Osteocephalus alboguttatus, Boulenger, 1882

Ortiz, Diego A., Hoskin, Conrad J., Werneck, Fernanda P., Réjaud, AleXandre, Manzi, Sophie, Ron, Santiago R. & Fouquet, Antoine, 2023, Historical biogeography highlights the role of Miocene landscape changes on the diversification of a clade of Amazonian tree frogs, Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 23 (2), pp. 395-414 : 405

Osteocephalus alboguttatus group

The majority rule consensus delimited four OTUs within the Osteocephalus alboguttatus group ( Fig. 1a ). Three of them unambiguously correspond to described species with sequences from their type locality: Osteocephalus alboguttatus Boulenger, 1882 ( Fig. 3a in the Appendix); O. heyeri Lynch, 2002 ; and O. subtilis Martins & Cardoso, 1987 . The sequences of the fourth OTU ( O. aff. subtilis ) are from Serra do Divisor (border between Brazil and Peru), and form a highly divergent sister group, geographically close, to O. subtilis sensu stricto ( Fig. 1a ; Electronic Supplement 3). Osteocephalus melanops Melo-Sampaio et al., 2021 was recently described and thus it could not be included in our analyses. However, it is phenotypically distinct from the other species in this group and displays a sister relationship with O. alboguttatus ( Melo-Sampaio et al., 2021) .

Figures

Fig. 1 Panel a, time-calibrated phylogeny of Osteocephalus, Tepuihyla and Dryaderces in Amazonia, resulting from a mitogenomic analysis in BEAST and displaying the mean and 95% CI (blue bars) of divergences. Nodes are numbered in red (age details are in Electronic Supplement 1), and support values are depicted for Bayesian (following node symbol colours) and maximum likelihood analyses (following numbers below the nodes). Topological discrepancies between analyses for four low-supported nodes (21, 25, 34 and 43)

Fig. 3 Dorsolateral views of Osteocephalus. a O. albogutta- tus sensu stricto, QCAZ15972, Puyo-Canelos Road, Pastaza, Ecuador. b O. mimeticus sensu stricto, AF4442 (sequenced), San José, San Martín, Peru. c O. buckleyi sensu stricto, Canelos, Pastaza, Ecuador. d O. vilmae, QCAZ51205, Pompeya-Iro Road km 80, Orellana, Ecuador. e O. mutabor, QCAZ56066, Lorocachi, Pastaza, Ecuador. f O. mutabor, QCAZ39588, Río Pucayacu, Pastaza, Ecuador. g O. taurinus sensu stricto, Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brazil. h O. oophagus sensu stricto, Reserva Ducke, Amazo- nas, Brazil. Photographs: a, d–f by Santiago Ron (BIOWEB, Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0); b by Antoine Fouquet; c, g–h by Diego Ortiz