Caulleriella filiformia, Blake, 2021

Blake, James A., 2021, New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Zootaxa 4990 (2), pp. 253-279 : 256-259

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ED8988CB-357D-4AD2-9810-CBD1C131CC8A

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5091866

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/263E4535-116F-490F-8ABC-0726725F0F29

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:263E4535-116F-490F-8ABC-0726725F0F29

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Caulleriella filiformia
status

sp. nov.

Caulleriella filiformia View in CoL new species

Figures 1–2 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:263E4535-116F-490F-8ABC-0726725F0F29

Caulleriella sp. B : Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2 (in part); 1987b: D-2 (in part); Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part)

Caulleriella sp. 3 : Blake et al. 1987: C-2 (in part); Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part).

Material examined. (48 specimens) Southeastern USA, off Charleston , South Carolina, U.S. South ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 15: Cruise SA-5, Rep. 2, 18 Sep 1985, 32°11.99ʹN, 76°42.23ʹW, 1991 m, holotype ( USNM 1642576 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 1, 18 Sep 1985, 32°12.00ʹN, 76°42.23ʹW, 1988 m, 2 paratypes ( USNM 1642575 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 18 Sep 1985, 32°11.97ʹN, 76°42.24ʹW, 1991 m, 1 paratype ( USNM 1642577 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise SA-4, Rep. 1, 16 May 1985, 32°12.02ʹN, 76°42.18ʹW, 1993 m, 1 paratype ( USNM 1642572 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 2, 16 May 1985, 32°12.05ʹN, 76°42.18ʹW, 1991 m, 4 paratypes ( USNM 1642573 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 16 May, 1985, 32°10.74ʹN, 76°42.93ʹW, 2003 m, 2 paratypes ( USNM 1642574 About USNM ) GoogleMaps .— Off New England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 5: Cruise NA 3, Rep. 1, 04 Jul 1985, 40°05.11ʹN, 67°29.84ʹW, 2058 m, (3, USNM 1642578 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA 4, Rep 2, 25 Nov 1986, 40°05.09ʹN, 67°29.84ʹW, 2071 m (2, USNM 1642579 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 25 Nov 1985, 40°05.07ʹN, 67°29.81ʹW, 2071 m (1, USNM 1642580 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA 5, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1986, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.94ʹW, 2052 m (2, USNM 1642581 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 29 Apr 1986, 40°05ʹ.01ʹN, 67°29.90ʹW, 2085 m (2, USNM 1642582 About USNM ) ; Cruise NA 6, Rep. 1, 26 Jul 1986, 40°05.07ʹN, 67°29.08ʹW, 2063 m (1, USNM 1642583 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 26 Jul 1986, 40°05.09ʹN, 67°29.67ʹW, 2055 m (1, USNM 1642584 About USNM ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 6: Cruise NA 2, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.04ʹN, 67°29.99ʹN, 2108 m (1, USNM 1642585 About USNM ) ; Rep. 2, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.03ʹN, 67°29.13ʹN, 2108 m (1, USNM 1642586 About USNM ) ; Rep. 3, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.13ʹN, 2107 m (1, USNM 1642587 About USNM ) ; Cruise NA 5, Rep. 2, 30 Apr 1986, 40°05.11ʹN, 67°29.21ʹN, 2110 m (2, USNM 1642588 About USNM ) ; Rep. 3, 01 May 1986, 40°05.10ʹN, 67°29.13ʹW, 2109 m (1, USNM 1642589 About USNM ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 8: Cruise NA 2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°10.24ʹN, 67°37.16ʹW, 2185 m (1, USNM 1642590 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Cruise NA 4, Rep. 3, 25 Nov 1985, 40°10.25ʹN, 67°37.41ʹN, 2182 m (4, USNM 1642591 About USNM ) ; Cruise NA 6, Rep. 2, 27 Jul 1986, 40°10.23ʹN, 67°37.25ʹN, 2193 m (2, USNM 1642592 About USNM ) ; Rep. 3, 27 Jul 1986, 40°10.21ʹN, 67°37.28ʹN, 2188 (3, USNM 1642593 About USNM ) . Sta. 14: Cruise NA 2, Rep. 1, 05 May 1985, 39°40.91ʹN, 70°54.17ʹW, 2095 m (4, USNM 1642594 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 2, 5 May 1985, 39°40.93ʹN, 70°54.21ʹW, 2092 m (1, USNM 1642595 About USNM ) GoogleMaps . Sta. 15: Cruise NA 2, Sta. 15, Rep. 2, 5 May 1985, 39°40.07ʹN, 70°54.27ʹW, 2145 m (1, USNM 1642596 About USNM ) GoogleMaps ; Rep. 3, 6 May 1985, 39°40.10ʹN, 70°54.31ʹW, 2140 m. (1, USNM 1642597 About USNM ) GoogleMaps .— Off New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid- Atlantic ACSAR, Program, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Mid-6, Sta. 2: Rep. 3, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35ʹ.83ʹN, 72°53.91ʹW, 1994 (3, USNM 1642598 About USNM ) .— Off New Jersey, U.S. EPA DWD-106 Site Survey, R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist: Sta. G, Rep. 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.60ʹN, 72°02.62ʹW, 2509 m (1, MCZ 161720 About MCZ ) GoogleMaps .

Description. A long, thin, threadlike species ( Figs. 1A–C View FIGURE 1 , 2A, C–E View FIGURE 2 ); holotype complete, 9.1 mm long, 0.16 mm across anterior segments and 0.12 mm across far posterior segments, for 58 setigers; one complete paratype (USNM 1642576), 8 mm long for 60 setigers. Body generally cylindrical throughout, with no evidence of dorsal or ventral grooves.All segments moniliform to some extent ( Fig. 2A, C–F View FIGURE 2 ); 5–8 anteriormost setigers relatively short, constituting thoracic region ( Figs. 1A–B View FIGURE 1 , 2A–B View FIGURE 2 ), about 1.5–2.0 times as wide as long, then segments becoming longer, about 1.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2A, C–E View FIGURE 2 ); posterior segments becoming shorter, rounded, about as long as wide, weakly moniliform ( Figs. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 2F View FIGURE 2 ), continuing to pygidium bearing two narrow anal cirri ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2F–G View FIGURE 2 ). Individual segments along most of body transparent, with intestinal track and coelom clearly apparent ( Fig. 2A–F View FIGURE 2 ); heart body evident in anteriormost segments of some specimens; epidermis of anterior and middle body segments lumpy, but not producing transverse annulations. Color in alcohol opaque white, with no pigment apparent on body.

Pre-setiger region narrow, about 2.3 times as long as wide, about as long as first four setigers ( Figs. 1A–B View FIGURE 1 , 2A–B View FIGURE 2 ). Prostomium triangular, tapering to narrow rounded apex ( Fig. 1A–B View FIGURE 1 ); eyespots absent; nuchal organs not observed. Peristomium elongate, narrow, with weak lateral grooves in anterior one-third, not producing annular rings ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2A View FIGURE 2 ); holotype with grooves producing lateral pockets ( Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 ). Dorsal tentacles widely spaced, arising from near posterior border of peristomium ( Fig. 1A–B View FIGURE 1 ); first pair of branchiae arising immediately posterior to dorsal tentacles on peristomium; second pair of branchiae arising on posterior border of setiger 1, dorsal to notosetae ( Fig. 1A–B View FIGURE 1 ). Subsequent segments with branchiae in similar position; branchiae long, thin, present along most of body to near posterior end.

Parapodia reduced; anterior segments with weakly developed podial lobes from which setae arise. Noto- and neuropodial setal fascicles distinctly separated from one another anteriorly, becoming widely separated from one another in middle and posterior setigers. Noto- and neurosetae of anteriormost setigers with 5–8 long capillaries per fascicle; notoacicular bidentate hooks first present from setigers 7–10 (setiger 8 in holotype); neuroacicular hooks similar in distribution (beginning setiger 7 in holotype). Hooks mostly replacing capillaries, 1–3 per fascicle at first, increasing to 4–5 in middle and posterior segments, reduced to 1–3 in far posterior segments. Hooks with a thick, slightly curved shaft tapering to thick main fang surmounted by a thin apical tooth as an extension of an ‘alate’ flange on convex side of shaft ( Figs. 1D–E View FIGURE 1 , 2H–I View FIGURE 2 ); neuropodial hooks shorter and thicker ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ) than notopodial hooks ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ). Hooks of far posterior segments becoming longer, less curved, prominently visible on segments anterior to pygidium.

Pygidium with two short anal cirri ( Figs. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 2F–G View FIGURE 2 ); one or both sometimes missing, but scars or stubs usually present.

Variability. The most obvious variability among the material is with the beaded or moniliform segments. In some specimens all segments are at least weakly moniliform with anterior segments short and rounded, middle segments elongated and posterior segments again short and rounded. In other specimens the anterior most segments while distinctly separated from one another are weakly crowded, but transition to moniliform segments along most of the body. In other specimens the middle body segments and some posterior segments appear to be stretched or pulled out, thus obscuring the moniliform shape. Finally, the middle segments of other specimens have an intestinal fold that when filled with particles, elevates the dorsum of individual segments thus exaggerating the moniliform appearance.

Methyl Green staining. No pattern.

Remarks. Caulleriella filiformia n. sp. is distinctive among species of Caulleriella in having a long, thin threadlike body with most specimens having moniliform or bead-like segments along nearly the entire length; segments are short and beadlike in anterior and posterior segments, longer in middle segments and stretched, but still weakly moniliform in shape.

Caulleriella filiformia n. sp. is closely related to C. rodmani n. sp. (see below) with which it may occur. In C. filiformia n. sp. the first pair of branchiae arise lateral to the dorsal tentacles on the posterior margin of the peristomium; the second pair and subsequent branchiae occur on setiger 1 dorsal to the notosetae. In contrast, the first pair of branchiae of C. rodmani n. sp. arise dorsal to the notosetae on setiger 1. Rounded or moniliform segments typically occur along the entire of body of C. filiformia n. sp., while only the first 3–5 thoracic segments of C. rodmani n. sp. are rounded. Two short anal cirri occur on the pygidial segment of C. filiformia n. sp., whereas the pygidium of C. rodmani n. sp. is rounded and lacks anal cirri. One or two of the anal cirri may be damaged or broken, but scars or stubs are usually apparent when stained with Shirlastain A. The bidentate hooks of C. filiformia n. sp. have an ‘alate’ flange on the convex side that forms the apical tooth, whereas in C. rodmani n. sp., there is no flange and the apical tooth emerges directly from the shaft.

Biology and Habitat. One paratype (USNM 1642573) has a few large eggs in posterior parapodia that measure up to 350 µm in the longest dimension; the large size suggesting direct development. Sediments associated with Sta. 15, the type locality off Charleston, SC, were sampled on only two surveys ( Blake et al. 1987). Samples were collected in water depths of 1944–2003 m: SA-4 (May 1985) and SA-5 (Sep 1985). The sediments consisted of 64.1% sand and 35.9% silt + clay on SA-4 and 62.3% sand and 37.7 % silt + clay on SA-5 ( Blake et al. 1987). Thus, the sediments were about 2/3 sand and 1/3 silt + clay. The fauna was dominated by Microrbinia linea Hartman, 1965 a common threadlike orbiniid polychaete that was often the most abundant invertebrate in benthic samples in 2000–3000 m depths throughout U.S. South Atlantic study area ( Blake et al. 1987; Blake 2021). Caulleriella filiformia n. sp. ranked sixth out of the 20 most abundant taxa, but comprised only 2.8 % of the total fauna ( Blake & Grassle 1994). Sites off New England where C. filiformia n. sp. was collected were in depths of 2055–2193 m.

Etymology. The epithet filiformia is an adjective derived from the Latin, filum, a thread, in reference to the thin, threadlike body of this species.

Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, off New England to the Carolinas, 1944–2185 m.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Order

Terebellida

Family

Cirratulidae

Genus

Caulleriella

Loc

Caulleriella filiformia

Blake, James A. 2021
2021
Loc

Caulleriella sp. B

Hilbig, B. 1994: 940
1994
Loc

Caulleriella sp. 3

Hilbig, B. 1994: 940
1994
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