Xestaspis parmata Thorell, 1890

Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Ott, Ricardo & Chavari, João L., 2019, To boldly go: on invasive goblin spiders in Brazil (Araneae, Oonopidae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2019033) 109, pp. 1-20 : 6-8

Xestaspis parmata Thorell, 1890 , comb. rest.

( Figs 15-19 , 59 )

Xestaspis parmata THORELL, 1890:391 (Holotype female from Ajer Mancior, Sumatra, Cel.Beccari leg., deposited in Museu Civico di Storia Naturela Giacomo Doria, examined).

Hytanis oblonga SIMON, 1893b:440 (Syntypes: one female, labeled “6537 Hytanis oblonga E. S. from Iquitos (de M.)”, deposited in MNHN, AR 5692 , PBI_ OON 4743 , examined; one female deposited in MNHN, AR 5681 , PBI_ OON 4742 , labeled “14080 Hytanis oblonga E. S.; Free Town (Mq)”, examined). Syn. nov.

Gamasomorpha paramata : SIMON, 1893a:301 (lapsus).

Xestaspis bipeltis THORELL, 1895:16 (Holotype male from Burma, Tharrawady & Oates col., in BMNH, 1895.9.21.43, PBI_ OON 25537 , examined). Syn. nov.

To boldly go: on invasive goblin spiders in Brazil ( Araneae , Oonopidae ) Bet al.

Gamasomorpha insularis SIMON, 1907:231 (Syntypes: one female from Fernando Poo Island (presently Bioko), Gulf of Guinea, deposited in MNHN B524-23037 and one female from Mauritius Islands, Alluaud leg., deposited in MNHN B524-19782); BENOIT, 1977:38, figs 14a-e (Male “ allotype ”, from Santa Helene,N. Rupert’s Valley, 28/12/1965, P. Basilaewsky, P. Benoit & N.Lelelup col., in MRAC 129.192; PBI_OON 25595, examined); SAARISTO, 2001:311-314, figs 1A, 2A, 3A; 4-8); FREITAS et al., 2013:15. Syn. nov.

Opopaea lutzi PETRUNKEVITCH, 1929:61 , figs 42-50 (Holotype male from Desecheo Island, Puerto Rico, West Indians, Feb. 18-20, 1914, in AMNH 3507A; PBI_OON 5512, examined); CHICKERING, 1969:153, figs 22-27. Syn. nov.

Gamasomorpha bipeltis : ROEWER, 1942:285.

Gamasomorpha parmata : ROEWER, 1954:1707.

Gamasomorpha lutzi : BRIGNOLI, 1975b:228; BURGER, 2011:149, figs 1C-E, 3F-H, 4A-B.

Gamasomorpha madeirensis WUNDERLICH, 1987:66 , figs 40-43 (Holotype male and paratype female from Canico bei Funchal, Madeira Island, Dec. 1988, J.Wunderlich col., in SMF36925 and 36926, respectively); SAARISTO, 2001:311 (Syn. with G. insularis ).

Note. All species here synonymized had their types examined and no morphological differences were found in relation to Xestaspis parmata . Simon’s original label of Hytanis oblonga was removed from the vial with syntypes received from MNHN; the current labels were quite recently printed. SIMON (1893a) doesn’t refer to specimens from Iquitos or Free Town (Africa?), however there is no other material of this species available at MNHN. Since H. oblonga is the type (and currently the sole) species of Hytanis , the genus is bound to be considered a junior synonym of Xestaspis (Syn. nov.).

Diagnosis. Specimens of Xestaspis parmata resembles those of Brignolia and Opopaea by the shape of the body, but can be distinguished from the species of these genera by the red coloration of the carapace and abdomen ( Figs 15-17 ), larger size, less sclerotized palp and bulb, and, particularly from Opopaea , by the less enlarged patella.

Description. Male and female, see WUNDERLICH, 1987:66, figs 40-43 sub Gamasomorpha madeirensis .

Distribution. This species was probably introduced from south Asia, and is known to occur in just four areas in Brazil, in the north of the state of Piauí and in the Archipelago de Fernando de Noronha, which belongs to the state of Pernambuco, and from states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo ( Fig. 59 ). It is an open question if this species has already managed to establish viable populations in the Brazilian territory.

Material examined. BRAZIL. Piauí: Parnaíba, Tabuleiros Litorâneos do Piauí (02°55’S - 41°50’W), Distrito de IrrigaçÃo , ♂, 2008, J. A. S. Santos col. ( IBSP 144005 ) ; Pernambuco: Fernando de Noronha, Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (3°50’57.2814”S - 32°24’10.7922”W), ♂, ♀, IV/2006, G. Freitas col. ( IBSP 67706-67707 ) ; Minas Gerais: Governador Valadares (18°51’03”S - 41°56’56”W), 15.X.1981, L. N. Sorkin, ♀ ( AMNH, PBI _ OON 1167 ) ; São Paulo: SÃo Paulo (23°33’S - 46°38’W), ♂, 2♀ ( AMNH, PBI _ OON 37857 ) .

Figures

Figs 13-19. Figs 13, 14, Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891, female: 13, dorsal; 14, genitalia, ventral. Figs 15-19, Xestaspis parmata Thorell, 1890, comb. rest., female: 15, dorsal; 16, genitalia, ventral; 17, abdomen, anterior, lateral. Male: 18, palp prolateral; 19, palp retrolateral.

Figs 58, 59. Brazilian records of: 58, Brignolia dasysterna and B. pauropunctata; 59, Xestaspis parmata, Heteronoops spinimanus, Ischnothyreus peltifer and I. velox.