Pulvinaria nipponica Lindinger, 1933

Tanaka, Hirotaka & Kamitani, Satoshi, 2021, Redescriptions of six Japanese species of the genus Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with four new synonymies, Zootaxa 5071 (1), pp. 51-75 : 67-69

Pulvinaria nipponica Lindinger, 1933

( Fig. 10 )

[Japanese name: Mikan-hime-wata-kaigaramushi]

Pulvinaria citricola Kuwana 1914: 3 ; Kawai 1972: 15; Kawai 1980: 154; Ben-Dov 1993: 254.

Pulvinaria nipponica Lindinger 1933: 50 ; Tanaka 2012: 7 ; Choi & Lee 2016: 97; replacement name for Pulvinaria citricola Kuwana, 1914 (nec Kuwana 1909: 153).

Eupulvinaria ctricola ( Kuwana, 1914) ; Borchsenius 1953: 288.

Chloropulvinaria citricola ( Kuwana, 1914) ; Kawai 2003: 316, 556, 815, 830.

Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): (Type) / Pulvinaria / citricola / Kuw. / 柑橘 [ Citrus spp. ] / Shizuoka / 5/44 III k 7, 1 adult female on a slide together with 1 paralectotype; the lectotype is the individual on left under ( NIPP); Paralectotype (here designated): same data, mounted on the same slide as the lectotype ( NIPP).

Other material. JAPAN: Tokyo, Minato-ku , Meiji-jingu-gaien, on Acer buergerianum , 20.v.1965, coll. S. Kawai, 6 adult females on a slide ( KTUA) ; Tokyo, Akishima-shi, Shouwa Park , on Acer buergerianum , 10.v.1972, coll. S. Kawai, 1 adult female mounted singly ( KTUA) .

Redescription. Live appearance: Body of adult female elongate oval to broad oval, rather convex; dorsum brown to dark brown and slightly shiny, with a yellow longitudinal line and powdery wax before oviposition; ovisac about same length as body or rather long (translated from Kawai 1980).

Slide-mounted adult female (n=9). Body elongate-oval to broadly oval, 3.0 (3.0–4.9) mm long, 2.7 (2.5–3.9) mm wide, stigmatic clefts discernible but shallow; anal cleft approximately 1/5–1/8 of body length.

Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations well developed. Dorsal setae spiniform, frequent, scattered throughout dorsum, each 5–7 (4–9) µm long with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores absent. Tubular ducts and microducts frequent throughout, each one situated within an areolation ( Fig. 10 DA); tubular ducts usually more numerous than microducts, ratio of numbers of tubular ducts to that of microducts about 0.25 (0.11–1.5). Dorsal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate 134–141 (128–148) µm long, 78–80 (49–89) µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, a slightly convex posterolateral margin and 4 (1–4, usually 4) apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin and 1 pair laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 (6–8, mostly 6) setae. Eyespots present in marginal area.

Margin. Marginal setae each with a well-developed basal socket and mostly a simple pointed apex, but rarely apex branched; each seta 28–55 (12–61) µm long, each side with 11–13 (9–18) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 3 (1–3, mostly 3) stigmatic spines, median spine 81–89 (73–94) µm long, approximately 2–4 times longer than a lateral spine.

Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 6–8 (5–8) µm wide, with 6–8 (4–10, mostly 7 or 8) loculi, present around genital opening and on medial areas of preceding 4 or 5 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each coxa. Spiracular disc pores each 4–5 µm wide, mostly each with 5 loculi, present in bands 1–5 pores wide between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 24–40 (24–54) pores, posterior bands each with 43 (25–67) pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of 3 types: type I each with large outer ductule (about 3–5 µm wide and 8–15 µm long), a stout inner ductule (about 2–4 µm wide and 5–16 µm long) and a well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial areas of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments, also in inner submarginal areas of head, thoracic and anterior abdominal segments; type II tubular ducts each with a rather small outer ductule (2–4 µm wide and 5–16 µm long) and a shallow cup-shaped invagination leading to a narrower inner ductule (<1–2 µm wide and 8–18 µm long) with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly occurring in medial areas of posterior abdominal segments and inner submarginal areas of head, thoracic and abdominal segments; type III ducts similar to type II, but each with a short, filamentous inner ductule (<1 µm wide and 2–6 µm long) and a minute terminal gland, present intermixed with type I and type II ducts in inner submarginal areas of head, thorax and abdomen and in a broad submarginal band on head, thorax, and abdomen, forming a complete submarginal ring. Posteriormost 3 abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae on the medial area. With 3 (3–6) pairs of long setae present between antennae, 1 or 2 (1–4) pairs of long setae present on area mesad of each procoxa, and rarely 0–1 pairs of long setae on medial areas of thoracic and anterior abdominal segments; other setae short and fine, distributed throughout venter. Spiracles normal for the genus; peritreme widths: anterior spiracle 56–59 (50–65) µm, posterior spiracle 65–72 (60–79) µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 294 (279–316) µm long, hind tibia 178 (174–222) µm long, and hind tarsus 86 (76–106) µm long. Antennae each 7 (7 or 8, mostly 8) segmented, 381–385 (341–450) µm long. Labium 84 (58–92) µm long, 126 (117–140) µm wide.

Host plants in Japan. Ebenaceae : Diospyros kaki ( Kawai 1972, 1980, 2003, Kuwana 1914), Malvaceae : Hibiscus spp. ( Kawai 2003) , H. syriacus ( Kawai 1972, 1980, Kuwana 1914), Rutaceae : Citrus spp. ( Kawai 1972, 1980, 2003, Kuwana 1914, 1917), Sapindaceae : Acer spp. ( Kawai 2003) , A. buergerianum ( Kawai 1972, 1980), and Ulmaceae : Zelkova serrata ( Kawai 1972, 1980).

Remarks. Pulvinaria nipponica is similar to P. kuwacola in having: (i) eyespots located in the marginal area of the dorsum, and (ii) ventral type III tubular ducts forming a complete submarginal ring. However, it differs from P. kuwacola in the following character state (that of P. kuwacola in brackets): preopercular pores absent (at least a few preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates). Pulvinaria nipponica is also similar to P. photiniae ; however, it differs from P. photiniae by lacking preopercular pores anterior to anal plates ( P. photiniae has some pores in this area). Important diagnostic morphological character states for P. nipponica and a comparison with the type species of the genus, P. vitis , are summarised in Table 1 . Pulvinaria nipponica can be separated from other Pulvinaria species described in this study, and P. vitis , by the presence of dorsal tubular ducts, the absence of dorsal submarginal tubercles, the condition of dermal areolation, location of eyespots, body shape, multilocular pore distribution, type III ventral tubular duct distribution, number of loculi in each multilocular pore, and the number of preopercular pores.

Figures

FIGURE 10. Pulvinaria nipponica Lindinger, 1933, adult female collected from Tokyo, Japan in 1965.ANT, antenna:AP, anal plate; DA, dermal areolation; DMD, dorsal microduct; DS, dorsal seta; DTD, dorsal tubular duct; LG, leg; MP, multilocular pores; MS, marginal seta; POP, preopercular pores; SDP, spiracular disc pore; SSP, stigmatic spines; VMD, ventral microduct; VTD, ventral tubular ducts, types I to III. Scale bars: 200 μm for ANT, DA and LG, 100 μm for AP, 50 μm for MS and SSP, and 10 μm for all other features.