Lecythis corrugata, Poiteau, 1825

Huang, Ya-Yi, Mori, Scott A. & Kelly, Lawrence M., 2015, Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae- I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis, Phytotaxa 203 (2), pp. 85-121 : 109-111

Lecythis corrugata (99% BS; Fig. 14 )

This clade includes all five species of Lecythis section Corrugata recognized by Mori (1990b). Species of L. section Corrugata are found in the Guianas, eastern Amazonian Brazil, and on the other side of the Andes in the Lake Maracaibo area ( Huang, 2010).

Synapomorphies for this clade are the presence of rugose/tuberculate pedicels and hypanthia (character 14; Figs. 14E, F ) and ligular flanges (absent in L. corrugata ) (character 28, Fig. 14B, D ). Other synapomorphies include the presence of a non-coiled ligule (character 26; Fig. 14B–D ), an open androecium (absent in L. corrugata , character 33; Fig. 14B–D ), anther dimorphism (character 36), and four-locular ovaries (character 39). The monophyly of the L. corrugata clade in the present study is consistent with Mori (1990b), Mori et al. (2007), and Huang et al. (2011). However, recovering the L. corrugata clade as sister to the E. parvifolia clade has not been suggested before.

Within this clade L. corrugata is morphologically similar to species of Corythophora , especially to the two species in the C. amapaensis / C. labriculata clade, as indicated by dorsi-ventrally thickened, closed androecial hoods (character 33; Figs. 10D, 10I , 14A ). Huang et al. (2011) pointed out that the L. corrugata and Corythophora clades have non-coiled ligules (character 26; Figs. 14A–C ), reduced or well-developed appendages on the interior side of the ligule (character 29, Fig. 14A–C ), anther dimorphism (character 36, Fig. 14C ), and seeds with basal arils (characters 47, 48; Figs. 10L , 14F ). However, all species in this clade (other than L. corrugata ) are easily separated from Corythophora by an open instead of a closed androecium, the presence of lateral flanges, and four instead of a two-locular (except C. labriculata ) ovaries. In this study, the close relationship of the L. corrugata and Corythophora clades is not supported. A close relationship of these clades was supported by Huang et al. (2011), but the only synapomorphy was the presence of anther dimorphism (character 36; Fig. 14C ).

Figures

FIGURE 10. The Corythophora clade. A–E. C. amapaensis (see Fig. 42 in Mori & Prance, 1990 for vouchers), F–L. C. alta (see Fig. 12 in Mori & Lepsch-Cunha, 1995 for vouchers) A. Apical view of flower. Note the closed androecial hood typical of all species in this clade. B. Inferior ovary with all but four calyx-lobes removed. Note that the calyx-lobes are strongly imbricate. C. Cross-section of 2-locular ovary. D. Medial section of an androecium with the androecial hood dorsiventrally thickened. E. Campanulate fruit base. F.Apical view of flower. G. Ovary, calyx, and style of a very young fruit. Note that the calyx-lobes are not imbricate. H. Cross-section of 2-locular ovary. I. Medial longitudinal section of androecium with dorsiventrally thickened hood. J. Cylindrical fruit. K. Operculum without a columella. L. Seeds with basal arils. The seeds of this clade are oblong to fusiform. Drawings A–E by B. Angell and F–L by A. Tangerini.

FIGURE 14. The Lecythis corrugata clade.A. L. corrugata subsp. corrugata (Mori et al. 25730). B. L. confertiflora (Mori et al. 20801). C. L. persistens subsp. persistens (Mori et al. 25651). D. L. persistens subsp. aurantiaca (Mori et al. 24724). E. Lecythis idatimon (Mori et al. 25745). F. L. persistens subsp. persistens. A. Apical view of flower. Note that this is the only species in this clade with a closed androecial hood and without lateral flanges. B. Anterior view of flower. Note that this species has an open androecium and the sides of the ligule with lateral flanges. C.Anterior view of flower. Note that his species has an open androecium and the sides of the ligule possess lateral flanges. D. Lateral view of flowers. Note that this species has an open androecium and the sides of the ligule with lateral flanges. E. Young fruits with tuberculate pedicels and hypanthia. F. Young fruits with rugose pericarp and fusiform seeds with a small aril at their base. Photos by S. A. Mori (A, C–F) and C. Gracie (B).