Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823) Hipposideros pomona K. Andersen, 1918 Hipposideros pratti Thomas, 1891 Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871)

Zhang, Libiao, Jones, Gareth, Zhang, Jinshuo, Zhu, Guangjian & Parsons, Stuart, 2009, Recent surveys of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from China. I. Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, Acta Chiropterologica 11 (1), pp. 71-88 : 81-82

Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823)

Intermediate leaf-nosed bat

FA — 55.5–64.1 mm, mass — 12.1–24.5 g. A common bat species in south China that was captured in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan. Echolocation call frequencies differ according to site. The bats in Hainan on average emitted higher call frequencies ( FMAXE — 86.5–87.8 kHz) and had longer forearms ( 61–64 mm) than those in Guangxi (84.8–88 kHz, FA — 55.5–61.6 mm), and Guangdong ( FMAXE — 83.2–85.6 kHz, FA — 67.8– 62.2 mm). Bats in Yunnan emitted even lower call frequencies (79.2–84 kHz) and had forearm lengths measuring between 57.5–64.1 mm. Kingston et al. (2000) reported that H. larvatus in Malaysia calls at 100.0 kHz ( FA — 58.5 mm), and Thabah et al. (2006) claimed that in one cave on north-east India, bats identified as H. larvatus emitted calls with FMAXE values at either 85 kHz or 98 kHz, leading the authors to propose the name Hipposideros khasiana for bats of the 85-kHz phonic type. Chinese H. larvatus was phylogenetically closest to Malaysian bats (100–102 kHz), but might deserve raising to specific status given the considerable difference in call frequency ( Thabah et al., 2006).

Previous records from China: Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Found in subtropical areas of southern China where it can occur in large numbers (roosts of several hundred individuals) in caves. They were also found in the shelter (Fangkong Cave 2) around the abandoned airport, Ningming County.

Hipposideros pomona K. Andersen, 1918

Pomona leaf-nosed bat

FA — 40.5–44.2 mm, mass — 5.2–7.0 g. Forty males and 49 females were captured from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan. Hipposideros pomona emitted different call frequencies at different sites. The bats in Yunnan called between 120.8– 125.6 kHz and had FA values of 41.5–44.2 mm. Bats in Guangdong called between 125–129 kHz, with

FA values of 40.6–43.0 mm. In Hainan calls were recorded at 121 kHz ( FA 38–42 mm). Shek and Lau (2006) reported that H. pomona in Hong Kong emitted echolocation calls at 129.6 (range 125.7– 132.5) kHz.

Previous records from China: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, ( Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Most records were from caves in the south of China, but small population was found under the bed in an abandoned house in Hainan. One large roost was found.

Hipposideros pratti Thomas, 1891

Pratt’s leaf-nosed bat

FA — 79.3–90.8 mm, mass — 48–57.3 g. Nine males and 13 females were captured in Fujian, Guangxi, Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan. The bats in Fujian called with FMAXE values 58.2 kHz; bats from Guangxi called at 59.2–61.6 kHz, and those from Henan at 61.0–61.9 kHz.

Previous records from China: Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Females with pups were captured in early July in Sichuan. Maternity colonies in caves may contain hundreds of bats.

Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871)

Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat

FA — 39.8–47.3 mm, mass — 5.0– 7.5 g. Fourteen males and 16 females were captured in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Bats called with FMAXE values between 118.4–130 kHz ( n = 5). On 2 September 2003, one juvenile female was netted in Yunnan, which called at 118.4 kHz ( FA — 44.4 mm), while adult male in this cave called at 119.3 kHz ( FA — 45.6 mm). One adult female was netted in Yunnan on 26 November 2006, calling at 130 kHz ( FA — 39.8 mm). Another juvenile male was captured in Guizhou on 1 November 2005, which had a dominant call frequency at 120.3 kHz ( FA — 44.0 mm). On 5 September 2006, two males and one female were captured in Guangxi, that female called at 125.4 kHz dominant frequency ( FA — 44.7 mm, mass — 7.0 g), two males both called at 122.9 kHz ( FA — 42.7 and 43.9 mm, mass both — 5.0 g). Echolocation calls are described further in Li et al. (2007).

Previous records from China: Guizhou, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Yunnan ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Only small numbers were found and all records were from caves in southern provinces.

Hipposideros pomona K. Andersen, 1918

Pomona leaf-nosed bat

FA — 40.5–44.2 mm, mass — 5.2–7.0 g. Forty males and 49 females were captured from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan. Hipposideros pomona emitted different call frequencies at different sites. The bats in Yunnan called between 120.8– 125.6 kHz and had FA values of 41.5–44.2 mm. Bats in Guangdong called between 125–129 kHz, with

FA values of 40.6–43.0 mm. In Hainan calls were recorded at 121 kHz ( FA 38–42 mm). Shek and Lau (2006) reported that H. pomona in Hong Kong emitted echolocation calls at 129.6 (range 125.7– 132.5) kHz.

Previous records from China: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, ( Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Most records were from caves in the south of China, but small population was found under the bed in an abandoned house in Hainan. One large roost was found.

Hipposideros pratti Thomas, 1891

Pratt’s leaf-nosed bat

FA — 79.3–90.8 mm, mass — 48–57.3 g. Nine males and 13 females were captured in Fujian, Guangxi, Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan. The bats in Fujian called with FMAXE values 58.2 kHz; bats from Guangxi called at 59.2–61.6 kHz, and those from Henan at 61.0–61.9 kHz.

Previous records from China: Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Females with pups were captured in early July in Sichuan. Maternity colonies in caves may contain hundreds of bats.

Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871)

Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat

FA — 39.8–47.3 mm, mass — 5.0– 7.5 g. Fourteen males and 16 females were captured in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Bats called with FMAXE values between 118.4–130 kHz ( n = 5). On 2 September 2003, one juvenile female was netted in Yunnan, which called at 118.4 kHz ( FA — 44.4 mm), while adult male in this cave called at 119.3 kHz ( FA — 45.6 mm). One adult female was netted in Yunnan on 26 November 2006, calling at 130 kHz ( FA — 39.8 mm). Another juvenile male was captured in Guizhou on 1 November 2005, which had a dominant call frequency at 120.3 kHz ( FA — 44.0 mm). On 5 September 2006, two males and one female were captured in Guangxi, that female called at 125.4 kHz dominant frequency ( FA — 44.7 mm, mass — 7.0 g), two males both called at 122.9 kHz ( FA — 42.7 and 43.9 mm, mass both — 5.0 g). Echolocation calls are described further in Li et al. (2007).

Previous records from China: Guizhou, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Yunnan ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Only small numbers were found and all records were from caves in southern provinces.

Hipposideros pratti Thomas, 1891

Pratt’s leaf-nosed bat

FA — 79.3–90.8 mm, mass — 48–57.3 g. Nine males and 13 females were captured in Fujian, Guangxi, Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan. The bats in Fujian called with FMAXE values 58.2 kHz; bats from Guangxi called at 59.2–61.6 kHz, and those from Henan at 61.0–61.9 kHz.

Previous records from China: Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Females with pups were captured in early July in Sichuan. Maternity colonies in caves may contain hundreds of bats.

Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871)

Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat

FA — 39.8–47.3 mm, mass — 5.0– 7.5 g. Fourteen males and 16 females were captured in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Bats called with FMAXE values between 118.4–130 kHz ( n = 5). On 2 September 2003, one juvenile female was netted in Yunnan, which called at 118.4 kHz ( FA — 44.4 mm), while adult male in this cave called at 119.3 kHz ( FA — 45.6 mm). One adult female was netted in Yunnan on 26 November 2006, calling at 130 kHz ( FA — 39.8 mm). Another juvenile male was captured in Guizhou on 1 November 2005, which had a dominant call frequency at 120.3 kHz ( FA — 44.0 mm). On 5 September 2006, two males and one female were captured in Guangxi, that female called at 125.4 kHz dominant frequency ( FA — 44.7 mm, mass — 7.0 g), two males both called at 122.9 kHz ( FA — 42.7 and 43.9 mm, mass both — 5.0 g). Echolocation calls are described further in Li et al. (2007).

Previous records from China: Guizhou, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Yunnan ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Only small numbers were found and all records were from caves in southern provinces.

Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871)

Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat

FA — 39.8–47.3 mm, mass — 5.0– 7.5 g. Fourteen males and 16 females were captured in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Bats called with FMAXE values between 118.4–130 kHz ( n = 5). On 2 September 2003, one juvenile female was netted in Yunnan, which called at 118.4 kHz ( FA — 44.4 mm), while adult male in this cave called at 119.3 kHz ( FA — 45.6 mm). One adult female was netted in Yunnan on 26 November 2006, calling at 130 kHz ( FA — 39.8 mm). Another juvenile male was captured in Guizhou on 1 November 2005, which had a dominant call frequency at 120.3 kHz ( FA — 44.0 mm). On 5 September 2006, two males and one female were captured in Guangxi, that female called at 125.4 kHz dominant frequency ( FA — 44.7 mm, mass — 7.0 g), two males both called at 122.9 kHz ( FA — 42.7 and 43.9 mm, mass both — 5.0 g). Echolocation calls are described further in Li et al. (2007).

Previous records from China: Guizhou, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Yunnan ( Zhang, 1997; Wang, 2003).

Ecological Notes

Only small numbers were found and all records were from caves in southern provinces.