Selenophorus

Rajab, Abubakarsidiq Makame, 2021, Indoor Radio Map localization WiFi fingerprint datasets, The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1), pp. 9-55 : 29

Subgenus Selenophorus (sensu stricto)

Selenophorus Dejean 1829: 80 . Type species: Carabus palliatus Fabricius, 1798 , designated by Hope (1838: 84).

Gynandropus Dejean 1831: 810 , 817. Type species: Gynandropus americanus Dejean, 1831 (= Harpalus hylacis Say, 1823 ) by monotypy. Synonymy established by Noonan (1985a: 39).

Hemisopalus Casey 1914: 135 . Type species: Harpalus opalinus LeConte, 1863 , by original designation. Synonymy established by Noonan (1976: 41).

Recognition. Subgenus Selenophorus includes 29 species in the Nearctic which are markedly diverse in their external features. Two constant features distinguish this subgenus from most members of Celiamorphus : the prosternal process is immarginate, dorsally curved, and the females have two pairs of anal setae. Males have either the common single pair of anal setae or, unlike any male in Celiamorphus , have two pairs of anal setae. The median lobe ostium is without a lamina, except it is present in S. maritimus and S. neoruficollis . The dorsum is either uniformly colored or bicolored. Dorsal microsculpture varies from isodiametric mesh to striate to absent which corresponds to luster (reflection) that is dull to iridescent to very shiny, respectively. Pronotum is with the base broad or constricted. Tarsi are usually with dorsal pubescence conspicuous. Metatarsi of specimens in most species groups are at least two-thirds as long as metatibiae, but in one species group metatarsi are distinctly shorter.

Gynandropus (sensu lato) is equivalent to the S. hylacis species group. It is characterized by the ventral surface of metatarsomere 1 with inner setae densely packed in a single brush-like row. Except for one species, the females in this group are with protarsomere 1 markedly dilated with a ventral pad of dense vestiture.

Hemisopalus (sensu lato) is characterized by the disc of the pronotum with microsculpture either absent or at most weakly impressed. Frequently the elytra are extensively and finely punctulate. Hemisopalus encompasses the S. concinnus species group, S. opalinus species group, S. ruficollis species group, and S. striatopunctatus species group.