Pulvinaria hazeae Kuwana, 1902

Tanaka, Hirotaka & Kamitani, Satoshi, 2021, Redescriptions of six Japanese species of the genus Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with four new synonymies, Zootaxa 5071 (1), pp. 51-75 : 57-60

Pulvinaria hazeae Kuwana, 1902

( Figs 4–6 )

[Japanese name: Naga-wata-kaigaramushi]

Pulvinaria hazeae Kuwana 1902: 61 ; Takahashi 1956: 23; Kawai, 1972: 15; Kawai 1980: 155; Tanaka 2005: 16.

Material examined. Neotype (here designated): JAPAN / Fukuoka Prefecture / Buzen-shi / Hachiya / on Cornus florida / 18.iv.2021 / coll. H. Tanaka; adult female mounted singly on a slide ( ELKU).

Other material. JAPAN: same data as Neotype, 4 adult females mounted singly (2 EUMJ, 2 ELKU) ; Tokyo, no host plant indicated, 26.ix.1910, coll. I. Kuwana, 1 adult female mounted singly ( NIPP) ; Aichi Prefecture, Nagoyashi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya Women’s University , on Cornus florida , 4.v.2001, coll. H. Tanaka, 1 adult female mounted singly ( EUMJ) ; Tokyo, Hutyu-shi , on Cornus florida , 20.iv.2002, coll. H. Tanaka, 2 adult females mounted singly (1 EUMJ, 1 ELKU) ; Chiba Prefecture, Matsudo-shi, Forest, and Park of 21C, on Toxicodendron succedaneum , 29.iv.2003, coll. H. Tanaka, 2 adult females mounted singly (1 EUMJ, 1 ELKU) .

Redescription. Live appearance: Body of adult female broadly oval to circular, slightly convex; dorsal surface dark brown, covered with irregular whitish or yellowish spots ( Fig. 4 ); thin-walled ovisac produced from ventral surface of abdomen, extremely long, often more than 100 mm long ( Fig. 5 ). Eggs reddish white, visible through thin-walled ovisac.

Slide-mounted adult female (n=11). Body broadly oval to circular, 7.2 (5.8–8.0) mm long, 6.0 (5.0–7.1) mm wide, margin with a shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft approximately 1/7 (1/7–1/5) of body length.

Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations well developed ( Fig. 3C ). Setae spiniform, frequent, scattered throughout dorsum, each 8–13 (6–13) µm long with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores oval to circular, each 4–6 (3–7) µm in diameter, barely sclerotised and often difficult to see and count, with 102 (46–141) anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts absent. Microducts frequent throughout dorsum, each associated with an areolation. Dorsal submarginal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate 242–248 (184–256) µm long, 141–153 (104–153) µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, posterolateral margin slightly convex, and 3 or 4 apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 (1 or 2) pairs of setae along anterior margin and 3 (2 or 3) pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing 7 (6–10) setae. Eyespots not detected.

Margin. Marginal setae each with a well-developed basal socket, 25–90 (18–98) µm long, often curved; mostly with a simple pointed apex but rarely with apex branched; each side with 13 (11–23) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts distinct but shallow, each containing 3 or 4 (2–4, mostly 3) stigmatic spines, median spine 78–84 (50–109) µm long, approximately 2–3 times longer than a lateral spine.

Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 7–10 (7–11) µm wide, with 6–10 (mostly 7 or 8) loculi, present around genital opening and on medial areas of all abdominal segments, meso- and metathoracic segments, and between antennae; a small group also present lateral to each coxa. Spiracular pores each 5–7 (5–8) µm wide, with 5–7 (3–7) loculi, present in rather broad bands 1–5 pores wide between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 61 (41–108) pores, posterior bands each with 71–86 (48–98) pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of 3 types: type I each with a large outer ductule (3–5 µm wide and 10–20 µm long), a stout inner ductule (2–3 µm wide and 15–28 µm long), and a well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland, present in postero-medial area of head, medial areas of all thoracic segments, and in inner submarginal areas of head and thoracic segments; type II ducts each with large outer ductule (3–4 µm wide and 8–15 µm long) ending with a shallow cup-shaped invagination and leading to a long and narrow inner ductule (<1 µm wide and 14–26 µm long) with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly occurring in medial areas and inner submarginal areas of abdominal segments; and type III ducts similar to type II but each with a short, filamentous inner ductule (<1 µm wide and 3–7 µm long) and a minute terminal gland, present in a broad submarginal band on posterior thoracic and abdominal segments, intermixed with type II or type I ducts. Mesothoracic, metathoracic and abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae in medial area, but these occasionally lacking on some segments. With 19 (12–22) long setae between antennal bases, and 3 (3 or 4) pairs of long setae on area mesad of procoxae; other setae short and fine, distributed throughout venter. Spiracles normal for the genus; peritreme widths: anterior spiracle 119–120 (74–120) µm, posterior spiracle 130–139 (96–152) µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 575–617 (460–640) µm long, hind tibia 395–447 (318–465) µm long, and hind tarsus 213–214 (160–220) µm long. Antennae each 8 (6–8, mostly 8) segmented, 725 (572–818) µm long. Labium 114 (80–120) µm long, 170 (100–185) µm wide.

Host plants. Anacardiaceae : Toxicodendron sylvestre ( Kawai 1972, 1980, Takahashi 1956 as Rhus sylvestris ), T. succedaneum ( Kawai 1972, 1980, Kuwana 1902 as R. succedanea ), and Cornaceae : Cornus florida (Tanaka 2005) .

Remarks. Pulvinaria hazeae is similar to P. idesiae in having: (i) well-developed ventral setae on the medial area of most thoracic and abdominal segments, (ii) a large, mostly rounded body; (iii) in lacking dorsal tubular ducts, and (iv) in having similar dorsal coloration (dark brown with irregular whitish or yellowish spots). However, it differs from P. idesiae by the following character states (character states of P. idesiae in brackets): (i) an extremely long, thin-walled ovisac (ovisac relatively short and thick walled); (ii) having multiple multilocular pores between antennal bases (lacking pores on the head); and (iii) in lacking type III ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area anterior to anterior stigmatic furrows (having type III ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area anterior to anterior stigmatic furrows). Important diagnostic morphological character states for P. hazeae in comparison with the type species of the genus, P. vitis , are summarised in Table 1 . Pulvinaria hazeae can be separated from other Pulvinaria species described in this study, and from P. vitis , by the absence of dorsal tubular ducts and dorsal submarginal tubercles, the condition of dermal areolation, body shape, multilocular pore distribution, type III ventral tubular duct distribution, and the number of loculi in each multilocular pore.

The morphology of the adult female P. hazeae described here mostly agrees well with the redescription by Takahashi (1956). However, the present description differs slightly from that of Takahashi (1956) as follows (character states of Takahasi’s redescription in parenthesis): (i) marginal setae rarely with branched apices (apices not branched); (ii) preopercular pores numbering 46–141 (referred to as minute dorsal median pores, numbering about 70); (iii) marginal setae each 18–98 μm long (39–66 μm); and (iv) body length 5.0–7.1 mm long (6 mm long). These morphological discrepancies are probably due to intraspecific morphological variation or the quality of the microscopes used.

The original description of P. hazeae by Kuwana (1902) was mostly based on highly variable morphological characteristics (including proportions of the lengths of antennal segments and leg segments, body length, and ovisac length) that have little taxonomic value. We had searched for type specimens of this species for over 10 years in almost all of the Coccomorpha collections in Japan, but none could be found; therefore, it is concluded that all of Dr. Kuwana’s type specimens of P. hazeae have been lost. The authors believe that the designation of a neotype of this species is necessary because the original description of the species is not informative, highly similar species ( P. idesiae ) exist, and the type material has been lost. One of the specimens used in the redescription above and collected from the same area (Hachiya, Buzen-shi) as the type locality of the species (Chikujo-gun, currently known as Buzen-shi, Chikujo-machi, Kouge-machi, and Yoshitomi-machi), has been designated as the neotype of P. hazeae for the purpose of taxonomic stability. The morphology of this type specimen is almost consistent with the original description.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Partial microscopic photographs of a syntype adult female of Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell, 1896, deposited in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA: a. anal plates and anal ring setae; b. a thin and faint but discernible sclerotic plate around a spiracle, indicated by short arrow heads; c. dorsal dermal areolation forming a reticulated pattern; d. syntype slide of P. aurantii (Photos by Scott A. Schneider).

FIGURE 4. A live adult female of Pulvinaria hazeae Kuwana, 1902, on the trunk of Cornus florida.

FIGURE 5. Adult females of Pulvinaria hazeae Kuwana, 1902, with long ovisacs.

FIGURE 6. Pulvinaria hazeae Kuwana, 1902, adult female collected from Kyushu Island in 2021. ANT, antenna; AP, anal plate; DA, dermal areolation; DMD, dorsal microduct; DS, dorsal seta; LG, leg; MP, multilocular pores; MS, marginal seta; POP, preopercular pores; SDP, spiracular disc pore; SSP, stigmatic spines; VMD, ventral microduct; VTD, ventral tubular ducts, types I to III. Scale bars: 400 μm for ANT; 200 μm for AP, DA and LG; 50 μm for SSP and MS; 10 μm for all other features.