Neoempheria Osten-Sacken

Amorim, Dalton De Souza & Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, 2013, Types of Neotropical Mycetophilidae (Diptera) at the Natural History Museum collection, London, Zootaxa 3726 (1), pp. 1-119 : 63-71

Neoempheria Osten-Sacken

EMPHERIA Winnertz 1863: 783 (preocc. Hagen, 1856). Type-species, Sciophila striata Meigen ( Coquillett 1910: 537) . Neoempheria Osten-Sacken 1878: 9 (nom. nov. for Empheria Winnertz ). Type-species, Sciophila striata Meigen (aut.). PLEONAZONEURA Enderlein 1910a: 156 . Type-species, P. johannseni Enderlein (orig. des.).

NEUROCOMPSA Enderlein 1910a: 158. Type-species, N. ornatipennis Enderlein (orig. des.).

N. biflagellata Edwards 1940b: 127 , fig. 12b (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 172 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 19.3.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1937-[pr]414[hw]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Neoempheria / biflagellata [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / biflagellata [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257799”. The holotype is in fair condition. The abdomen has been removed, but just its distal part is mounted with the terminalia; both antennae and one of the mid- and of the hindlegs are missing. One of the wings of the holotype was mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. bilobata Edwards 1940b: 113 , fig. 3b (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 11 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 173 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The holotype labels are as follows: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 7.7.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1939-628” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Neoempheria / bilobata [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / bilobata [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257749”. The holotype is in good condition, only one of the forelegs missing. The distal half of the abdomen was removed and the terminalia was dissected and mounted. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. bipectinata Edwards 1940b: 110 , fig. 1b (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 2 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 174 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a female paratype, both of which are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 14.6.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1937-[pr]414[hw]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Neoempheria / bipectinata [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / bipectinata [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257736”. The holotype is in fairly good condition, with one of the fore- and one of the midlegs broken. The abdomen of the holotype has been removed and glued to the micropin base. The male terminalia has been dissected and mounted on a separate base. The paratype is in excellent condition ( BMNH (E) # 257737). The wing of one of the specimens has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. borgmeieri Edwards 1940b: 113 . Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Bom Retiro. Holotype? ♀, NHM.

( Figure 175 )

Notes. Edwards (1940b) stated that the only known specimen at the time of the description was a very damaged specimen. He refers to it as a female, but the abdomen is missing and it is not possible to be sure of the gender. The holotype labels are: “Bom Retiro [pr] / 20-I-1929 [hw] / S. Cath. Prade [pr]” // “ Brazil: Th. Borgmeier / 1931-577.” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / borgmeieri Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards / det. 1933[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / borgmeieri [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257768”. The holotype is in fair condition. One of the antennae is missing, there is only one fore- and one hindlegs complete, and the wing at the specimen is distally broken. One of the wings of the holotype was mounted on a slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection. There are other identified specimens from Nova Teutônia (Santa Catarina) and Rio Claro (São Paulo), but the conspecificity with the type stands questionable until the male terminalia can be dissected .

N. brevicauda Edwards 1940b: 112 , fig. 8 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♀, NHM.

( Figure 176 )

Notes. The type series included only the female holotype. Its labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 18.7.1939.” // “B.M. / 1939-628 [hw]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / brevicauda [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / brevicauda [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257750”. The type is in excellent condition. One of the wings of the holotype was mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. costalimai Edwards 1940b: 126 , fig. 12a (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 23 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 177 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and two male paratypes, of which holotype and one of the paratypes are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 19.1.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1937-[pr]414[hw]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Neoempheria / costalimai [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / costalimai [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257797”. The holotype is in pretty fair condition. One mid- and one hindleg are missing. The terminalia of the holotype was dissected and mounted on a separate base and a leg is glued to the base of the micropin. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection. The paratype number is BMNH(E) # 257798 and also had the male terminalia dissected .

N. enderleini Edwards 1940b: 122 , fig. 9b (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, PAN.

( Figure 178 )

Notes. The holotype of N. enderleini was firstly a paratype of Pleonazoneura johannseni var. evanescens

Enderlein, originally housed in the Stettiner Museum für Naturkunde, later on transferred to the Warsawa Museum

(PAN). The only paratype of N. enderleini at the NHM is a male from Nova Teutônia (BMNH(E) # 257793). Its terminalia has not been dissected and the specimen is in excellent condition.

N. flavicornis Edwards 1940b: 123 , fig. 10b (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 21 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 179 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 22.11.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-[pr]40[hw]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Neoempheria / flavicornis [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / flavicornis [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257784”. The holotype is in excellent condition. The male terminalia has been dissected and mounted on a separate card. The wing of the holotype was removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. flavicoxa Edwards 1940b: 115 , fig. 4b (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 15 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 180 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and two female paratypes. The NHM, however, has three female specimens identified as paratypes ( BMNH (E) # 257764-6), one of which (and at this time it is not possible to determine which) is a specimen without type status. Specimens BMNH(E) # 257764-5 have the same kind of Plaumann’s label of the holotype and of most of the types of the species of Neoempheria described by Edwards, while specimen BMNH(E) # 257766 has a different kind of label, which makes it the most probable candidate of mislabeled paratype. The labels of the holotype are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 19.3.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1937-[pr]414[hw]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / flavicoxa [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / flavicoxa [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257763”. The holotype is in excellent condition. The wing of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. kaestneri Edwards 1940b: 121 , fig. 8a (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina. Holotype ♂, PAN. ( Figure 181 )

Notes. The holotype of N. kaestneri Edwards was formerly a paratype of Pleonazoneura johannseni Enderlein. Three Nova Teutônia male specimens are referred to by Edwards (1940b) as paratypes, two of which are at the NHM (BMNH(E) # 257790-1), one of them in excellent condition.

N. lanei Edwards 1940b: 118 , fig. 6b (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 17 (wing). Type-locality: Brasil, São Paulo, Juquiá. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 182 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The holotypes labels are: “1.118” // // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “S. Paulo / Juquiá / J. Lane col. [pr] / xi.36 [hw]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Neoempheria / lanei [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “B.M. / 1939-636” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / lanei [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257782”. The type is in pretty good condition. The distal half of the abdomen has been removed and mounted on a separate base. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection.

N. lindneri Edwards 1940b: 125 , fig. 11a (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 6 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 183 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 12.6.1939.” // “B.M. / 1939-626 [hw]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / lindneri [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / lindneri [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257763”. The holotype is in good condition. One of the wings of the holotype was removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. luederwaldti Edwards 1940b: 121 , fig. 9 (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 20 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina. Holotype ♂, PAN.

( Figure 184 )

Notes. The male holotype of N. luederwaldti was formerly a paratype of Pleonazoneura johannseni Enderlein. A male paratype from Nova Teutônia at the NHM and in excellent condition completes the type series (BMNH(E) # 257792). The wing of the paratype was removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection.

N. lutzi Edwards 1940b: 128 , pl. 1, fig. 4 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Ref.— Coher 1959: 51, figs. 52–53 (♂ terminalia). Holotype ♀, NHM.

( Figure 185 )

Notes. The type series included only the female holotype. The labels with the type are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 16.8.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-636” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / lutzi [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / lutzi [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257769”. The holotype is in fairly good condition, with one fore- and one midlegs missing. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. maculipennis Williston 1896: 262 , Pl. VIII, fig. 16 (wing). Type-locality: St. Vincent, W.I., 1500 m. Ref.—

Edwards 1940b: 118, fig. 6D (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 12 (wing). Lectotype ♂, NHM (here designated). ( Figure 186 )

Notes. In the original publication, Williston (1896) refers to the type series as composed of four male specimens. Edwards (1940b) commented on the type series as having “ three males (type and paratypes)”, but they are actually syntypes and a lectotype has never been formally designated. The type-series at the NHM holds four specimens, composed of three males and an additional specimen with the abdomen broken. The labels of the lectotype here designated are: “SYN- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with light blue border] // “Winward side / St. Vincent, W.I. / H.H. Smith.” // “W. Indies. / 1907-66.” // “ 1500 feet ” // [a small square black label with no writings] // “ Neoempheria maculipennis [hw] / Williston. [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257778”. Most specimens are mostly in a remarkably good condition. The terminalia of one of the male paralectotypes has been dissected and is mounted on a separated base. The paralectotypes are numbered BMNH(E) # 257779-81. One of the wings of the lectotype was removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection. The fourth syntype (BMNH(E) # 257781) is not conspecific with the lectotype and the other two paralectotypes, being not only much smaller, but also having a different wing pattern.

N. muelleri Edwards 1940b: 116 , fig. 6c (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 16 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 187 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, three male and three female paratypes, all of which are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 30.7.1936.” // “Brit Mus / 1936-656” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / muelleri [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / muelleri [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257770”. The holotype is in good condition. The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) # 257771-7). Two of the specimens ( BMNH (E) # 257774 and 257778) did not receive J.E. Chainey’s paratype verification label .

N. neivai Edwards 1940b: 109 , fig. 1° (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 1 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 188 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, two female paratypes from Nova Teutônia ( BMNH (E) # 257733-5) and an additional male from British Guiana ( BMNH (E) # 257734). This latter paratype is not conspecific with the holotype. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 12.2.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-312” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / neivai [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / neivai [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257732”. The holotype is in fairly good condition, with one fore- and one midleg missing. The wing of one of the specimens has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection (slide 78) .

N. ornatipennis ( Enderlein) 1910a: 158 , fig. 1 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina. Ref.— Edwards 1940b: 119, fig. 7a (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 19 (wing). Holotype ♂, PAN.

( Figure 189 )

Notes. There are no NHM types. Two specimens from Nova Teutônia (one of them with the male terminalia dissected) may be conspecific with the holotype described by Enderlein. A wing of one of the specimens was removed and mounted on a slide mounting in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. pereirai Edwards 1940b: 129 , pl. 1, fig. 5 (wing) (1941: 307, again as n.sp.). Type-locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Salobra. Holotype ♀, NHM.

( Figure 190 )

Notes. Edwards (1940b: 129) referred to a female at the beginning of the species description, but the material examined section included a male type. The specimen is actually a female and in Papavero (1978) the type is correctly indicated as a female. There are no paratypes. The holotype labels are: “1.210” // “M. Grosso / Salobra / vii.1939 / Exp. C. Z. B.” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / pererai Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // Brazil. / J Lane. BM 1939.636.” [hw] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / pererai [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257801”. The holotype is in good condition, even though the specimen is pinned across the left pleura, where some important features of the colour of the sclerites are present, and one of the mid legs is broken. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection.

N. pilosa Edwards 1940b: 124 , fig. 10D (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 191 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a male paratype, both of which are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 1.6.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-636” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / pilosa [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / pilosa [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257786”. The holotype is in good condition, with one of the fore- and one of the midlegs broken. The paratype collection number is BMNH(E) # 257787 .

N. plaumanni Edwards 1940b: 114 , fig. 4a (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 13 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 192 )

Notes. In the original description, Edwards refers to “numerous specimens of both sexes, including the type ♂ ”. There are presently five male and five female paratypes at the NHM, all from the type-locality ( BMNH (E) # 257753-62). The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 2.6.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1937-656” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / plaumanni [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / plaumanni [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257752”. The holotype is in good condition, but one mid- and one hindleg are missing. The wing of one of the paratypes has been removed and was mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. plaumanni var.? Edwards 1940b: 115, pl. 2, fig. 14 (wing). ♀ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia .

Notes. The female referred to by Edwards as a possible subspecies of N. plaumanni could not be found at the NHM. Since it was not formally described, this is not a taxonomic problem. The wing of this specimen, however, could be traced and is mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection.

N. puncticoxa Edwards 1940b: 115 , fig. 5 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Ref.— Coher 1959: 24, pl. 1. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 193 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are as follows: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 21.4.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-458” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / puncticoxa [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / puncticoxa [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257767”. The holotype is in fair condition, with all legs from the right side broken and midleg glued to the micropin card .

N. rostrata Edwards 1940b: 124 , fig. 10c (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 194 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The labels with the type are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 8.8.1937.” // “B.M. / 1939-628 [hw]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / rostrata [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / rostrata [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257785”. The holotype is in good condition .

N. shannoni Edwards 1940b: 125 , fig. 11c (♂ terminalia), pl. 2, fig. 22 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 195 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a female paratype, both of which are at the NHM. The holotype labels are as follows: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 16.5.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-40” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / shannoni [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / shannoni [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257795”. The holotype is in fairly good condition but with fore- and right mid- and left hindleg missing. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection. The paratype is numbered BMNH(E) # 257796 .

N. simplex Edwards 1940b: 112 , fig. 3a (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 10 (♂ wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 196 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a female paratype, both of which are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 10.6.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-636” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / simplex [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / simplex [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257747”. The holotype condition is generally good but all right legs are distally broken. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection. The paratype type label is BMNH(E) # 257748 .

N. smarti Edwards 1940b: 123 , fig. 9c (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Guyana, Mazaruni. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 197 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The labels of the holotype are: “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / smarti [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “MAZARUNI: / 2 nd Growth. / (Low Forest.) / 16.viii.1937.” // BRITISH GUIANA: Coll. Richards / & Smart. / B.M. 1937-776. // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / smarti [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257783”. The holotype is in generaly good condition, but with the right foreleg and the left hindleg broken.

N. spinosa Edwards 1940b: 111 , fig. 2 (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 7 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 198 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, seven male and two female paratypes ( BMNH (E) # 257738-46), of which the holotype, six male and two female paratypes are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 7.7.1938.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-682” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / spinosa [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / spinosa [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257738”. The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) # 257739-46. The holotype is in very good condition. The entire abdomen of the holotype was removed from the specimen and part of it is glued to the micropin base. A wing of one of the specimens has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

N. subclavata Edwards 1940b: 121 , fig. 8b (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 199 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a male paratype. The holotype labels are: “ Brasilien / Nova

Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 9.6.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1939-626” // [male terminalia dissected,

mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE ” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” //

“ Neoempheria / subclavata [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / subclavata [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257788”. The holotype is in excellent condition. The paratype number is BMNH(E) # 257789.

N. unispinosa Edwards 1940b: 123 , fig. 10a (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 200 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are as follows: “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27º 11’ S 52º 23’ W / Fritz Plaumann / 31.9.1937.” // “Brit Mus / 1938-40” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / flavicoxa [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / flavicoxa [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 257800”. The holotype is in excellent condition. Part of its abdomen has been removed from the specimen and is mounted with the terminalia on a separate base .

N. varipennis (Lynch Arribálzaga) 1892: 423 (1892: 49) ( Empheria ). Type-locality: Argentina, Misiones, Santa

Ana. Ref.— Edwards 1940b: 116, fig. 6A (♂ terminalia); Coher 1959: 18 pl. 1 (wing).

N. VARIIPENNIS, lapsus. ( Figure 201 ) Notes. The types are lost. Edwards (1940b) identified a number of specimens from Nova Teutônia as belonging to N. varipennis . Considering that the type-locality of N. varipennis —Misiones, in Argentina —is considerably close to Nova Teutônia and that some species are shared between these two localities, they may indeed be conspecific.

N. vogeli Edwards 1940b: 127 , fig. 12c (♂ terminalia), pl. 1, fig. 3 (wing). Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 202 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The holotype is from Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, but there is an additional female specimen also collected by M. Vogel in Petrópolis that may be conspecific with the type. The holotype labels are: “Petrópolis / M. Vogel, 1930 [hw] // [male terminalia mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Brazil. Th. Borgmeier. / B.M. 1931-577 // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Neoempheria / vogeli Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards / det. 1930 [pr]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Neoempheria / vogeli [hw] / Edwards / det. J.E. Chainey 1995 [pr]”// “BMNH(E) # / 257751”. The holotype is in quite good condition but only the fore- and left midlegs are complete. One of the wings of the holotype has been removed and mounted on a separate slide in the NHM Diptera slide collection .

Figures

FIGURES 162–174. Mycetophilidae habitus. 162. Mycomya fuscicornis Freeman, holotype ♂. 163. Mycomya inermis Freeman, holotype ♂. 164. Mycomya infuscata Freeman, holotype ♂. 165. Mycomya jaffuelensis Freeman, holotype ♂. 166. Mycomya pectinata Freeman, holotype ♂. 167. Mycomya setifera Freeman, holotype ♂. 168. Mycomya spinifera Freeman, holotype ♂. 169. Mycomya spinosa Freeman, holotype ♂. 170. Mycomya taurus Freeman, paratype ♂. 171. Mycomya trichops Freeman, holotype ♂. 172. Neoempheria biflagellata Edwards, holotype ♂. 173. Neoempheria bilobata Edwards, holotype ♂. 174. Neoempheria bipectinata Edwards, paratype ♀.

FIGURES 175–186. Mycetophilidae habitus. 175. Neoempheria borgmeieri Edwards, holotype?♀. 176. Neoempheria brevicauda Edwards, holotype ♀. 177. Neoempheria costalimai Edwards, paratype ♂. 178. Neoempheria enderleini Edwards, paratype ♂. 179. Neoempheria flavicornis Edwards, holotype ♂. 180. Neoempheria flavicoxa Edwards, holotype ♂. 181. Neoempheria kaestneri Edwards, paratype ♂. 182. Neoempheria lanei Edwards, holotype ♂. 183. Neoempheria lindneri Edwards, holotype ♂. 184. Neoempheria luederwaldti Edwards, paratype ♂. 185. Neoempheria lutzi Edwards, holotype ♀. 186. Neoempheria maculipennis Williston, lectotype ♂.

FIGURES 187–199. Mycetophilidae habitus. 187. Neoempheria muelleri Edwards, holotype ♂. 188. Neoempheria neivai Edwards, paratype ♀. 189. Neoempheria ornatipennis (Enderlein),?. 190. Neoempheria pereirai Edwards, holotype ♀. 191. Neoempheria pilosa Edwards, paratype ♂. 192. Neoempheria plaumanni Edwards, paratype ♀. 193. Neoempheria puncticoxa Edwards, holotype ♂. 194. Neoempheria rostrata Edwards, holotype ♂. 195. Neoempheria shannoni Edwards, holotype ♂. 196. Neoempheria simplex Edwards, holotype ♂. 197. Neoempheria smarti Edwards, holotype ♂. 198. Neoempheria spinosa Edwards, paratype ♀. 199. Neoempheria subclavata Edwards, holotype ♂.

FIGURES 200–213. Mycetophilidae habitus. 200. Neoempheria unispinosa Edwards, holotype ♂. 201. Neoempheria varipennis (Lynch Arribálzaga),?. 202. Neoempheria vogeli Edwards, holotype ♂. 203. Manota defecta Williston, lectotype ♂. 204. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) bifida Freeman, holotype ♂. 205. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) brevifurcata Freeman, holotype ♂. 206. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) extensa Freeman, holotype ♂. 207. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) funerea Freeman, holotype ♂. 208. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) furcilla Freeman, holotype ♂. 209. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) setigera (Freeman), holotype ♂. 210. Neallodia brevicornis (Enderlein),?. 211. Neallodia flavida Edwards, holotype ♀. 212. Rymosia pilosa Edwards, holotype ♀. 213. Synplasta cinerea (Freeman), holotype ♂.