species. Otacilia armatissima Thorell, 1897

Otacilia ensifera sp. nov. (Njṃffiǥ)

Fig. 1

Type material. Holotype ♂ (HNCZ-18-01): CHINA: Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Yizhang County, Mangshan National Forest Park , Houwangzhai Scenic Spot (112°51.601′E, 24°59.092′N, 452 m), 18 Apr. 2018, leg. Luyu Wang.

Paratype: 1♀, with same data as holotype .

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ensifer”, meaning sword-shaped, referring to the shape of the RTA; adjective.

Diagnosis. The male of the new species resembles those of O. florifera Fu, He & Zhang, 2015 (see Fu et al. 2015: Fig 25), but can be distinguished by the long, straight and sword-shaped RTA (vs shorter and coracoid), and the thin U-shaped sperm duct (vs wider U-shaped sperm duct). The female can be recognized from all other species in the armatissima -group by the copulatory duct short and curved around the basal stalk of the bursa, the expanded base of the glandular appendage, and the teardrop-shaped tip of the glandular appendage.

Description. Male (Holotype). Total length 3.53; carapace 1.80 long, 1.47 wide; abdomen 1.73 long, 1.06 wide. Carapace brown, higher at central area, with darker petal-shaped markings either side of fovea, directed towards palps and legs I-III ( Fig. 1A ). Cervical groove indistinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.36, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.07; PLE–PLE 0.44, ALE–PLE 0.10. MOA 0.33 long, anterior width 0.34, posterior width 0.30. Clypeal height 0.15. Chelicerae brown, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum yellow. Legs orange-brown. Measurements of legs: I 9.25 (2.28, 0.68, 2.65, 2.15, 1.49), II 7.05 (1.78, 0.62, 1.96, 1.65, 1.04), III 5.89 (1.50, 0.57, 1.27, 1.60, 0.95), IV 9.35 (2.53, 0.63, 2.19, 2.75, 1.25). Spination: femora I–IV d1b, femur I pl 11111, femur II pl 111, tibia I v 222222222, tibia II v 22222222, metatarsus I v 2222, metatarsus II pv 1111 rv 111. Abdomen oval, black, with small yellow dorsal scutum anteriorly and white transverse stripe close to anal tubercle.

Palp as in Fig. 1C–F . Femoral apophysis weakly sclerotized, well-developed. RTA long, about 1/3 length of cymbium, sword-shaped, base wide, with acicular tip. Bulb oval, sperm duct strongly sclerotized; tegular apophysis small, blunt; embolus moderately long, curved down.

Female (Paratype). Total length 4.31; carapace 1.93 long, 1.69 wide; abdomen 2.38 long, 1.31 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.12, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.38, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.08, PLE–PLE 0.49, ALE–PLE 0.08; MOA 0.30 long, anterior width 0.33, posterior width 0.34. Clypeal height 0.12. Legs orange-brown. Measurements of legs: I 9.35 (2.29, 0.74, 2.81, 2.08, 1.43), II 7.53 (1.94, 0.70, 2.07, 1.62, 1.20), III 5.86 (1.45, 0.57, 1.20, 1.65, 0.99), IV 9.50 (2.62, 0.67, 2.26, 2.74, 1.21). Spination: femur I–IV d1b, femur I pl 11111, femur II pl 111, tibia I pv 111111111 rv 1111111111, tibia II pv 111111111 rv 11111111, metatarsus I v 2222, metatarsus II pv 1111 rv 111. Abdomen with nearly square spot anteriorly. Other characters same as male except color lighter.

Epigyne as in Fig. 1G–H . Epigynal plate longer than wide, with clear pentagonal-shaped median plate. Copulatory openings small, copulatory duct short, curved, partly covered by bursa at base; glandular appendages relatively large, teardrop-shaped, with broad base, behind copulatory duct in dorsal view; bursa large, transparent; spermathecae oval, separate by median plate; fertilization ducts short, located on anterior margin of spermathecae.

Distribution. China (Hunan Province) ( Fig. 8).

Otacilia spiralis sp. nov. (ṞḢṃffiǥ)

Fig. 2

Type material. Holotype ♂ (HNHS-18-07): CHINA: Hunan Province, Hengyang City, Nanyue district, Nanyue Town , Anlechong (27°14′2.02″N, 112°43′7.06″E, 145 m), 18 Jan. 2018, leg. Luyu Wang.

Paratypes: 8♂ 2♀, with same data as holotype; CHINA : 6♀ (CQCK-18-02), Chongqing City, Chengkou County, Longtian Town , Wuli village , hillside behind primary school (32°03.726′N, 108°40.351′E, 1206 m), 16 Mar. 2018, leg. Zhisheng Zhang ; 2♀ (CQCK-18-03), Chongqing City, Chengkou County, Longtian Town , Wuli village (32°04.269′N, 108°39.914′E, 1286 m), 16 Mar. 2018, leg. Luyu Wang.

Etymology. The specific name is the Latin word “spiralis”, referring to the screw-shaped embolus; adjective.

Diagnosis. This new species resembles O. nanhuashanica Liu, 2020 , but males can be distinguished by the RTA bending at a right angle and with stronger spines at the base (vs bent at an acute angle and with weak spines), the retromargin of the RTA with a rectangular basal apophysis (vs without), the embolus curved and spiral-shaped (vs hook-shaped embolus), and the palpal femur shorter, with the femoral apophysis located near the middle (vs long and distal part) (compare Fig. 2E–G with fig. 6C–G in Liu et al. 2020). Female have a large copulatory fovea, often with plugs ( Fig. 2H ), and the copulatory duct thin and heart-shaped ( Fig. 2I ).

Description. Male. Total length 2.50–2.96 (n=9). Holotype: total length 2.66; carapace 1.32 long, 1.14 wide; abdomen 1.34 long, 0.96 wide. Carapace yellow, higher at central area, with broad longitudinal gray band, slightly broader than eye area. Cervical groove indistinct, fovea dark red. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.21, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.07; PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.08. MOA 0.19 long, anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.23. Clypeal height 0.12. Chelicerae brown, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Endites brown. Sternum white-gray. Legs yellow, with black annuli near tip of femora and tibiae. Measurements of legs: I 5.11 (1.32, 0.44, 1.57, 1.24, 0.54), II 3.94 (1.11, 0.45, 1.12, 0.93, 0.34), III 3.37 (0.90, 0.40, 0.74, 0.87, 0.48), IV 5.50 (1.45, 0.46, 1.31, 1.55, 0.73). Spination: femur I d 11, femora II–IV d1b, femur I pl 1111, femur II pl 11, tibia I v 22222222, tibia II v 2222222, metatarsus I v 2222, metatarsus II pv 1111 rv 111. Abdomen oval, brown, with small dorsal scutum anteriorly, two triangular gray spots medially, and four gray transverse stripes posteriorly.

Palp as in Fig. 2D–G . Femoral apophysis weakly sclerotized, well-developed, located in basal half. Base of RTA broad and strong, with several strong setae and rectangular apophysis on retromargin in dorsal view, and slender tip bending towards cymbium at 90 degree angle. Cymbium with modified setae close to tip of embolus, bulb pyriform, tegular apophysis rod-like, long and thin, transparent; embolus thick, spiraling distally, with massive base.

Female. Total body length 3.18–3.31 (n=2). One paratype: total length 3.18; carapace 1.34 long, 1.17 wide; abdomen 1.84 long, 1.26 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME– AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.22, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.06, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE 0.09; MOA 0.22 long, anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.22. Clypeal height 0.10. Legs yellow. Measurements of legs: I 5.29 (1.36, 0.52, 1.58, 1.21, 0.62), II 4.31 (1.13, 0.48, 1.17, 1.01, 0.52), III 3.50 (0.92, 0.42, 0.75, 0.92, 0.49), IV 4.88 (1.18, 0.41, 1.18, 1.38, 0.73). Spination: femur I–IV d1b, femur I pl 1111, femur II pl 111, tibia I pv 11111111 rv 111111111, tibia II pv 11111111 rv 1111111, metatarsus I v 2222, metatarsus II pv 1111 rv 111. Other characters as for male, except lighter color and slightly larger body size.

Epigyne as in Fig. 2H–I . Epigynal plate sclerotized. Copulatory openings large, located at anterior of epigynal plate. Septum wide. Copulatory duct long, heart-shaped; bursa large, transparent, balloon-shaped; spermathecae small, globular; fertilization ducts long, located anteromesally on spermathecae.

Distribution. China (Hunan Province, Chongqing City) ( Fig. 8).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Otacilia ensifera sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; C. Male left palp, dorsal view; D. Same, prolateral view; E. Same, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view; G epigyne, ventral view; H. Same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CD—copulatory duct; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; FA—femoral apophysis; FD—fertilization duct; G—gland; GA—glandular appendage; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S—spermatheca; SD—sperm duct; TA—tegular apophysis.

FIGURE 2. Otacilia spiralis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; C. Same, ventral view; D. Male left palp, dorsal view; E. Same, prolateral view; F. Same, ventral view; G. Same, retrolateral view; H. Epigyne, ventral view; I. Same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CD—copulatory duct; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; FA—femoral apophysis; FD—fertilization duct; MS—median septum; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SD—sperm duct; TA—tegular apophysis.