Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher,1850) Frank, 2020

Frank, David, 2020, Revision of the subgenus Stigmatophorella of Chalcophorella (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae), Zootaxa 4895 (4), pp. 451-482 : 459-463

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher,1850) stat.nov.,assign.nov.

( Figs 10–17 , 27 , 43 , 49 )

Chalcophora quadrimaculata: Redtenbacher in Kollar & Redtenbacher 1850: 45 (catalogue), 47 (original description); Lacordaire (1857): 23 (noted); Marseul (1866): 529 (redescription); Gemminger & Harold (1869): 1358 (catalogue); Saunders (1871): 13 (catalogue); Kerremans (1892): 36 (catalogue); Jakobson (1913):780 (catalogue, as ‘var.’ of C. stigmatica ).

Chalcophorella quadrimaculata: Kerremans (1903) : 80 (as synonym of C. stigmatica ); Kerremans (1909): 80 (in synonymy of C. stigmatica ); Ali (2010): 19 (in synonymy of C. stigmatica ).

Chalcophorella (Chalcophorella) quadrimaculata: Obenberger (1942) : 5 (key), 11 (catalogue, as ‘ab.’ of C. (C.) stigmatica ); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (C.) stigmatica ); Bellamy (2008): 552 (listed as synonym of C. (C.) stigmatica ), 553 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (C.) stigmatica ); Ghahari, Volkovitsh & Bellamy (2015): 35 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (C.) stigmatica ); Kubáň (2016): 459 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (C.) stigmatica ).

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis freyi: Obenberger (1942) : 8 (original description, incl. Fig. 3 ), 11 (catalogue); Cobos (1957): 200 (noted); Radjabi (1968): 71 (catalogue); Cobos (1972): 31 (noted); Bílý (1981): 349 (noted, taxonomy); Bílý (1983): 53 (catalogue, faunistic); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue); Bellamy (2008): 551 (catalogue); Ghahari, Volkov-itsh & Bellamy (2015): 34 (catalogue); Kubáň (2016): 460 (catalogue). syn. nov.

Stigmatophorella bagdadensis freyi: Radjabi (1976) : 128 (catalogue).

Chalcophorella bagdadensis freyi: Niehuis (1989) : 94 (catalogue); Modarres Awal (1997): 134 (catalogue); Akiyama & Ohmomo (2000): Pl. 39, Figs 388-2, 388-3 (iconography); Borumand (2002): 29 (catalogue); Ali (2010): 19 (noted).

Chalcophorella Berhauti Mandl & Pochon (1957) : 325 (original description); Ali (2010): 19 (in synonymy of C. bagdadensis bagdadensis ). syn. nov.

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) berhauti: Bílý (1981) : 348 (as synonym of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Bellamy (2008): 551 (listed as synonym of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ; catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Ghahari, Volkovitsh & Bellamy (2015): 34 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Kubáň (2016): 460 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ).

Type localities. Chalcophora quadrimaculata here specified: Schiraz [ Iran, Fars Province, Shiraz] (see ‘Remarks’); Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis freyi ‘ Iran, Fort Sine-Sefid (Chiraz-Kazeroum)’ [ Iran, Fars Province, between Shiraz and Kazeroon]; Chalcophorella berhauti : ‘Palmenplantage bei Sabzawaran’ [ Iran, Kermân Province, Jiroft].

Type material examined. Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata : LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀, ‘Quadrimacula- | ta | Schiraz | Redt. [w, h] || bagdadensis | Pers. Lap. [w, h]’ ( NHMW). PARALECTOTYPE: ♁, ‘Kots. [Kotschy] | m S4. [w, h]’ ( NHMW).

All specimens were provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE [or PARALECTOTYPE respectively] [sex] | Chalcophora | quadrimaculata | REDTENBACHER, 1850 | David Frank des. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis | quadrimaculata | (REDTENBACHER, 1850), David Frank det. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’.

Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis freyi : LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♁, ‘ Iran, Fort Sine-Sefid | Str. Chiraz-Kazeroun | ca. 2200 m.1937 | leg. Brandt [w, p] || TYPUS [r, p] || Typenbezeichnung | fraglich | 1956 det. Kamp [w, p/h; red letters] || Stigmatophorella | bagdadensis ssp. | Freyi m. Type | Det. Dr Obenberger [w, h/p]’ ( NHMB, coll. G. Frey).

PARALECTOTYPES (1 ♁, 2 ♀♀): 1 ♁, ‘ Iran, Fort Sine-Sefid | Str.Chiraz-Kazeroun | ca. 2200 m. 1937-18-5 | leg. Brandt [w, p/h] || Cotype [r, p] || Mus. Nat. Pragae | Inv. 20111 [w, p/h] || bagdadensis | ssp. Freyi m. | Cotype | Det. Dr. Obenberger [w, h/p]’ ( NMPC); 2 ♀♀ , ‘ Iran, Fort Sine-Sefid | Str.Chiraz-Kazeroun | ca. 2200 m. 1937-18-5 | leg. Brandt [w, p]’ ( NHMB, coll. G. Frey) .

All specimens were provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE [or PARALECTOTYPE respectively] [sex] | Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis | freyi | OBENBERGER, 1942 | David Frank des. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis | quadrimaculata | (REDTENBACHER, 1850), David Frank det. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’.

Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis berhauti : HOLOTYPE (by monotypy): ♀, ‘[upperside]: Palmenplantage | bei Sabzawaran [w, p]; [underside]: 6.IV.50 [w, h] || Chalcophorella | Berhauti | Mandl et Pochon | TYPUS [r, h/p] || [upperside]: Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis Obenb. | det. Sv. Bílý, 1980 [w, h/p]; [underside]: cum typo | comparavit | Sv. Bílý 1980 [w, p/h]’ ( NMBE).

Specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ HOLOTYPE (by monotypy) | Chalcophorella | berhauti ♀ | MANDL & POCHON, 1957 | David Frank labelled III. 2020 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis | quadrimaculata | (REDTENBACHER, | 1850), David Frank det. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’.

Additional material examined (8 ³³, 11 ♀♀). IRAN: FARS PROV.: S Iran, Mian Jangal , 30.5.– 5.6.1973, Loc. No. 223, Exp. Nat. Mus., Praha, 5 ♀♀ ( NMPC) ; W Sarvestân (40 Km NW Fâsa ), 1830m, Kűh-e Mian Jangal , 29°10′01′′N 53°23′01′′E, 28.v.2012, Baiocchi leg., 1 ♁ ( DFPC) ; Shiraz , 33km N de Kazerum, Amygdalus , 1♀ ( VKSC) ; 48km W of Siráz, 3km NE of Dasth Arian , 29°40′18.76N 52°0′31.80E, 2097m.n.m, 29.v.2015, M. Obořil lgt., 1 ♁ ( MOOC) ; Maharlu, Saftfluss an wild Mandel, 1 ♁ ( NMBE) ; road Shiraz-Gahrom , 42 Km S Bâb-e Anâr, N 28°42′47′′, E53°29′35.8′′, 1140 m., 10.V.2010, Baiocchi leg., 1 ♁ ( DBRI) ; Kamfiruz district 1700m., Khânimân env., 30°19′N 52°14′E, 2.vi.1990, local collector, 1 ♀ ( DFPC) . ILAM PROV.: Poucht-é-Kouh , Tagh-I-Mowla, alt. 500 a 2000 m., J. De Morgan, 1 ♀ ( NMBE) . KERMAN PROV.: N Deh Bakrî , 29°07′40′′N, 57°55′99′′E, 1825m, 26–27.v.2012, Baiocchi leg., (1 ♁ DFPC; 1 ♀ DBRI); E Iran, Rafsanjan, 26.–28.4.[19]73, Loc. No. 223, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha, 1 ♀ ( NMPC) . KERMANSHAH PROV.: Касри-Ширин, З. ПерсиЯ, Луристан, Нестеров 30.iv.1914. [Kasri-Shirin (Châhshirin), z. Persija, Luristan, Nesterov 30.iv.1914], 1 ♀ ( ZIN) . KHŰZESTÂN PROV.: Zagros mts. , Andimeshk (41km NE) : Azanak (7km SEE) , 32°39′39′′N, 48°43′20′′E, ~ 1000m, 9.v.2016, Vít. Kubáň leg., 1 ♁ ( VKSC) . KOHGILUYEH AND BOYER- AHMAD PROV.: Si Sakht env. 5–9 km O, 11– 16.7.2003, 1700–4000m, Ivo Jeniš leg., 1 ♁ ( VKSC) ; 5 km E Sísaht , 30°5′N, 51°30ʹE, 2480 m, 6.7.2003, J. Procházka lgt., 1 ♁ ( VKSC) .

Redescription of lectotype. Well preserved ♀ specimen with all appendages. Length 33.50 mm, width 13.00 mm, length/width ratio: 2.58.

Body generally black, pronotum with four pronotal principal reliefs at apical third; basal third of elytra greybronze with greenish metallic reflections around basal margin and four black elytral principal and several elytral minor reliefs.

Head black with some mouth parts brown, sparsely pubescent at lower half. Antennae serrate from antennomere IV. Scape and pedicel black, punctate and pubescent. Antennomere II ca. 2.5× shorter than I and III. Antennomeres III–XI brown, III less triangular, V–X more triangular, XI oval. Mandibles black; labrum brown, densely pubescent around border. Maxillae, labium, palpi maxillaries and palpi labiales brown, pubescent. Eyes large, oval. Frons 1.8× as wide as diameter of eye. Head impressed with medial sulcus, punctate, sparsely pubescent. Vertex finely punctate with sparse and short pubescence.

Pronotum 1.4× as wide as long, widest at mid-length, with rounded sides. Anterior margin arcuate with moderately protruding lobe, densely pubescent. Pronotal discal relief clearly bordered, black, very sparsely punctate, shiny, narrowest at apical third. Sides of pronotum grey with purple metallic reflections around pronotal discal relief, densely and finely furrowed, with pale tomentum. There are four black, shiny, irregularly circular pronotal principal reliefs at apical third, the inner are larger than the outer. Basal margin bisinuate, pronotal basal relief clearly bordered with shallow depression in the middle.

Scutellum small, black and shiny.

Elytra with several irregular shallow impressions at basal margin of each elytron. Lateral margins very slightly serrate at the apical quarter. Basal third grey-bronze with bluish metallic reflections around suture, very densely punctate to finely furrowed. There are two black, shiny, very irregularly oval elytral principal reliefs on each elytron, the outer is larger than the inner. The reliefs are joined to each other, and outer margins are merging with sculpture of elytra. There are also several black, shiny, very irregular, smaller elytral minor reliefs on each elytron. Middle and apical third black, with sparse and irregular micropunctation. Elytral impressions irregular, bronze with metallic reflections. Elytral ornaments small, bronze, tilde shaped with one (left) or two (right) inner shiny areas respectively. Epipleura horizontal, black, punctate with very sparse, short and recumbent pubescence.

Ventral side black, with bronze, metallic punctation. Majority of punctation covered by pale tomentum. Hypomeron sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctate. Prosternum more densely punctate than hypomeron, punctures smaller than punctures on hypomeron, sparsely pubescent in punctation. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, 1.7× as long as wide, densely punctate, sides smooth and nearly impunctate. Meso- and metanepisternum black with purplish reflections, sparsely, coarsely punctate, pubescent in punctation, more densely on sides than in centre. Abdominal ventrites irregularly punctate; punctures with recumbent pubescence; on sides larger than in centre.

Legs black, moderately densely and coarsely punctate, pubescent. Tibia with two apical ventral spurs, without carinae. Tarsi black with purple reflections, pubescent.

Variation. Body ♁♁ (n = 10) length: (22.00)23.75–26.50(28.25) mm, width: 8.00– 10.50 mm, length/width ratio: 2.54–2.75; ♀♀ (n = 15): length: 26.75–35.00 mm, width: 10.25–13.75 mm, length/width ratio: 2.50–2.75. Pronotal minor reliefs exceptionally present in low amount (1–2). Aedeagus (n = 6) length: 5.68–6.64 mm, width: 1.41–1.55 mm, length/width ratio: 3.78–4.24(4.58). Penis elongate, apex of parameres roundly truncate ( Fig. 43 ).

Differential diagnosis. Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata can be distinguished from C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis by not clearly bordered outer elytral principal reliefs and small elytral ornaments; and from C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii by missing (or very low amount of) pronotal minor reliefs. For additional characters see Key to species.

Biology. In the locality Iran, Khuzestan Province, 6 km SE of Azanak, [32°39′37′′N, 48°43′16′′E] ( Fig. 27 ) where C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata lives together with C. (S.) escalerae , an imago was found on Prunus (sect. Amygdalus ) arabica but in the locality there were old trees of Pistacia khinjuk .

In the locality Iran, Fars Province, 20 km NEE of Neyriz, 2090 m, [29°15′20′′N, 54°31′06′′E] one torso of C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata was found and many exit holes of this species in Pistacia sp. were observed. In the locality Iran, Fars Province, 20 km SE of Sarvestan, ~ 1760 m, [29°10′08′′N, 53°23′33–53′′E] two imagos of C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata were caught in flight. In this locality there were Pistacia sp. and Prunus sp. (V. Kubáň, pers. comm. July 2020).

Modarres Awal (1997) mentioned ‘wild and cultivated almond’.

Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata is very probably a mountain subspecies (see ‘Biology’ of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ) and it prefers Pistacia sp. as host plant although it can develop also in other trees.

Distribution. Iran ( Fig. 49 ).

Remarks. Redtenbacher (in Kollar & Redtenbacher, 1850) described Chalcophora quadrimaculata in ‘Über den Charakter der Insecten-Fauna von S̹dpersien [About the Character of the Insect Fauna of Southern Persia]’ but he did not specify accurate locality in the description. ‘Schiraz [ Iran, Fars Province, Shiraz]’ is written on the locality label of lectotype ( Fig. 10 ) and also several times mentioned in introduction of this work, therefore the type locality is here specified as Shiraz, Iran, Fars Province.

Redtenbacher (in Kollar & Redtenbacher, 1850) did not specify explicitly how many specimens he had at his disposal when describing Chalcophora quadrimaculata nor mentioned any depository. Redtenbacher’s collection is deposited in NHMW ( Horn & Kahle, 1935) and he had more specimens than only one by the range ‘Long. 12‘‘‘–16‘‘‘ [12–16 Austrian Lines = 26.34–35.12 mm]’ mentioned in the description. I found a specimen in NHMW ( Figs 12–14 ) with Redtenbacher’s handwritten label (by Horn & Kahle, 1935) ‘Quadrimacula- | ta | Schiraz | Redt. [w, h] || bagdadensis | Pers. Lap. [w, h]’ ( Fig. 10 ) and with length 33.50 mm, which corresponds to range of length in description. Therefore the specimen from NHMW is designated as a lectotype in order to conserve the status of this taxon and avoid any further misinterpretations.

I found also one male specimen in NHMW with handwritten label ‘ Kots [chy]., m S4.’ (‘m S4.’ is probably a number of locality but there are no known records about it (H. Schillhammer, pers. comm. February 2020 )). This species was described from material collected by Theodor Kotschy whose collection is deposited in NHMW ( Horn & Kahle, 1935) and the length of this specimen (26.50 mm) is within the length range presented in the description 26.34–35.12 mm, therefore the specimen is designated as a paralectotype .

Kerremans (1903) synonymized C. quadrimaculata with C. stigmatica (Dalman, 1817) without any comment and the synonymization is accepted by all following authors although it is clear also from the description that C. quadrimaculata belongs to subgenus Stigmatophorella . Therefore C. quadrimaculata is removed from synonymy with C. stigmatica , transferred from the nominotypical subgenus to Stigmatophorella and downgraded to subspecies of C. (S.) bagdadensis .

Obenberger (1942) neither specified explicitly how many specimens he had at his disposal when described C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi nor measure(s) the specimen(s). He mentioned only depository ‘ Typus in coll: Frey’. I found a male specimen in NHMB (coll. G. Frey) which has the same locality data as description ‘ Iran, Fort Sine-Sefid , Str. Chiraz-Kazeroun’, red label ‘Typus’ and Obenberger’s determination label ‘ Stigmatophorella bagdadensis ssp. Freyi , m. Type , Det. Dr Obenberger’. Although the specimen has also label ‘ Typenbezeichnung fraglich [type designation questionable], 1956 Kamp det’ there is no reason to doubt that the specimen from NHMB is the type and it is designated as a lectotype in order to conserve the status of this taxon and avoid any further misinterpretations. I found also one male specimen in NMPC ( Fig. 15 , 43 ) with the same locality label, red label ‘ Cotype’ and Obenberger’s determination label ‘bagdadensis ssp. Freyi, m. Cotype, Det. Dr. Obenberger’ ( Fig. 11 ) and two female specimens in NHMB (coll. G. Frey) with the same locality labels. These specimens are included in the type series as paralecrotypes .

I studied the type series of C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi and found all specimens belong to C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata . Obenberger considered C. quadrimaculata as aberration of C. stigmatica and therefore he probably did not compare it with any taxon from subgenus Stigmatophorella . Because there are no differences between C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi and C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata and type locality is almost identical, C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi is synonymized with C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata .

Mandl & Pochon (1957) described C. berhauti from one female specimen from Sabzawaran [ Iran, Jiroft] ( Figs 16, 17 ). Bílý (1981) synonymized C. berhauti with C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis and the synonymization is accepted by all following authors. I studied the type specimen of C. (S.) bagdadensis berhauti and found the specimen belongs to C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata . Therefore C. (S.) bagdadensis berhauti is removed from synonymy with C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis and newly synonymized with C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata .

Figures

FIGURES 5–11. 5–7—Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype, ♁ 27.00 mm) © MNHN. 8—C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis Obenberger, 1942 (lectotype, ♀ 30.50 mm) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 9—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype, ♁ 29.50 mm) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 10—C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850) (lectotype). 11—C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi Obenberger, 1942 (paralectotype (NMPC)) = C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata. 5, 8, 9—dorsal view; 6—ventral view; 7—lateral view; 10, 11—labels.

FIGURES 12–17. 12–14—Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850) (lectotype, ♀ 33.50 mm). 15—C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi Obenberger, 1942 (paralectotype (NMPC), ♁ 25.50 mm) = C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata. 16–17—C. (S.) bagdadensis berhauti Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype, ♀ 29.00 mm) = C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata. 12, 15, 16—dorsal view; 13—ventral view; 14—lateral view; 17—labels.

FIGURES 24–27. 24–26—Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904) (lectotype, ♁ 24.00 mm). 27—Iran, Khuzestan Province, 6 km SE of Azanak, locality of C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata and C. (S.) escalerae. 24—dorsal view; 25—ventral view; 26—lateral view; 27—locality.

FIGURES 41–48. Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella), male genitalia. 41—Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype) © MNHN; 42—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis; 43—C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi Obenberger, 1942 (paralectotype (NMPC)) = C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850); 44—C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov. (holotype); 45—C. (S.) escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904) (lectotype); 46—C. (S.) orientalis Obenberger, 1924 (Pakistan (DFPC)); 47—C. (S.) quadrioculata (Kollar, 1843) (Turkey (DFPC)); 48—C. (S.) quadrioculata akbesiana Cobos 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) quadrioculata. 41—aedeagus; 42–48—tegmen (left) and median lobe (right).

FIGURES 49–50. Maps of distribution. 49—map of distribution Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837)—yellow, C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850)—green and C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov.—red; 50—map of distribution C. (S.) escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904)—green, C. (S.) orientalis Obenberger, 1924—yellow and C. (S.) quadrioculata (Kollar, 1843)—red.

FIGURES 1–4. 1– Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) specific terms of dorsal morphology (C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov. (holotype)): a—pronotal principal reliefs; b—pronotal minor reliefs; c—pronotal discal relief; d—pronotal basal relief; e—elytral principal reliefs; f—elytral minor reliefs; g—elytral ornament; h—elytral impressions. 2—C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype) © MNHN. 3—C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis Obenberger, 1942 (lectotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 4—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 1—dorsal view; 2–4—labels.Remarks. Obenberger (1942) divided Chalcophorella sensu