Geometra papilionaria ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Han, H-X., Galsworthy, A. C. & Xue, D-Y., 2009, A survey of the genus Geometra Linnaeus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae), Journal of Natural History 43 (13 - 14), pp. 885-922 : 890-897

Geometra papilionaria ( Linnaeus, 1758) ( Figure 1A )

Phalaena (Geometra) papilionaria Linnaeus, 1758 , Syst Nat (ed. 10) 1:522. Syntype (s). (LSL).

Geometra albopunctata Mattuschka, 1805 , Raupen- und Schmetterlings-Tabellen fuer Insecten. Sammler: 125. Syntype (s), [Europe?].

N

Phalaena prasinaria Hufnagel, 1767 , Berlin Mag 4(5):506. Syntype (s), [ Germany]: Berlin region .

Hipparchus papilionaria: Leach, 1815 , Edinb Encycl 9:134.

Geometra papilionaria: ICZN, 1957 , Opin Decl ICZN 15(Opinion 450):254.

Geometra papilionaria herbacearia Ménétriès, 1858 , Bulletin de la Classe Physico- Mathématique de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Pétersbourg, 17(12– 14):220. [Northern Turkey, Transcaucasus, Caucasus, Siberia, eastwards to Sachalin ( Hausmann, 2001) and Ussuri].

Hipparchus papilionaria subrigua Prout, 1935 : in Seitz, The Macrolepidoptera of the World 4(Suppl.):9, pl.2:c. ( Japan).

Description

Antennae in male bipectinate, rami shorter towards end, the longest ramus about twice diameter of flagellum. Frons and vertex green. Labial palpus green, rough scaled. Hind tibia dilated and with hair-pencil. Thorax with dorsal side green and abdomen whitish green.

Wing pattern. Length of forewing „ 22–27 mm; ♀ 25 mm. Wings green with blue tinge. Outer margin of both wings curved, slightly scalloped on forewing, and deeply scalloped on hindwing. Hindwing with apex rounded. Forewing with antemedial line scalloped, white, with a narrow dark green outer edge, invisible near costa. Both fore- and hindwings with postmedial line (sometimes indistinct) dentate, white and indistinct on veins, edged with dark green on inner side; submarginal line composed of white patches between veins; discal spots dark green, dash-like, sometimes indistinct; fringe green basally and white terminally. Underside similar colour to upperside; white submarginal and dull green postmedial lines and discal spot visible, much paler.

Male genitalia ( Figures 2A , 3A ). Uncus reduced to a broad prominence. Socii developed, long, well-sclerotized, tapered but blunt. Gnathos sclerotized, with median process rod-like, tapered. Valva simple, lightly sclerotized and curved, apex blunt and rounded; sacculus present, appearing as a sclerotized depressed area at base near ventral margin, less than one-half valva in length. Transtilla a pair of slightly sclerotized large processes. Juxta an irregular sclerotized plate. Saccus extremely small. Coremata present. Aedeagus stout, posterior half scerotized, and tapered at tip but blunt.

Segment 8 ( Figure 5A ) with tergite moderately protruding, sternite slightly sclerotized at middle, and shallowly concave.

Female genitalia ( Figure 4A ). Apophyses anteriores and posteriores similar in length. Wrinkled area present on lamella vaginalis. Ductus bursae very short, sclerotized, with V-shaped antrum. Corpus bursae long and large, broader towards anteriorly; signum quadrate sclerite, with two tiny pointed teeth.

neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria ; (K) G. purissima ; (L) G. smaragdus ; (M) G. fragilis ; (N) G. sinoisaria ; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov.; (P) G. glaucaria ; (Q) G. rana ; (R) G. sigaria . Scale bar 1 mm.

Biology

Larvae with conical processes on A1–A5 and A8, hibernating in young stage and mature in spring ( Sugi 1987).

Hosts. Betulaceae : Alnus glutinosa ; Alnus hirsuta ; Alnus ; Betula ermani ; Betula pendula ; Betula platyphylla ; Betula pubescens ; Betula ; Corylaceae : Corylus avellana ; Corylus ; Fagaceae : Fagus crenata ; Fagus sylvatica ; Fagus ; Rosaceae : Sorbus aucuparia ; Salicaceae : Salix caprea ; Salix ( Scoble 1999; Hausmann 2001).

Materials examined

IZCAS: 1 „, Heilongjiang: Yichun Dailing , 4 July 1956 ; 1 „, same locality, 4 August 1957; 2 „ , Heilongjiang: Dailing , 390 m, 2 August 1962, Coll. Bai Jiuwei ; 1 „, Heilongjiang: Yichun , 16 August 1957; 13 „ , Jilin: Changbaishan , 2–18 July 1982, coll. Zhang Baolin ; 2 „, same locality, 9–10 August 1974; 1 „, same locality, 6 August 1974, coll. Yang Liming ; 1 „, Jilin: Manjiang , 5 August 1955; 1 „ , Liaoning: Qingyuan , 30 July 1954 ; 1 „, Inner Mongolia: Moerdaoge , 26 June 1982; 2 „ , Inner Mongolia: Jiwen , 500 m, 4 July 1985, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀ , same locality, 6 August 1983 ; 10 „, Inner Mongolia: Dayangshu , 370 m, 6–7 July 1985, coll. Xue Dayong ; 1 „, Beijing: Yanqing , 9 June 1983; 1 „ , Beijing: Mentougou , 25 June 1982; 1♀ , Beijing: Baihuashan , 18 July 1973, coll. Han Yinheng ; 1 „, Hebei: Xiaowutaishan nantai, 1700 m, 7 July 1964, coll. Wang Chunguang; 1 „ , Shanxi: Wutaishan , July 1991 .

BMNH: 2 „, Predota, 1921, Hansag Ung. 29 May 1921, N.C. Rothschild Coll. B.M.1939-432, Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1; 1 „, Ste Baume, 4 July, (Dr P. Siepi), Rothschild Bequest, B.M.1939-1; 1♀, L.W. Newman, Bexley, 27 June 1921, coll. Miriam Rothschild, Rothschild Bequest, B.M.1939-1.

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi) , Japan, Korea, Russia, Transcaucasus, Caucasus, Turkey, Europe.

It should be noted that the date of publication of the name herbacearia is given as 1859 in Scoble (1999) and subsequent authors. In fact the 1859 paper (Ménétriès 1859) reprints the exact text of the 1858 reference given above, and the last page of the section of the 1858 work in which Ménétriès’ work was published indicates that it was issued on 26 August 1858. The date of publication of the name should therefore be changed to 1858. The same goes for Geometra glaucaria Ménétriès , dealt with below, which was published on the same page.

Figures

Figure 1. Adults of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria, „; (B) G. symaria, „; (C) G. albovenaria, „; (D) G. valida, „; (E) G. euryagyia, „; (F) G. dieckmanni, „; (G) G. sponsaria, „; (H) G. ussuriensis, „; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov. „, holotype; (J) G. flavifrontaria, „; (K) G. purissima, „, holotype; (L) G. smaragdus, „; (M) G. fragilis, „, syntype; (N) G. sinoisaria, „, syntype; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov., „, holotype; (P) G. glaucaria, „; (Q) G. rana, „; (R) G. sigaria, „, syntype. Scale bar 10 mm.

Figure 2. Male genitalia of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G.

Figure 3. Aedeagus of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria; (K) G. purissima; (L) G. smaragdus; (M) G. fragilis; (N) G. sinoisaria; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov.; (P) G. glaucaria; (Q) G. rana; (R) G. sigaria. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 4. Female genitalia of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria; (K) G. purissima; (L) G. smaragdus; (M) G. fragilis; (N) G. sinoisaria; (O) G. glaucaria; (P) G. rana. Scale bar 1mm.

Figure 5. Segment 8 of Geometra. (A) G. papilionaria; (B) G. symaria; (C) G. albovenaria; (D) G. valida; (E) G. euryagyia; (F) G. dieckmanni; (G) G. sponsaria; (H) G. ussuriensis; (I) G. neovalida sp. nov.; (J) G. flavifrontaria; (K) G. purissima; (L) G. smaragdus; (M) G. fragilis; (N) G. sinoisaria; (O) G. burmensis sp. nov.; (P) G. glaucaria; (Q) G. rana; (R) G. sigaria.